scholarly journals An Evaluation Method for Suppression of Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum by Soil Microorganisms Using the Dilution Plate Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-184
Author(s):  
Masahiro Mitsuboshi ◽  
Yuuzou Kioka ◽  
Katsunori Noguchi ◽  
Susumu Asakawa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Plate Technique

scholarly journals KEEFEKTIFAN FORMULA MINYAK CENGKEH DAN SERAI WANGI TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae PENYEBAB BUSUK BATANG VANILI

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
MESAK TOMBE ◽  
DARMAWAN PANGERAN ◽  
TRI SAPTARI HARYANI
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Green House ◽  
Microorganism Population

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Busuk batang vanili (BBV) yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium<br />oxysporum f.sp. vanillae (Fov) merupakan patogen penting pada vanili dan<br />menyebabkan kerugian besar setiap tahunnya di Indonesia. Jumlah<br />kerugian diperkirakan sebesar 3.000 ton atau sekitar US$ 16 juta.<br />Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kaca Kelti Hama dan<br />Penyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada bulan<br />Februari 2010 sampai Agustus 2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk<br />mengetahui pengaruh formula dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan<br />serai wangi terhadap penyakit BBV dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan<br />mikroorganisme tanah. Dalam pelaksanaannya, kegiatan penelitian dilaku-<br />kan dalam 3 tahap yaitu : (1) uji formula in vitro, (2) uji formula in vivo,<br />dan (3) uji dampak formula terhadap mikroorganisme tanah. Percobaan<br />tahap 1, 2, dan 3 masing-masing terdiri atas 10, 6, dan 6 perlakuan,<br />dan.masing-masing disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan<br />3 ulangan. Materi yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) formula<br />dengan bahan aktif minyak cengkeh (formula standar), (2) formula dengan<br />bahan aktif minyak cengkeh dan serai wangi (formula baru), dan (3)<br />fungisida sintetis berbahan aktif mankozeb sebagai pembanding. Hasil uji<br />in vitro menunjukkan bahwa fungisida nabati CS (minyak cengkeh + serai<br />wangi) pada ke 3 tingkatan konsentrasi (terutama konsentrasi 400 ppm)<br />memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan<br />miselium dan produksi spora patogen Fov.F117 dibandingkan perlakuan<br />lain dan kontrol. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan hal yang sama bahwa<br />fungisida nabati CS memperlihatkan efektivitas yang tinggi dalam<br />menekan intensitas serangan patogen BBV, terutama pada dosis aplikasi 5<br />ml/l. Dampak perlakuan terhadap kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah (fungi<br />dan bakteri) memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida sintetis<br />mankozeb menghambat kehidupan mikroorganisme tanah 90-100% jika<br />dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Populasi mikroorganisme tanah pada semua<br />perlakuan fungisida nabati lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan fungisida<br />mankozeb. Populasi mikroorganisme pada aplikasi fungisida nabati pada<br />dosis 5 ml/l tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Penelitian ini<br />menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fungisida nabati minyak cengkeh<br />terutama jika dikombinasikan dengan minyak serai wangi mempunyai<br />prospek untuk digunakan dalam pengendalian penyakit BBV dengan<br />interval aplikasi 3-4 minggu sekali.<br />Kata kunci : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp, vanillae, busuk<br />batang vanili, minyak cengkeh, minyak serai wangi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Vanilla stem rot (VSR) disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.<br />vanillae (Fov) is an important disease on vanilla and causes severe loss<br />annually in Indonesia. The total annual loss in production due to the VSR<br />was estimated to be 3,000 ton or about US$ 16 million. This research was<br />carried out in the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease of<br />Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from February<br />2010 until August 2010. The objective of this research was to study the<br />effect of formula using active compounds of clove and citronella oils on<br />the VSR disease and its impact on the survival of soil microorganisms.<br />The research activities were conducted in three stages, namely (1) in vitro<br />formula test; (2) in vivo formula test, and (3) impact test of formula on the<br />soil microorganisms. Materials studied in this research were (1) formula<br />with active compound of clove oil (standard), (2) formula with active<br />compound of clove and citronella oils (new formula), and (3) synthetic<br />fungicide with mancozeb active ingredient as comparison. Every phase of<br />this 3 stage experiment was arranged using completely randomized design<br />with three replicates. First, second, and third phases of the experiment<br />consisted of 10, 6, and 6 treatments, respectively. In vitro test results<br />carried out in the laboratory indicated that botanical formula CS (clove and<br />citronella oils of the three concentration levels, especially on the 400 ppm)<br />showed high effectiveness on inhibiting mycelium growth and spore<br />production of Fov.F117 pathogen compared to other treatments and<br />control. In vivo test in the green house indicated the same result that<br />botanical fungicide CS (clove dan citronella oils) showed high<br />effectiveness in suppressing VSR disease infection intensity, especially on<br />5 ml/l dosage. Application of mancozeb synthetic fungicide inhibited 90 –<br />100% soil microorganism livelihood compared to control. However, the<br />soil microorganism population on all botanical fungicides was higher than<br />on mancozeb fungicide. The microorganism population on the botanical<br />fungicide of 5 ml/l dosage was not significantly different from the control<br />(natural soil with no treatment). This research indicates that aplication of<br />botanical fungicide (combination between clove and citronella oils) with<br />3 - 4 weeks interval is prospectous to control VSR disease.<br />Key words : Vanilla planifolia, Fusarium oxysporum, f.sp. vanillae,<br />vanilla stem rot, clove oil, citronella oil</p>

