scholarly journals Female (Under) Representation in Exercise Thermoregulation Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate P. Hutchins ◽  
David N. Borg ◽  
Aaron J. E. Bach ◽  
Joshua J. Bon ◽  
Geoffrey M. Minett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Exertional Heat Stress ◽  
Exercise Thermoregulation

Abstract Background Despite an increasing rate of women participating in professional sports, emergency services, and military settings where they are exposed to exertional heat stress, our understanding of female thermoregulation and the detrimental effects of heat on women’s performance, especially regarding the menstrual cycle, is limited. This review aimed to quantify the representation of women in exercise thermoregulation research between 2010 and 2019 and the frequency that these articles reported details pertaining to female participants’ menstrual cycle to determine the volume of novel research that is directly relevant to this growing population. Methods Original exercise thermoregulatory studies published in three major sports medicine databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus) between 2010 and 2019 were surveyed. Articles were screened to determine the number of female and male participants in the study and whether studies involving women reported menstrual orientation or phase. Research involving healthy adult participants and an exercise protocol with a thermoregulatory outcome measure were included in the review. Results A total of 1407 articles were included in the review, involving 28,030 participants. The annual representation of women ranged from a mean of 11.6% [95% credible interval (CI); 9.2, 14.3] to 17.8% [95% CI; 15.2, 20.6] across the 10 years, indicating studies predominantly included men. Nonetheless, there was a small statistical increase in the overall proportion of women, with a mean overall proportion change of 0.7% [95% CI; 0.2, 1.2] per year. The increase appeared to be driven by a reduction in the number of studies including only men, rather than studies including more women alongside men, or increased women-only studies. Less than one third of articles involving women reported the menstrual orientation of participants and less than one quarter reported both menstrual orientation and phase. Summary/Conclusion This study shows that women were proportionally underrepresented in exercise thermoregulation research during the past decade and the majority of studies did not report menstrual cycle details of female participants. Researchers should consider including women in future work where their inclusion could contribute meaningful data that enhance the evidence-based and ultimately improves our comprehension of women’s thermal physiology.

scholarly journals I’m Not Creative in That Way: Older Adults’ Differential Experiences of an Arts-Based Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 835-835
Author(s):  
Colette Brown ◽  
Andrea Chirino ◽  
Cristina Cortez ◽  
Cassandra Gearhart
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Conceptual Art ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Art Activities ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract A recent 12-week intervention study revealed that making conceptual art is linked to improved cognitive health among community-dwelling older adults (Brown et al., 2020). Unknown, however, is whether the intervention experience differed for participants who exhibited more versus less improvement. This pilot study examined 163 excerpts from semi-structured interviews with cognitively normal, older adult participants (N = 11, Mean age = 72.82). Using thematic analysis and data displays on Dedoose, key themes were distilled regarding intervention acceptability. Participants exhibiting less cognitive improvement more often mentioned personally connecting to topics of dementia and aging through art, but more often mentioned scheduling conflicts. Conversely, participants exhibiting greater cognitive improvement more often mentioned experiencing intellectual enrichment, but feeling insecure about their art capabilities. Novel art activities may be personally meaningful and cognitively stimulating for some participants, but emotionally frustrating for others. Future work should explore ways to optimize arts-based interventions for older participants.

Problems of the Fight Against Doping in Professional Sports

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-240
Author(s):  
Anatoly Peskov
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms

Doping became, as many experts note, not only more diverse, highly specialized, and efficient, but also dangerous for the health of athletes. One of the main factors that allows athletes to escape responsibility is corruption. The author pays particular attention to research and new technologies in the field of sports medicine, including generating new kinds of doping. The chapter also examines the practice of international standard on granting exceptions on therapeutic use of drugs. The author suggests reconstructing the existing system of criminal and administrative law to develop new enforcement mechanisms in the fight against doping to impose a ban on the testing of new drugs on professional athletes.

scholarly journals A Spatially Explicit Capture–Recapture Model for Partially Identified Individuals When Trap Detection Rate Is Less than One

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumen Dey ◽  
Mohan Delampady ◽  
K. Ullas Karanth ◽  
Arjun M. Gopalaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Detection Probability ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Partial Identity ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Estimation Problems ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Future Work

Spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models have gained enormous popularity to solve abundance estimation problems in ecology. In this study, we develop a novel Bayesian SECR model that disentangles two processes: one is the process of animal arrival within a detection region, and the other is the process of recording this arrival by a given set of detectors. We integrate this complexity into an advanced version of a recent SECR model involving partially identified individuals (Royle JA. Spatial capture-recapture with partial identity. arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.06873, 2015). We assess the performance of our model over a range of realistic simulation scenarios and demonstrate that estimates of population size N improve when we utilize the proposed model relative to the model that does not explicitly estimate trap detection probability (Royle JA. Spatial capture-recapture with partial identity. arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.06873, 2015). We confront and investigate the proposed model with a spatial capture–recapture dataset from a camera trapping survey of tigers (Panthera tigris) in Nagarahole study area of southern India. Detection probability is estimated at 0.489 (with 95% credible interval (CI) [0.430, 0.543]) which implies that the camera traps are performing imperfectly and thus justifying the use of our model in real world applications. We discuss possible extensions, future work and relevance of our model to other statistical applications beyond ecology. AMS classification codes: 62F15, 92D40

Oral contraception and the menstrual cycle in exercise science and sports medicine research should it be considered?

