scholarly journals Emperors, admirals and giants, zebras, tigers and woolly bears: casting a broader net in exploring heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1842
Author(s):  
Andrei Sourakov
Keyword(s):  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Junonia Coenia ◽  
Utetheisa Ornatrix ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
First Results ◽  
Tiger Moths ◽  
Vanessa Atalanta ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Made In

Background: Studies of heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns have been restricted to a small number of species. I report observations from experiments on a broader range of taxa, including first results from swallowtails, tiger moths and microlepidoptera. Methods: Heparin injections were made in prepupae and pupae of Junonia coenia (common buckeyes), Agraulis vanillae (gulf fritillaries), Heliconius charithonia (zebra longwings), Asterocampa clyton (tawny emperors), Danaus plexippus (monarchs), Vanessa atalanta (red admirals); Heraclides cresphontes (giant swallowtails), Pterourus troilus (spicebush swallowtails), Protographium marcellus (zebra swallowtails), Battus polydamas (polydamas swallowtails); Hypercompe scribonia (giant leopard moths), Estigmene acrea (acrea moths), Hyphantria cunea (fall webworm moths), Utetheisa ornatrix (ornate bella moths); Glyphodes sibillalis (mulberry leaftier). Results: Heparin sometimes altered the entire pattern in a dramatic way, sometimes caused changes locally. In buckeyes, the previous heparin study conducted on pupae was compared to injections made at a prepupal stage. In gulf fritillaries, zebra longwings and tawny emperors, the dramatic changes occurred throughout their wings, while in monarchs, changes were restricted to wing margins. Changes achieved in red admirals, show that heparin action is unrelated to the original color. In swallowtails, transformations were restricted to border system, indicating higher levels of stability and compartmentalization of wing patterns. In mulberry leaftier, changes were restricted to the marginal bands. In tiger moths, elongation of black markings led to merging of spots; in the ornate bella moth, it was accompanied by an expansion of the surrounding white bands, and results were compared to the effects of colder temperatures. Conclusions: Using pharmaceutical intervention demonstrates that there are many similarities and some very significant differences in the ways wing patterns are formed in different Lepidoptera lineages. By creating a range of variation one can demonstrate how one pattern can easily evolve into another, aiding in understanding of speciation and adaptation processes.

scholarly journals Emperors, admirals and giants, zebras, tigers and woolly bears: casting a broader net in exploring heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1842
Author(s):  
Andrei Sourakov
Keyword(s):  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Junonia Coenia ◽  
Utetheisa Ornatrix ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
First Results ◽  
Tiger Moths ◽  
Vanessa Atalanta ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Made In

Background: Studies of heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns have been restricted to a small number of species. I report observations from experiments on a broader range of taxa, including first results from swallowtails, tiger moths and microlepidoptera. Methods: Heparin injections were made in prepupae and pupae of Junonia coenia (common buckeyes), Agraulis vanillae (gulf fritillaries), Heliconius charithonia (zebra longwings), Asterocampa clyton (tawny emperors), Danaus plexippus (monarchs), Vanessa atalanta (red admirals); Heraclides cresphontes (giant swallowtails), Pterourus troilus (spicebush swallowtails), Protographium marcellus (zebra swallowtails), Battus polydamas (polydamas swallowtails); Hypercompe scribonia (giant leopard moths), Estigmene acrea (acrea moths), Hyphantria cunea (fall webworm moths), Utetheisa ornatrix (ornate bella moths); Glyphodes sibillalis (mulberry leaftier). Results: Heparin sometimes altered the entire pattern in a dramatic way, sometimes caused changes locally. In buckeyes, the previous heparin study conducted on pupae was compared to injections made at a prepupal stage. In gulf fritillaries, zebra longwings and tawny emperors, the dramatic changes occurred throughout their wings, while in monarchs, changes were restricted to wing margins. Changes achieved in red admirals, show that heparin action is unrelated to the original color. In swallowtails, transformations were restricted to border system, indicating higher levels of stability and compartmentalization of wing patterns. In mulberry leaftier, changes were restricted to the marginal bands. In tiger moths, elongation of black markings led to merging of spots; in the ornate bella moth, it was accompanied by an expansion of the surrounding white bands, and results were compared to the effects of colder temperatures. Conclusions: Using pharmaceutical intervention demonstrates that there are many similarities and some very significant differences in the ways wing patterns are formed in different Lepidoptera lineages. By creating a range of variation one can demonstrate how one pattern can easily evolve into another, aiding in understanding of speciation and adaptation processes.

