scholarly journals Effects of behavioural activation on the neural circuit related to intrinsic motivation

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Mori ◽  
Yasumasa Okamoto ◽  
Go Okada ◽  
Koki Takagaki ◽  
Masahiro Takamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Behavioural Activation ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanning

BackgroundBehavioural activation is an efficient treatment for depression and can improve intrinsic motivation. Previous studies have revealed that the frontostriatal circuit is involved in intrinsic motivation; however, there are no data on how behavioural activation affects the frontostriatal circuit.AimsWe aimed to investigate behavioural activation-related changes in the frontostriatal circuit.MethodFifty-nine individuals with subthreshold depression were randomly assigned to either the intervention or non-intervention group. The intervention group received five weekly behavioural activation sessions. The participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning on two separate occasions while performing a stopwatch task based on intrinsic motivation. We investigated changes in neural activity and functional connectivity after behavioural activation.ResultsAfter behavioural activation, the intervention group had increased activation and connectivity in the frontostriatal region compared with the non-intervention group. The increased activation in the right middle frontal gyrus was correlated with an improvement of subjective sensitivity to environmental rewards.ConclusionsBehavioural activation-related changes to the frontostriatal circuit advance our understanding of psychotherapy-induced improvements in the neural basis of intrinsic motivation.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Effects of behavioural activation on the neural basis of other perspective self-referential processing in subthreshold depression: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shiota ◽  
Y. Okamoto ◽  
G. Okada ◽  
K. Takagaki ◽  
M. Takamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Subthreshold Depression ◽  
Behavioural Activation ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Referential Processing

BackgroundIt has been demonstrated that negatively distorted self-referential processing, in which individuals evaluate one's own self, is a pathogenic mechanism in subthreshold depression that has a considerable impact on the quality of life and carries an elevated risk of developing major depression. Behavioural activation (BA) is an effective intervention for depression, including subthreshold depression. However, brain mechanisms underlying BA are not fully understood. We sought to examine the effect of BA on neural activation during other perspective self-referential processing in subthreshold depression.MethodA total of 56 subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans during a self-referential task with two viewpoints (self/other) and two emotional valences (positive/negative) on two occasions. Between scans, while the intervention group (n = 27) received BA therapy, the control group (n = 29) did not.ResultsThe intervention group showed improvement in depressive symptoms, increased activation in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), and increased reaction times during other perspective self-referential processing for positive words after the intervention. Also, there was a positive correlation between increased activation in the dmPFC and improvement of depressive symptoms. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between improvement of depressive symptoms and increased reaction times.ConclusionsBA increased dmPFC activation during other perspective self-referential processing with improvement of depressive symptoms and increased reaction times which were associated with improvement of self-monitoring function. Our results suggest that BA improved depressive symptoms and objective monitoring function for subthreshold depression.

Neural Basis of the Retrieval of People's Names: Evidence from Brain-Damaged Patients and fMRI

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tsukiura ◽  
Toshikatsu Fujii ◽  
Reiko Fukatsu ◽  
Taisuke Otsuki ◽  
Jiro Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Evidence

The aim of this study was to identify the neuroanatomical basis of the retrieval of people's names. Lesion data showed that patients with language-dominant temporal lobectomy had impairments in their ability to retrieve familiar and newly learned people's names, whereas patients with language-nondominant temporal lobectomy had difficulty retrieving newly learned people's names. Functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments revealed activations in the left temporal polar region during the retrieval of familiar and newly learned people's names, and in the right superior temporal and bilateral prefrontal cortices during the retrieval of newly learned information from face cues. These data provide new evidence that the left anterior temporal region is crucial for the retrieval of people's names irrespective of their familiarity and that the right superior temporal and bilateral prefrontal areas are crucial for the process of associating newly learned people's faces and names.

Coerced training of the nondominant hand resulting in cortical reorganization: a high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging study

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Nakada ◽  
Yukihiko Fujii ◽  
Ingrid L. Kwee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Field ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors investigated brain strategies associated with hand use in an attempt to clarify genetic and nongenetic factors influencing handedness by using high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods. Three groups of patients were studied. The first two groups comprised individuals in whom handedness developed spontaneously (right-handed and left-handed groups). The third group comprised individuals who were coercively trained to use the right hand and developed mixed handedness, referred to here as trained ambidexterity. All trained ambidextrous volunteers were certain that they were innately left-handed, but due to social pressure had modified their preferred hand use for certain tasks common to the right hand. Although right-handed and left-handed volunteers displayed virtually identical cortical activation, involving homologous cortex primarily located contralateral to the hand motion, trained ambidextrous volunteers exhibited a clearly unique activation pattern. During right-handed motion, motor areas in both hemispheres were activated in these volunteers. During left-handed motion, the right supplemental motor area and the right intermediate zone of the anterior cerebellar lobe were activated significantly more frequently than observed in naturally right-handed or left-handed volunteers. Conclusions. The results provide strong evidence that cortical organization of spontaneously developed right- and left-handedness involves homologous cortex primarily located contralateral to the hand motion, and this organization is likely to be prenatally determined. By contrast, coerced training of the nondominant hand during the early stages of an individual's development results in mixed handedness (trained ambidexterity), indicating cortical reorganization.

scholarly journals Aberrant Brain Functional Connectivity Strength and Effective Connectivity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xi Guo ◽  
Su Wang ◽  
Yu-Chen Chen ◽  
Heng-Le Wei ◽  
Gang-Ping Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Connectivity Strength ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
Connectivity Strength