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e29
Author(s):  
M. Schaumberg ◽  
X. Janse De Jonge ◽  
H. Hillebrandt ◽  
R. Fisher ◽  
C. Minahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Medicine Research

scholarly journals Needs Investigation Methods Compatible With Key End User Limitation (Nickel): A Tool For Selecting User Centered Needs Elicitation Methods For Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joash Sujan Samuel Roy
Keyword(s):  
User Study ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Elicitation Methods ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Future Work ◽  
User Centered ◽  
Disabled Adults

During the design process older and/or disabled adults are often left out of the needs elicitation process because many of the User Centered Needs Elicitation Methods (UCNEM) are not accessible to these individuals. This thesis explains the development of NICKEL, a decision-support tool which allows users to determine UCNEMs that fit the human capability of the older and/or disabled adult participants in their study. Three levels of the cognitive, visual, hearing and physical human capabilities required for 19 UCNEMs are determined using a survey and focus group with expert designers/researchers. A user study is carried out to determine the usability and usefulness of NICKEL with novice and expert designers/researchers. Major findings indicated that NICKEL is an easy to use and useful tool for users when determining appropriate UCNEMs for older and disabled adults. Future work could include adding other capabilities such as interpersonal skills and adding new methods to NICKEL.

scholarly journals Optimizing Health and Athletic Performance for Women

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina de Borja ◽  
Cindy J. Chang ◽  
Rhonda Watkins ◽  
Carlin Senter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Team Physician ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Representation Of Women

Abstract Purpose of Review The exponential growth of women participating in competitive sports throughout the years was made possible through several initiatives by the International Olympic Committee and the passage and implementation of Title IX as a federal law in the United States. However, this positive trend towards gender equity in sports has not transpired for women in medicine, especially in fields that care for elite athletes. This current review will discuss specific areas that can be tailored to help female athletes prevent injuries and optimize their athletic performance. We will also highlight how increased female team physician representation in sports may help optimize care for female athletes. Recent Findings Female athletes are considered high risk for certain conditions such as ACL tears, patellofemoral pain syndrome, bone stress injuries, sport-related concussions, and sexual violence in sport. Addressing factors specific to female athletes has been found to be valuable in preventing injuries. Strength and conditioning can optimize athletic performance but remains underutilized among female athletes. Although diversity in healthcare workforce has been found to be beneficial for multiple reasons, women remain underrepresented in sports medicine. Increasing female team physician representation may positively impact care for female athletes. Summary Team physicians must understand the physiologic, biomechanical, and anatomic factors that are unique to female athletes in order to tailor injury prevention programs and optimize their athletic performance. Advocating for gender equity in sports medicine to advance representation of women in the field will increase workforce diversity and promote excellence in sports medicine care.

scholarly journals Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among adults in Georgia, USA, August-December 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison T Chamberlain ◽  
Kathleen E Toomey ◽  
Heather Bradley ◽  
Eric W Hall ◽  
Mansour Fahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
State Testing ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
True Number ◽  
Hispanic Adults ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Background: Reported COVID-19 cases underestimate the true number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Data on all infections, including asymptomatic infection, are needed to guide state testing and prevention programs. To minimize biases in estimates from seroprevalence surveys and reported cases, we conducted a state-wide probability survey of Georgia households and estimated cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections adjusted for antibody waning. Methods: From August to December 2020, we mailed kits to self-collect specimens (nasal swabs and blood spots) to a random sample of Georgia addresses. One randomly-selected adult household member completed a survey and returned specimens for virus and antibody testing. We estimated cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections adjusted for waning antibodies, reported fraction, and infection fatality ratio (IFR). Differences in seropositivity among demographic, geographic and clinical subgroups were explored with weighted prevalence ratios (PR). Results: Among 1,370 Georgia adult participants, adjusted cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 was 16.1% (95% credible interval (CrI): 13.5-19.2%) as of November 16, 2020. The reported fraction was 26.6% and IFR was 0.78%. Non-Hispanic Black (PR: 2.03, CI 1.0, 4.1) and Hispanic adults (PR: 1.98, CI 0.74, 5.31) were more likely than non-Hispanic White adults to be seropositive. Seropositivity in metropolitan Atlanta's Fulton and DeKalb counties was similar to seropositivity elsewhere in Georgia (7.8% vs. 8.8%). Conclusions: As of mid-November 2020, one in 6 adults in Georgia had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The scope of the COVID-19 epidemic in Georgia is likely substantially underestimated by reported cases.

scholarly journals The Liability of Professional Team Sports Physicians

1969 ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Lonny Balbi
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Medical Negligence ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Professional Team Sports

Sports medicine is emerging as a new specialized field of medicine. The author discusses the liability of doctors working for professional sports teams and the problems of using a standard of care similar to that used in other medical negligence suits. Other possible standards of care are outlined and analyzed.

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