scholarly journals Automated quantification of COVID-19 pneumonia severity in chest CT using histogram-based multi-level thresholding segmentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem Abuzeid Yousef ◽  
Ehab Mansour Mohmad Moussa ◽  
Mohamed Zidan Mohamed Abdel-Razek ◽  
Maha Mohamed Said Ahmed El-Kholy ◽  
Lamiaa Hasan Shaaban Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Severity Scoring ◽  
Automated Quantification ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Background Chest computed tomography (CT) has proven its critical importance in detection, grading, and follow-up of lung affection in COVID-19 pneumonia. There is a close relationship between clinical severity and the extent of lung CT findings in this potentially fatal disease. The extent of lung lesions in CT is an important indicator of risk stratification in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. This study aims to explore automated histogram-based quantification of lung affection in COVID-19 pneumonia in volumetric computed tomography (CT) images in comparison to conventional semi-quantitative severity scoring. This retrospective study enrolled 153 patients with proven COVID-19 pneumonia. Based on the severity of clinical presentation, the patients were divided into three groups: mild, moderate and severe. Based upon the need for oxygenation support, two groups were identified as follows: common group that incorporated mild and moderate severity patients who did not need intubation, and severe illness group that included patients who were intubated. An automated multi-level thresholding histogram-based quantitative analysis technique was used for evaluation of lung affection in CT scans together with the conventional semi-quantitative severity scoring performed by two expert radiologists. The quantitative assessment included volumes, percentages and densities of ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation in both lungs. The results of the two evaluation methods were compared, and the quantification metrics were correlated. Results The Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the semi-quantitative severity scoring and automated quantification methods was 0.934 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions The automated histogram-based quantification of COVID-19 pneumonia shows good correlation with conventional severity scoring. The quantitative imaging metrics show high correlation with the clinical severity of the disease.

scholarly journals Correlation between age, sex, and severity of Coronavirus disease-19 based on chest computed tomography severity scoring system

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa Farghaly ◽  
Marwa Makboul
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Severity Scoring ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most recent global health emergency; early diagnosis of COVID-19 is very important for rapid clinical interventions and patient isolation; chest computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in screening, diagnosis, and evaluating the progress of the disease. According to the results of different studies, due to high severity of the disease, clinicians should be aware of the different potential risk factors associated with the fatal outcome, so chest CT severity scoring system was designed for semi-quantitative assessment of the severity of lung disease in COVID-19 patients, ranking the pulmonary involvement on 25 points severity scale according to extent of lung abnormalities; this study aims to evaluate retrospectively the relationship between age and severity of COVID-19 in both sexes based on chest CT severity scoring system. Results Age group C (40–49 year) was the commonest age group that was affected by COVID-19 by 21.3%, while the least affected group was group F (≥ 70 years) by only 6.4%. As regards COVID-RADS classification, COVID-RADS-3 was the most commonly presented at both sexes in all different age groups. Total CT severity lung score had a positive strong significant correlation with the age of the patient (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Also, a positive strong significant correlation was observed between CT severity lung score and age in both males and females (r = 0.59, P < 0.001) and (r = 0.69, P < 0.001) respectively. Conclusion We concluded that age can be considered as a significant risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 in both sexes. Also, CT can be used as a significant diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and evaluation of the progression and severity of the disease.

scholarly journals Tryptophan and arginine metabolism is significantly altered at the time of admission in hospital for severe COVID-19 patients: findings from longitudinal targeted metabolomics analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ansone ◽  
Monta Ustinova ◽  
Anna Terentjeva ◽  
Ingus Perkons ◽  
Liga Birzniece ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Stratified Care ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The heterogeneity in severity and outcome of COVID-19 cases points out the urgent need for early molecular characterization of patients followed by risk-stratified care. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the fluctuations of serum metabolomic profiles of COVID-19 patients with severe illness during the different disease stages in a longitudinal manner. We demonstrate a distinct metabolomic signature in serum samples of 32 hospitalized patients at the acute phase compared to the recovery period, suggesting the tryptophan (tryptophan, kynurenine, and 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine) and arginine (citrulline and ornithine) metabolism as contributing pathways in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 with a potential link to the clinical severity of the disease. In addition, we provide evidence for glutamine metabolism in M2 macrophages as a complementary process and contribution of phenylalanine and tyrosine in the molecular mechanisms underlying the severe course of the infection. In conclusion, our results provide several functional metabolic markers for disease progression and severe outcome with potential clinical application.

Post-traumatic Growth: Longitudinal Study on Battered Women in Close Relationships after Both They and Their Partners Undergo Therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199793
Author(s):  
Dorota Dyjakon ◽  
Beata Rajba
Keyword(s):  
Battered Women ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Violence in intimate relationships is a major problem worldwide. Many women, despite having experienced violence from a partner, decide to remain in a relationship with the perpetrator. A special premise for such a decision is that the abusive partner undertakes therapy that serves to build security in the family. An important indicator of dealing with violence is post-traumatic growth (PTG), a concept introduced by Calhoun and Tedeschi (1998) to describe positive changes as a result of traumatic experiences. The purpose of the research was to assess PTG changes in the course of relationships in which the woman had experienced violence from her partner, but both her partner and she had undertaken therapy and changed their behavior ( N = 48). The conducted research used a demographic survey and two questionnaires: The Polish version of the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R, Weiss, Marmara prepared by Juczyński and Ogińska-Bulik [2009]) examining three dimensions of trauma (intrusion, hyperarousal, and avoidance) and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory ( Tedeschi & Calhoun [2004] ; Polish version prepared by Ogińska-Bulik & Juczyński [2010] ). The studies showed that over a period of one and half years, significant changes in PTG had taken place. Reportedly, changes in self-perception and changes in relating to others have decreased, while appreciation of life increased but spiritual life remained the same. The research also allowed us to distinguish several groups of corelates in changes in individual PTG categories. The studies also indicate that building a close relationship with the person who caused the harm can limit the victim’s PTG.