Alterations of brain functional connectivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, but the underlying precise neuropathological mechanism remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the implicit alterations of functional connections in T2DM by integrating functional connectivity strength (FCS) and Granger causality analysis (GCA) and further exploring their associations with clinical characteristics. Sixty T2DM patients and thirty-three sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Global FCS analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed to explore seed regions with significant differences between the two groups; then, GCA was applied to detect directional effective connectivity (EC) between the seeds and other brain regions. Correlations of EC with clinical variables were further explored in T2DM patients. Compared with HC, T2DM patients showed lower FCS in the bilateral fusiform gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and right postcentral gyrus, but higher FCS in the right supplementary motor area (SMA). Moreover, altered directional EC was found between the left fusiform gyrus and bilateral lingual gyrus and right medial frontal gyrus (MFG), as well as between the right SFG and bilateral frontal regions. In addition, triglyceride, insulin, and plasma glucose levels were correlated with the abnormal EC of the left fusiform, while disease duration and cognitive function were associated with the abnormal EC of the right SFG in T2DM patients. These results suggest that T2DM patients show aberrant brain function connectivity strength and effective connectivity which is associated with the diabetes-related metabolic characteristics, disease duration, and cognitive function, providing further insights into the complex neural basis of diabetes.

scholarly journals Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Functional Connectivity Density Mapping in Patients With Optic Neuritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Song ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Mei-Xia Ren ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Ting Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Connectivity Density ◽  
The Right

Background: Using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), we investigated alternations in spontaneous brain activities reflected by functional connectivity density (FCD) in patients with optic neuritis (ON).Methods: We enrolled 28 patients with ON (18 males, 10 females) and 24 healthy controls (HCs; 16 males, 8 females). All subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a quiet state to determine the values of rsFC, long-range FCD (longFCD), and short-range FCD (IFCD). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to distinguish patients from HCs.Results: The ON group exhibited obviously lower longFCD values in the left inferior frontal gyrus triangle, the right precuneus and the right anterior cingulate, and paracingulate gyri/median cingulate and paracingulate gyri. The left median cingulate and paracingulate gyri and supplementary motor area (SMA) were also significantly lower. Obviously reduced IFCD values were observed in the left middle temporal gyrus/angular gyrus/SMA and right cuneus/SMA compared with HCs.Conclusion: Abnormal neural activities were found in specific brain regions in patients with ON. Specifically, they showed significant changes in rsFC, longFCD, and IFCD values. These may be useful to identify the specific mechanism of change in brain function in ON.

The selective contribution of the right cerebellar lobule VI to reading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hehui Li ◽  
Rebecca A. Marks ◽  
Lanfang Liu ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Hejing Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Viewing Condition ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Passive Viewing ◽  
The Right

Extensive studies have reported significant cerebellar activation during reading tasks. However, it is still unclear which regions in the cerebellum are specifically involved in reading and what this involvement entails. With functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared Chinese-English bilingual children’s cerebellar neural activity between reading and non-reading conditions and between Chinese characters and English words in a passive viewing paradigm. We observed that the posterior part of the right lobule VI showed greater activation in the reading compared to non-reading tasks. Reading specificity index was significantly in this region. Functional decoding via Neurosynth further showed that this region was responsible for phonological processing and connected with the cerebral reading areas. These results suggest that the posterior part of the right lobule VI might be a reading-selective region in the cerebellum. However, we did not observe any significantly separable activation patterns in the cerebellum between Chinese characters and English words, indicating that the region preferentially responding to reading may not be able to differentiate scripts in a passive viewing condition. In general, these findings deepen our understanding of how the cerebellum contributes to reading.

scholarly journals A pilot study of the effects of running training on visuospatial memory in MS: A stronger functional embedding of the hippocampus in the default-mode network?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1594-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijn Huiskamp ◽  
Lousin Moumdjian ◽  
Paul van Asch ◽  
Veronica Popescu ◽  
Menno Michiel Schoonheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Visuospatial Memory ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Running Training ◽  
Default Mode

Background/objective: Endurance exercise can improve memory function in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), but the effects on hippocampal functioning are currently unknown. We investigated the effects of a running intervention on memory and hippocampal functional connectivity in pwMS. Methods/results: Memory and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected in a running intervention ( n = 15) and waitlist group ( n = 14). Visuospatial memory improvement was correlated to increased connectivity between the hippocampus and the default-mode network (DMN) in the intervention group only. Conclusion: As a result of endurance exercise, improvements in visuospatial memory may be mediated by a stronger functional embedding of the hippocampus in the DMN.

scholarly journals A novel resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signature of resilience to recurrent depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Workman ◽  
K. E. Lythe ◽  
S. McKie ◽  
J. Moll ◽  
J. A. Gethin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Seed Region ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

BackgroundA high proportion of patients with remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) will experience recurring episodes, whilst some develop resilience and remain in recovery. The neural basis of resilience to recurrence is elusive. Abnormal resting-state connectivity of the subgenual cingulate cortex (sgACC) was previously found in cross-sectional studies of MDD, suggesting its potential pathophysiological importance. The current study aimed to investigate whether resting-state connectivity to a left sgACC seed region distinguishes resilient patients from those developing recurring episodes.MethodA total of 47 medication-free remitted MDD patients and 38 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at baseline. Over 14 months, 30 patients remained resilient whilst 17 experienced a recurring episode.ResultsAttenuated interhemispheric left-to-right sgACC connectivity distinguished the resilient from the recurring-episode and control groups and was not correlated with residual depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe current study revealed a neural signature of resilience to recurrence in MDD and thereby elucidates the role of compensatory adaptation in sgACC networks.

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