scholarly journals Time for a shift in focus in schizophrenia: From narrow phenotypes to broad endophenotypes

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Weiser ◽  
Jim van Os ◽  
Michael Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Social Impairments ◽  
Biological Explanation ◽  
Biological Substrate ◽  
The One

SummaryMany manifestations of mental illness, risk factors, course and even response to treatment are shared by several diagnostic groups. For example, cognitive and social impairments are present to some degree in most DSM and ICD diagnostic groups. The idea that diagnostic boundaries of mental illness, including schizophrenia, have to be redefined is reinforced by recent findings indicating that on the one hand multiple genetic factors, each exerting a small effect, come together to manifest as schizophrenia, and on the other hand, depending on interaction with the environment, the same genetic variations can present as diverse clinical phenotypes. Rather than attempting to find a unitary biological explanation for a DSM construct of schizophrenia, it would be reasonable to deconstruct it into the most basic manifestations, some of which are common with other DSM constructs, such as cognitive or social impairment, and then investigate the biological substrate of these manifestations.

scholarly journals Soldati e neuropsichiatria nell'Italia della Grande Guerra

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Romano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Psychiatry ◽  
Constant Tension ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The One ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship

Against the backdrop of a critical reflection on the psychiatric concepts of organicism and predisposition to mental illness, the research investigates the relationship between psychiatry and the Great War from a perspective that considers the complexity of the orientations assumed by both the Italian alienists on war pathologies and the health practices implemented towards soldiers. The study highlights the comparison/clash between two totally different approaches forced to coexist during the conflict: on one side, the one from military psychiatry, and on the other the distinctive one from civil asylums. The two perspectives were not always clearly separated, but it is possible to detect a constant tension between the duties towards the war effort and the professional ethics dictated by the neuropsychiatric discipline.

Part II The New EU Prospectus Rules, 12 The Summary and Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Have Robert ten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Member States ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
The One

This chapter addresses the prospectus summary and risk factors. Based on the aim of the new Prospectus Regulation to further harmonize prospectuses across Member States, the new format for the summary is highly prescriptive and standardized, with a strong focus on accessibility. The summary format includes the entitlement of the sub-sections in the form of questions. A separate Commission delegated regulation contains regulatory technical standards to specify the content and format of presentation of the key financial information to be included in the summary. From an issuer's perspective, when drawing up the prospectus, there may be a tension between on the one hand the (new) requirement that the summary shall be ‘accurate, fair and not misleading’, and on the other that the summary needs to be ‘concise’ and is bound to a maximum length. In addition, the new Prospectus Regulation applies an overall cap of 15 for the number of risk factors that may be included in the summary. In view of the maximum length requirement and the capped number of risk factors, issuers and their advisers will need to make choices as to what to include or not include in the summary, which may bring concerns about ensuing liability.

Entscheidungsorientierte Steuerung der Personalinformationen

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Mönkediek ◽  
Norbert Zdrowomyslaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
The Other ◽  
Know How ◽  
Competitive Capabilities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Mitarbeiter sind zwar Kostenfaktor und Risikofaktor jedes Unternehmens, aber vor allem auch Leistungs-, Kreativ- und Wertschöpfungsfaktor. Legt man zugrunde, dass Humankapital und Wissen als zentrale Eckpfeiler der Innovations- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu werten sind, ist die entscheidungsorientierte Steuerung von Personalinformationen geradezu ein Muss für eine zukunftsorientierte Unternehmensentwicklung. Kenngrößen sollten Intuition und Erfahrung von Unternehmern sowie Führungskräften bei der Entscheidungsfindung und Entscheidungsdurchsetzung unterstützen. Dabei ist zweierlei zu bedenken: Zum einen sind unternehmensspezifische Bedürfnisse in das Berichtswesen und das Kennzahlencockpit zu integrieren und zum anderen bedeutet die Umsetzung von Personalmaßnahmen vor allem auch Transparenz zu schaffen und Kommunikation zu pflegen. Employees are considered as cost and risk factors but most importantly represent creative and value adding potential for companies. Since personnel and know-how are cornerstones of the company´s innovative and competitive capabilities, utilization of relevant personnel information is absolutely essential for a future orientated development of companies. Key performance indicators support intuition and experience of entrepreneurs and managers in decision making. While doing so company specific needs have to be taken into account in designing reporting and data cockpits on the one hand. On the other hand implementation of personnel related activities always demands transparency as well as timely and continuous communication. Keywords: views, verhaltenssteuerung, querys, personalcontrolling, datenanalyse

scholarly journals Not as Straight-Forward as that It’s Just ‘An Added Fuss’ – Untangling How Indian Psychiatrists Construe Domestic Human Rights Legislation

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-91
Author(s):  
Alena Kahle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