scholarly journals Leopards and giants, tigers and woolly bears: casting a broader net in exploring heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Sourakov
Keyword(s):  
Junonia Coenia ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
First Results ◽  
Tiger Moths ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Leopard Moth ◽  
Made In

Background: Studies of heparin effects on Lepidoptera wing patterns have been restricted to a small number of species. I report observations from experiments on a broader range of taxa, including first results from swallowtails, tiger moths and microlepidoptera. Methods: Heparin injections were made in prepupal and early pupal stages of the following species representing several Lepidoptera lineages: Junonia coenia, Agraulis vanillae, Asterocampa clyton (Nymphalidae); Heraclides cresphontes, Pterourus troilus, Eurytides marcellus (Papilionidae); Hypercompe scribonia, Estigmene acrea, Hyphantria cunea (Erebidae); and Glyphodes sibillalis (Crambidae). Heparin-induced changes in wing pattern are illustrated, and advantages of using prepupal vs. pupal stages for this type of pharmacological manipulation of wing patterns are discussed. Results: In buckeyes, heparin-induced changes consisted of loss of orange parafocal elements as marginal and submarginal bands shifted basally. In gulf fritillaries, changes in black and silver markings were similar to those found in wild aberrant individuals. In tawny emperor, intermediate and extreme levels of transformation were achieved, pointing to homology of this species’ unusual eyespots to those of other nymphalids. In swallowtails, heparin-induced changes were much more restricted and proved harder to achieve, possibly indicating higher levels of stability and compartmentalization of wing patterns in this butterfly family. In tiger moths, elongation of black markings occurred so that normally distinct spots sometimes merged; in leopard moth, these changes were restricted to areas adjacent to discal spot. In pyraloid moth, changes were mostly restricted to expansion of wing marginal bands and hindwing border. Conclusions: Variation in wing pattern response to heparin found between different species and families in this study warrants further taxonomic widening of exploration of wing pattern formation mechanisms in Lepidoptera. While there are many similarities, there also seem to be very significant differences in the ways wing patterns are formed in different families of butterflies and moths.

scholarly journals Is Grit the Key Element to Improve the Life Attitude? A Study with Military Students from Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Barni ◽  
Florencia Teresita Daura
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Military Students ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
National Defense University ◽  
First Results ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
Made In

The main goal of the study is to analyze the link between Grit and Life Attitude, and its relation with the permanence and academic performance of students from the National Defense University. This paper is mainly focused in the link between the first two constructs. Grit is defined as the passion and constancy to achieving goals, to resisting with effort and interest towards the challenges and difficulties, which is a leader’s attribute (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews y Kelly, 2007). Life Attitude based on the existential belief that life has a purpose, that persons draw meaning from a variety of sources: recreational and creative activities, personal relationships, achievements (Reker - Woo, 2011). A non-probabilistic sample was formed, for convenience, of 162 students; a sociodemographic questionnaire designed ad hoc; the Scale of Determination (Grit Scale) (Duckworth et al., 2007), which is in the process of validation (Tortul and Daura, in evaluation) and the Life Attitude Test (LAP-R (VE-AA)) in the Spanish adaptation of Barni (2017) were administered. Statistical analysis were made from the collected data, in order to corroborate if there were differences in the variables. The first results showed differences according to career and sociodemographic variables; the undergraduate students obtained higher scores in the positive dimensions of the LAP-R than in other researches made in the same geographical context. The work evidences data of interest in the training of defense professionals, for the decision making in the educational style necessary for an integral formation as a lifelong process.

