Determination of knee cartilage volume and surface area in beagle dogs: a pilot study

SummaryEffects due to plasma plasminogen activators and proactivators are usually studied in assay systems where inhibitors influence the activity and where the degree of activation of proactivators is unknown. Quantitative information on activator and proactivator levels in plasma is therefore not availableStudies on the precipitating and activating properties of dextran sulphate in euglobulin fractionation presented in this paper resulted in the preparation of a fraction in which there was optimal recovery and optimal activation of a number of plasminogen activators and proactivators from human plasma. The quantitative assay of these activators on plasminogen-rich fibrin plates required the addition of flufenamate to eliminate inhibitors. The response on the fibrin plates (lysed zones) could be coverted to arbitrary blood activator units (BAU). Consequently, a new activator assay which enables one to quantitatively determine the plasma level of plasminogen activators and proactivators together is introduced.Two different contributions could be distinguished: an activity originating from extrinsic activator and one originating from intrinsic proactivators. The former could be assayed separately by means of its resistance to inhibition by Cl-inactivator. Considering the relative concentrations of extrinsic and intrinsic activators, an impression of the pattern of activator content in plasma was gained. In morning plasma with baseline levels of fibrinolysis, the amount of extrinsic activator was negligible as compared to the level of potentially active intrinsic activators. Consequently, the new assay nearly exclusively determines the level of intrinsic activators in morning plasma. A pilot study gave a fairly stable level of 100 ± 15 BAU/ml (n = 50). When fibrinolysis was stimulated by venous occlusion (15 min), the amount of extrinsic activator was greatly increased, reaching a total activator level of 249 ± 27 BAU/ml (n = 7).

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Rubber compounding ingredients. Determination of multipoint nitrogen surface area (NSA) and statistical thickness surface area (STSA)

10.3403/30131875 ◽

2005 ◽

Keyword(s):

Surface Area

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Rubber compounding ingredients. Carbon black. Determination of specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption methods. Single-point procedures

10.3403/30212471 ◽

2012 ◽

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Single Point ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption

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Rubber compounding ingredients. Determination of multipoint nitrogen surface area (NSA) and statistical thickness surface area (STSA)

10.3403/30300500 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Surface Area

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Iron ores. Determination of specific surface area. Test method using air-permeability apparatus (Blaine)

10.3403/30341510 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Air Permeability ◽

Test Method ◽

Iron Ores

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Materials obtained from end-of-life tyres - Determination of the specific surface area of powders - Method based on krypton adsorption

10.3403/30413463 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

End Of Life ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Krypton Adsorption

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Pronated Grip View With Wrist Deviation: A Pilot Study on the Effect on Ulnocarpal Relationships

Hand ◽

10.1177/15589447211028928 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155894472110289

Author(s):

Anthony L. Logli ◽

Beth A. Schueler ◽

Laurel A. Littrell ◽

Sanjeev Kakar

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Surface Area ◽

Coronal Plane ◽

Ulnar Deviation ◽

Radial Deviation ◽

Wrist Position ◽

Standardized Protocol ◽

Ulnar Impaction ◽

Lunate Surface ◽

Adult Volunteers

Background We hypothesize that different positions of the wrist in the coronal plane makes the carpus susceptible to ulnar impaction. Methods We prospectively enrolled 10 adult volunteers and obtained fluoroscopic images of each wrist in 12 different positions using a standardized protocol. Distances from the ulna to the lunate (UL) and ulna to the triquetrum (UT) were digitally measured as was the portion of the lunate surface area that was uncovered (LUR) with wrist deviation. Results A wrist position of Pronation, Neutral Deviation, and Grip (P-ND-G) significantly shortened the ulnocarpal distance when compared to a position of Neutral Rotation, Neutral Deviation, and No Grip (NR-ND-NG). Radial deviation during pronation and gripping (Pronated, Radial Deviation, Gripping [P-RD-G]) resulted in the lowest mean UL distance (1.2 mm). UT distance was minimized by a position of ulnar deviation during a pronated grip (Pronated, Ulnar Deviation, Gripping [P-UD-G]) (3.1 mm). The lunate becomes more uncovered with radial deviation. Conclusion Radial deviation minimizes the UL distance while ulnar deviation minimizes the UT distance during a wrist position of pronation and gripping. Further, there is more proximal lunate surface area uncoverage during all positions of radial deviation compared to ulnar deviation.

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