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-688
Author(s):  
Denis R. Miller ◽  
Robert L. Baehner ◽  
Louis K. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Aldolase A

Two cases of PNH in adolescence and childhood are reported. The first presented at age 7½ years with aplastic anemia and improved after splenectomy performed at age 14. The second, a 15-year-old girl, presented with a Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and has had a course complicated by multiple peripheral thromboses. The clinical and laboratory manifestations, complications, and certain therapeutic aspects of PNH are discussed. Anticoagulant therapy appears indicated in the presence of multiple thrombotic episodes. Erythrocyte metabolic studies revealed normal glycolysis, ATP stability, and GSH content in the cells of a child with a normal reticulocyte count. Mild elevations of glycolysis, noted in the child with a reticulocytosis, was ascribed to a younger mean red cell population since further elevations found in the "top" reticulocyte-rich layer after centrifugation. Heparin, the anticoagulant used in these studies, had no adverse effect on glycolysis but did inhibit hemolysis and minimize ATP instability when compared to cells suspended in defibrinated serum. Erythrocytes fractionated by centrifugation revealed increased glycolytic enzyme activities of hexokinase, G3PD, PGK, TPI, PK, LDH, G6PD, and 6PGD in the reticulocyte-rich layer. Normal, rather than increased activity of aldolase, a membrane enzyme, may reflect damage to the red cell membrane. PFK, known to be decreased in the erythrocyte of neonates, showed normal activity, but it was lowest in the reticulocyte-rich layer. Fetal hemoglobin was elevated in this layer. AChE deficiency and increased suceptibility to hydrogen perioxide and acid hemolysis confirmed previous reports and were most marked in the young cell layer. The level of increased glycolytic rates and enzyme activity, AChE deficiency, acid hemolysis and peroxide hemolysis were related to the clinical severity of the disease.

scholarly journals Investigation of association between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 clinical severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 673-676
Author(s):  
Arzu İrvem ◽  
Abdurrahman Sarmış ◽  
Özlem Akgün Doğan ◽  
Jale Yıldız ◽  
Zafer Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Center ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Objective: COVID-19 has been detected in Turkey since March 11, 2020. Istanbul has become an important center of the pandemic in Turkey. Various risk factors for COVID-19 infection, mortality, and morbidity are under investigation. Recent studies have suggested that certain blood groups are risk factors for the disease. The aim of this study is the evaluation the relationship between blood groups and the risk of contracting COVID-19 disease, clinical severity of the disease, and CT (computed tomography) imaging findings. Material and Methods: Age, gender, blood group data, clinical severity and CT images of 300 patients who were positive with RT PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and were followed up in the clinic were retrospectively scanned and recorded. The clinical severity of the disease and CT imaging findings were scored, and the data were evaluated statistically. Results: While the incidence of COVID-19 was high in the A blood group, it was low in the 0 blood group. Although there was no significant difference between blood types and clinical severity, the involvement in the B blood group was more severe on CT imaging. Conclusion: People with A blood group should pay more attention to protection and isolation. Investigating this difference and underlying pathogenic mechanisms can guide science with advanced studies.

An Extremely Rare, Atypical and Genetically-Undetermined Form of Osteopetrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Tetta ◽  
Marco Focaccia ◽  
Lea Bono ◽  
Eugenio Rimondi ◽  
Paolo Spinnato
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Radiographic Features ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Skeletal Disorder ◽  
Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia ◽  
Osteoclast Function ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

: Osteopetrosis is an uncommon skeletal disorder characterized by generalized sclerosis of bones due to defective osteoclast function. A wide variation in clinical severity of the disease has been observed. Radiographic features and genetic testing are usually used to diagnose the condition. In the present study, we present a case of an extremely rare, atypical and genetically-undetermined form of Osteopetrosis. This patient had some clinical and radiological features of craniometaphyseal dysplasia along with atypical radiological signs of osteopetrosis.

Computed Tomography Brain Images Semantic Segmentation

2017 ◽  
pp. 77-104
Author(s):  
Poonam Fauzdar ◽  
Sarvesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Minimum Euclidean Distance ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Reduced Time

In this paper we applianced an approach for segmenting brain tumour regions in a computed tomography images by proposing a multi-level fuzzy technique with quantization and minimum computed Euclidean distance applied to morphologically divided skull part. Since the edges identified with closed contours and further improved by adding minimum Euclidean distance, that is why the numerous results that are analyzed are very assuring and algorithm poses following advantages like less cost, global analysis of image, reduced time, more specificity and positive predictive value.

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