After its ratification of the 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (UNCRPD), the Indian government proceeded to work through a list of laws from various fields – employment, housing, healthcare, personal status – that would need to be amended to guarantee the rights in the UNCRPD. Regarding the healthcare of persons with mental illness, the law-drafters deemed it insufficient to merely amend the existing law and proceeded to draft a new, innovative mental healthcare law. When the Mental Healthcare Act (MHA) was passed in 2017, responses were strongly polarised: On the one hand, it was lauded for staying true to the vision of the UNCRPD (Duffy & Kelly, 2019), while on the other hand, especially psychiatrists heavily criticised that they anticipated the law would adversely affect their ability to treat patients

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF ENGINEERING PROJECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 348-361
Author(s):  
Ing. Jan Lhota ◽  
Theodor Beran
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The One ◽  
Engineering Projects

Engineering or product development is one of the most important parts of the automotive industry because the development phase could be adjusted a lot of technical and economic parameters. Most of the engineering companies want to achieve better profit and sales, but in our globalized and digitalized world is this goal the more and more difficult to achieve. With the development of computers, on the one hand, the processes associated with project evaluation and the ability to manage them effectively have been simplified, but on the other hand, the Internet network creates a virtual space where activities with long-distance can be carried out quickly and efficiently. This pressure on engineering companies and their competitiveness are greatly jeopardized. For this reason, it is important to focus on the characteristics of project management plans and the possibilities of eliminating risk factors.

scholarly journals Enfermedades cardiovasculares: problema de salud en las mujeres

2010 ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
María José Cao Torija ◽  
María José Castro Alija ◽  
Magdalena Santo Tomás Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The One

Planteamos en el presente artículo una revisión de la incidencia, los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular, y manifestaciones diferenciales de estas enfermedades entre mujeres y hombres por una parte desde el punto de vista biológico y por otra, y generalmente más olvidada desde el punto de vista del género, entendido como construcción social de lo femenino y lo masculino y poder así elaborar algunas conclusiones respecto a la prevención en general y específicamente en las mujeres.<br /><br />We propose in this article a review of the incidence, major cardiovascular risk factors, and differential signs of these diseases between women and men, on the one hand from the biological point of view and, on the other hand, and more generally neglected, from the point of view of the gender, understood as a social construction of the feminine and the masculine, and thus be able to draw some conclusions about prevention in general and specifically in women.<br /><br />

Chromosome Examination of Male Patients in a Psychiatric Hospital

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Hospital Population ◽  
The One

The present study has been made with the purpose of studying the frequency of chromosome aberrations in a male psychiatric hospital population, especially in order to look for possible associations between minor chromosome aberrations such as variations in short arms or satellites in D or G chromosomes as well as in Y length on the one hand and mental illness and criminality on the other.

An Example of Similar Mental Disorder in Identical Twins

1946 ◽  
Vol 92 (389) ◽  
pp. 817-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One

The following two case-records furnish an interesting example of similar mental illness occurring in identical twins, in which, however, in the one case the illness had come on endogenously, whereas in the other there was an apparent precipitating cause. Their age when seen was 25 years.

scholarly journals A case for psychosocial interventions to prevent mental illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
Tom K. J. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Targeted Intervention ◽  
Psychosocial Conditions ◽  
The Many

SUMMARYThe development of effective preventions for psychosis is hindered by conceptual challenges underlying diagnosis and the fact that few of the many biological risk factors identified to date are sufficiently well understood to form the basis of a targeted intervention. On the other hand, a great deal is known of the psychosocial conditions that increase the lifetime risk of most mental illnesses: surely enough to justify better resourcing of interventions focused on antenatal care and the emotional well-being of children from the early years through adolescence, where as much as a half of all mental ill health has its roots.DECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.

Do Measures of Posttrauma Factors Better Explain PTSD Severity Than Pretrauma Factors? An Empirical Reply to Ogle et al. (2016)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. van der Velden ◽  
Leontien M. van der Knaap
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Trauma Memory ◽  
The One ◽  
Ptsd Symptomatology ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Potential Content

Ogle, Rubin, and Siegler (2016) concluded that postevent risk factors account for PTSD symptomatology much better than pretrauma factors. However, in their study several postevent predictors such as involuntary recall and physical reactions to trauma memory were related to and assessed simultaneously with PTSD symptomatology. Removing content-related items from the PTSD measure would, according to the authors, ensure that results were not being driven by potential content overlap. In the present prospective study ( N = 887) we test their assumption that removing such items prevents that results are overlap driven. Correlational and multiple regression analyses showed that the associations between pre-event mental health and neuroticism on the one side and PTSD symptomatology on the other were equal regardless of if and which symptom cluster of PTSD was removed from our PTSD measure. Based on these findings we conclude that Ogle et al.’s assumption needs to be rejected.

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