scholarly journals Postmenopausal Dense Breasts Maintain Premenopausal Levels of GH and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 1617-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Dabrosin ◽  
Charlotta Dabrosin
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Normal Breast Tissue ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Dense Breast ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Dense Breast Tissue ◽  
Dense Breasts

Abstract Context Dense breast tissue is associated with 4 to 6 times higher risk of breast cancer by poorly understood mechanisms. No preventive therapy for this high-risk group is available. After menopause, breast density decreases due to involution of the mammary gland. In dense breast tissue, this process is haltered by undetermined biological actions. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like binding proteins (IGFBPs) play major roles in normal mammary gland development, but their roles in maintaining breast density are unknown. Objective To reveal in vivo levels of GH, IGFBPs, and other pro-tumorigenic proteins in the extracellular microenvironment in breast cancer, in normal breast tissue with various breast density in postmenopausal women, and premenopausal breasts. We also sought to determine possible correlations between these determinants. Setting and Design Microdialysis was used to collect extracellular in vivo proteins intratumorally from breast cancers before surgery and from normal human breast tissue from premenopausal women and postmenopausal women with mammographic dense or nondense breasts. Results Estrogen receptor positive breast cancers exhibited increased extracellular GH (P < .01). Dense breasts of postmenopausal women exhibited similar levels of GH as premenopausal breasts and significantly higher levels than in nondense breasts (P < .001). Similar results were found for IGFBP-1, -2, -3, and -7 (P < .01) and for IGFBP-6 (P <.05). Strong positive correlations were revealed between GH and IGFBPs and pro-tumorigenic matrix metalloproteinases, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 8, and vascular endothelial growth factor in normal breast tissue. Conclusions GH pathways may be targetable for cancer prevention therapeutics in postmenopausal women with dense breast tissue.

scholarly journals Dense breast tissue in postmenopausal women is associated with a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e1229723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelie Abrahamsson ◽  
Anna Rzepecka ◽  
Thobias Romu ◽  
Magnus Borga ◽  
Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Dense Breast ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Dense Breast Tissue

scholarly journals Platelet Activation In Situ in Breasts at High Risk of Cancer: Relationship with Mammographic Density and Estradiol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofija Mijic ◽  
Charlotta Dabrosin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Dense Breast Tissue ◽  
Dense Breasts ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins

Abstract Context High mammographic density in postmenopausal women is an independent risk factor for breast cancer by undetermined mechanisms. No preventive therapy for this risk group is available. Activated platelets release growth factors that modulate the microenvironment into a protumorigenic state. Estrogens may affect the risk of breast cancer and platelet function. Whether platelets are activated in situ in breast cancer or in normal breast tissue at high risk of breast cancer and the association to estradiol remains elusive. Objective To investigate whether platelets are activated in situ in breast cancers and in dense breast tissue of postmenopausal women and explore correlations between estradiol, released platelet factors, and inflammatory proteins. Setting and design Sampling of in vivo proteins was performed using microdialysis in a total of 71 women: 10 with breast cancer, 42 healthy postmenopausal women with different breast densities, and 19 premenopausal women. Results Our data demonstrate increased levels of coagulation factors in dense breast tissue similar to that found in breast cancers, indicating excessive platelet activation. Premenopausal breasts exhibited similar levels of coagulation factors as postmenopausal dense breasts. Out of 13 coagulations factors that were upregulated in dense breasts, 5 exhibited significant correlations with estradiol, both locally in the breast and systemically. In breast tissue, positive correlations between coagulation factors and key inflammatory proteins and matrix metalloproteinases were detected. Conclusions Breast density, not estradiol, is the major determinant of local platelet activation. Inactivation of platelets may be a therapeutic strategy for cancer prevention in postmenopausal women with dense breasts.

scholarly journals Downregulation of tumor suppressive microRNAs in vivo in dense breast tissue of postmenopausal women