Pore Etching in Compound Semiconductors for the Production of Photonic Crystals

2002 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Foell ◽  
Sergiu Langa ◽  
Juergen Carstensen ◽  
Marc Christophersen ◽  
Ivan Tiginyanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Perfect Crystal ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Ordered Arrays ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
First Results ◽  
Made In

AbstractOrdered arrays of pores in Si provided the first (two dimensional) photonic crystals with bandgaps in the μm region. The paper explores the potential of pore etching for two- and threedimensional photonic crystals in GaAs, InP, and GaP. A striking feature of pore etching in III-V semiconductors is the strong tendency to self-organization and pattern formation. As an example, self-organized well-defined pore lattices (a = 100 nm – 1 μm) can be made in InP. All materials show self organized diameter oscillations, often synchronized over large distances between pores. Extremely strong diameter oscillations are observed in GaAs. Pores in all materials tend to grow in <111> directions, but can be induced to grow in the direction of current flow, too. These features can be used to produce two- and three dimensional photonic crystals. The latter goal might be achieved by switching periodically between different pore morphologies with depth, or by modulating the diameter with depth - always helped by the tendency to self organization. Self organization, however, will not lead to perfect crystal structures; lithographically defined nucleation is needed and has been tried. First results show that there are pronounced differences to what is known from Si. While the production of externally defined photonic crystals in the sub μm region appears to be feasible, the strong tendency to self organization must be taken into account by matching internal time and length scales to the desired external ones.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Cancer with a Special Focus on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4344
Author(s):  
Eliane Ebnoether ◽  
Laurent Muller
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
First Results ◽  
Innovative Techniques ◽  
Made In

Exosomes are nanovesicles part of a recently described intercellular communication system. Their properties seem promising as a biomarker in cancer research, where more sensitive monitoring and therapeutic applications are desperately needed. In the case of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), overall survival often remains poor, although huge technological advancements in the treatment of this disease have been made. In the following review, diagnostic and therapeutic properties are highlighted and summarised. Impressive first results have been obtained but more research is needed to implement these innovative techniques into daily clinical routines.

Umrüstung von Güterwagen auf Rollgeräusch-reduzierende Bremstechniken bis zum Fahrplanwechsel 2020/2021/Retrofitting of freight wagons to rolling noise reducing braking technologies up to the timetable change 2020/2021

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
H. Brammer
Keyword(s):  
Noise Source ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Rail Freight ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Results ◽  
Rolling Noise ◽  
Made In ◽  
Freight Wagons

Das Rollgeräusch von Güterwagen ist die dominierende Schallquelle im Schienenverkehr. Durch den Einsatz von Verbundstoff-Bremsklotzsohlen anstatt von Grauguss-Bremsklotzsohlen wird das Rad weniger aufgeraut und das Rollgeräusch um ca. 10 dB reduziert – für das menschliche Ohr bedeutet dies etwa eine Halbierung des Lärms. Eine Reduktion des Rollgeräuschs der Güterwagenflotte führt zu einer flächendeckenden Lärmminderung entlang aller von Schienengüterverkehrslärm betroffenen Strecken. Anlässlich des ab dem 13.12.2020 wirksam werdenden Verbots des Betriebs lauter Güterwagen auf dem deutschen Schienennetz [1] wird in diesem Artikel der Fortschritt der Umrüstung der Bremsklotzsohlen seit der Zulassung der Verbundstoff-Bremsklotzsohlen im Schienengüterverkehr betrachtet. Die Maßnahmen zur Migration der Technologie in den Markt werden beschrieben. Ergebnisse der Evaluierung des Standes der Umrüstung wie auch Umrüstzahlen auf Basis des nationalen Fahrzeugregisters sowie erste Erkenntnisse aus dem vom BMVI initiierten und vom Eisenbahn-Bundesamt durchgeführten Lärm-Monitoring zur Entwicklung der Schallemissionen von Güterwagen werden präsentiert. &nbsp; Summary The rolling noise of freight wagons is the dominant noise source in rail traffic. By using composite brake blocks instead of cast iron brake blocks, the wheel is roughened less and the rolling noise is reduced by about 10 dB. A reduction of the rolling noise of freight wagons leads to a comprehensive noise reduction along all lines affected by rail freight traffic noise. On the occasion of the ban on the operation of noisy freight wagons on the German rail network [1], which will come into effect from 13.12.2020, this article examines the progress made in retrofitting of brake blocks since the approval of composite brake blocks in rail freight traffic. The measures to migrate the technology to the market are described. A result of the evaluation of the status of retrofitting as well as retrofitting figures based on the national vehicle register and first results of the noise monitoring initiated by the BMVI and carried out by the Federal Railway Authority on the development of noise emissions from freight wagons are presented.