The rhizosphere effect shown by some Victorian heathland plants

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
LB Thrower
Keyword(s):  
Native Plants ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Rhizosphere Effect ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Plate Technique ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Dry Soil

During the period July 1951 to October 1952, a study was made of the fungai population of the soil of a TVictorian heathland with reference to the rhizosphere effect exerted by five species of native plants growing there. Some 45 genera of fungi with 115 species were isolated; of these, 52 species were obtained from the free soil and the rhizosphere, 25 from the soil only, 27 from the rhizosphere, and 11 species were isolated only from dung. During this period, the numbers of fungal propagules in the free soil, estimated by the dilution-plate technique, varied from 68,500 to 247,600 per gram of oven-dry soil; R/S ratios of 0.6–9.7 were recorded. A study has been made of the antibiotic and cellulose-decomposing activities, and the nutritional requirements, of the mycoflora. Examination of the soil for N-fixing organisms showed that Azotobacter and acid-tolerant aerobes were absent; anaerobes were present in small numbers.

scholarly journals Physiological properties of resistance strain Fusarium oxysporum

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Bulanov ◽  
◽  
Anton A. Shagaev ◽  
Alexey A. Belov ◽  
Nikolay S. Markvichev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
The Common ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

Soil microorganisms have a significant effect on microbiological cenosis. Such communities are called the root micro-flora of the plant. All organisms in the microflora are divided into two groups: rhizoplane, living directly on the root system of the plant, and rhizosphere, developing in the root area of the plant. The intensive population of the root and root zones of a plant is primarily associated with the release (exosmosome) of organic substances or exudates formed during the life of the plant. The plant microflora includes not only symbiotic and commensalithic types of interaction, but also parasitic forms. Parasitic pathogens are divided into two groups: pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms are in a latent state and have an effect only when certain conditions arise for their activation and development. Such conditions may include changes in temperature, humidity, disturbance of plant homeostasis, or damage to the integument. Pathogenic microorganisms, by contrast, are always active and infect the host organism upon contact. The pathogenicity of a microorganism is a complex of traits that adversely affect the health of the plant, cause various pathologies, leading to growth inhibition and partial inhibition of the development or complete destruction of the culture. The pathogenic properties of the Fusarium oxysporum culture F201 were investigated against the cucumber culture by Atlet F1. It was shown the phytopathogenic microorganisms Fusarium oxysporum has acquired signs of resistance without lost her aggressiveness properties against a plant. Fusarium oxysporum quite comparable with the common strain.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Soil Mycoflora in the Upland and Lowland Soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
I. Y. Tafinta ◽  
K. Sheh ◽  
H. M. Maishanu ◽  
S. S. Noma ◽  
S. A. Yusif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Cotton Blue

A total of 14 different fungal species belonging to 7 genera were isolated from the upland and lowland soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, between October to December, 2015. The mycoflora were isolated using dilution plate technique on Potato dextrose agar amended by 1% streptomycin. Identification was made microscopically using the lacto-phenol cotton blue method and macroscopically by comparing the cultural and morphological features with the help of authentic fungal manual and taxonomic key. The identified species are; Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, Alternaria longifes, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. mangifera, Rhizopus stolonifer, R. orizae, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichophytum quallinum. The highest number of fungi (50 isolates) were obtained from lowland uncultivated soils (D), followed by the upland uncultivated soils (B) with about 34 strains, and the least (22 isolates) were obtained from upland cultivated soils (A) out of the total 132 isolates. Variations between sites were statistically analyzed.

SOIL MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH FLAX ROOTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Peterson ◽  
J. W. Rouatt
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Generic Composition ◽  
Disease Free

The root microflora of Bison flax, resistant to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. lini, was compared with that of the wilt-susceptible variety Novelty. Plants grown in "disease-free" soil show that the susceptible variety harbors not only the most numerous, but also the most metabolically active bacterial flora on its roots. Generic classification of bacterial isolates shows a higher incidence of more active organisms, represented by Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium on roots of the susceptible crop, whereas the more slowly growing pleomorphic types such as Arthrobacter were most abundant on roots of the resistant variety. Fungi were also more numerous on roots of the susceptible crop, but the generic composition of rhizosphere populations of both varieties was similar to that of the soil itself. Fusarium oxysporum dominated the flora occurring in an active mycelial state on roots of the susceptible variety, whereas F. oxysporum and Phoma sp. were codominants in the active flora of the resistant crop. Tests with other soils showed that dominance of specific genera varies with soil type. The results indicate a selective action on the root microflora, particularly the bacteria, and suggest both quantitative and qualitative differences in root environments of the two flax varieties.

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