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (54) ◽  
pp. 92134-92142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelie Abrahamsson ◽  
Alessandra Capodanno ◽  
Anna Rzepecka ◽  
Charlotta Dabrosin
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Dense Breast ◽  
Dense Breast Tissue

A prospective study of an AI-based breast cancer screening solution for resource-constrained settings.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13586-e13586
Author(s):  
Richa Bansal ◽  
Bharat Aggarwal ◽  
Lakshmi Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Dense Breast ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Dense Breast Tissue ◽  
Dense Breasts ◽  
Low Sensitivity

e13586 Background: Screening mammography is often found to have low sensitivity in women with high density breast tissues. Alternate modalities of breast USG and MRI require high-quality expensive equipment making the regular screening with these modalities less affordable and accessible, particularly in resource-constrained settings This study evaluates the clinical performance of an AI-based test (Thermalytix) that uses machine learning on breast thermal images which could potentially be a low-cost solution for breast screening in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: The prospective comparative study conducted from December 2018 to January 2020 evaluated the performance of Thermalytix in women with dense and non-dense breast tissue who presented for a health check-up at a hospital. All women underwent Thermalytix and mammography. Further investigations were recommended for participants who were reported as positive on either test. Sensitivity and specificity of Thermalytix were evaluated across age-groups, menopausal status, and breast densities. Results: Among the 687 women recruited for the study, 459 women who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. 168 women had ACR categories ‘c’ or ‘d’ dense breasts, of which 37 women had an inconclusive mammography report (BI-RADS 0). Overall, 21 women were detected with breast cancer in the study. Thermalytix demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 95.2% (95% CI, 76.1-99·9) and a specificity of 88.6% (95% CI, 85.2-91.4). Among women with dense breast tissue (n=168), Thermalytix showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 69.2-100) and a specificity of 81.7% (95% CI, 74.7-87.4). In women with ACR categories ‘c’ and ‘d’ dense breasts, mammography reported 22% of them as inconclusive (BI-RAD 0), while in the same sub-set of the population Thermalytix demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%. Conclusions: The AI-based Thermalytix demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the study cohort. It also fared well in women younger than 50 years and pre-menopausal women where routine mammography screening yields low sensitivity. Overall, this study introduces Thermalytix, a promising radiation-free, automated, and privacy-aware test that can supplement mammography for routine screening of women, especially in women with dense breast tissue, and has the potential to influence the clinical practice in LMICs by making breast cancer screening portable and affordable. Performance of Thermalytix and mammography in women with high breast densities (ACR categories ‘c’ and ‘d’ breasts). Clinical trial information: NCT04688086. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Effects of breast density and compression on normal breast tissue hemodynamics through breast tomosynthesis guided near-infrared spectral tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 091316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E. Michaelsen ◽  
Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy ◽  
Linxi Shi ◽  
Srinivasan Vedantham ◽  
Andrew Karellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Density ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Normal Breast Tissue ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Breast Tomosynthesis ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Spectral Tomography

Screening Ultrasound for Women with Dense Breasts in the Age of Patient-centered Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Stamatia Destounis ◽  
Andrea Arieno ◽  
Amanda Santacroce
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Patient Centered Care ◽  
Dense Breast ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Dense Breast Tissue ◽  
Dense Breasts ◽  
Centered Care

As the field of medicine moves toward practicing patient-centered care, radiologists in breast imaging must continue to look for ways to increase the value of their practice in the eyes of patients. Providing adjunct screening of women with dense breasts provides such an opportunity. The presence of dense breast tissue is not only an independent risk factor for breast cancer but also a risk factor for the delayed diagnosis of breast cancer as dense tissue reduces the efficacy of screening mammograms due to the tissue masking effect. As legislation for notifying women of their breast density becomes commonplace, both women and referring physicians need to understand the risks of dense breast tissue as well as the benefits of additional screening affords. Breast radiologists can become integral to their patients’ care team by offering education to both referring providers and patients on the topic of dense breasts and supplemental screening solutions, such as screening breast ultrasound, which has been shown to have benefit in overcoming mammography’s shortcomings in this demographic of women.

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