EARLY REFLECTION SEISMOGRAPH EXPLORATION IN CALIFORNIA

Geophysics ◽  
1945 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Henry Salvatori
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Method ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
First Results ◽  
Geologic Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Well Data ◽  
Made In

The first major attempt to employ the reflection method in California was made in 1931. The first results were disappointing, but by the early part of 1932 a prospect near Merced was successfully mapped. The correlation method was found to have limited applicability and the dip method was generally adopted. Most of the early work was performed with wide spacing of stations and lines since very close control was not considered necessary to discover the larger structural features which were then of greatest interest. As a result of this early reflection work several important oil fields were discovered among which are the Wilmington and Rio Bravo fields. A brief history of the discovery of these two fields is given and the seismic maps are compared with the later geologic maps compiled from well data.

scholarly journals Simulating Disk Galaxies: First Results of a Systematical Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S235) ◽  
pp. 114-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Köckert ◽  
Matthias Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Disk Galaxies ◽  
Disk Formation ◽  
Numerical Resolution ◽  
First Results ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Current Paradigm ◽  
Made In

Simulating disk galaxies within the current paradigm of galaxy formation has been a long standing problem. In comparison with observations, the simulated disks were too small and too centrally concentrated, due to a large loss of angular momentum during formation. This is known as the angular momentum catastrophe (Navarro & Benz (1991)). Recently, some progress has been made in reducing this effect by changing the cosmology, including various feedback mechanisms, improving numerical resolution and carefully selecting initial conditions with a quiet merging history after z≈2. Unfortunately, it remains unclear which of these effects, or which combination, has resulted in more realistic disk formation. In order to address this problem, we conduct a systematical study using the N-body code GADGET2 (Springel (2005)). We adopt a flat ΛCDM cosmology with Ωm=0.3, ΩΛ=0.7, Ωbar=0.04 and h=0.65. Using a softening of 0.5 kpc we find disks with a very compact unresolved gas clump in the center and a thin, extended disk (R≈10kpc) of very low mass around it.

scholarly journals Biomarkers and Their Potential Use in Transplantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 219-268
Author(s):  
Rafails Rozentals ◽  
Jānis Jušinskis ◽  
Diana Amerika
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
First Results ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Made In

The article presents an overview of literature related to two topical issues in modern medicine: transplantation and biomarkers. There have been advances made in the use of immunoenzymometric and immunoadsorption assays in organ transplantation clinics for evaluating different situations. However, these methods fail to solve more complex and ambiguous transplantation problems: tolerance, personification of treatment, etc. In this regard, the first results of prospective studies using OMICS methods of genomics and proteinomics, in relation to the notion of transplantomics, are presented

scholarly journals Radiation driven planar foil instability and mix experiments at the AWE HELEN laser

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. V. Hansom ◽  
P. A. Rosen ◽  
T. J. Goldack ◽  
K. Oades ◽  
P. Fieldhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Absorption ◽  
Parylene C ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Results ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Point Projection ◽  
Absorption Features ◽  
Made In

This paper reviews recent developments and achievements in the program of planar foil instability experiments being performed at the AWE HELEN laser. Point projection Xray backlighting, with spectroscopy, is used to measure hydrodynamic mix in radiatively accelerated ablator/foil packages; the mix is identified in the experimental radiograph from the overlap of distinguishable spectral absorption features associated with each of the constituent materials.The first part of the paper describes the backlighting technique, and briefly summarizes progress made in the past two years, leading to the first results being obtained on a “high mix” Parylene-C ablator/molybdenum payload package. The second part considers the full analysis of one such ‘high mix’ shot (Shot 7772), describing how the spatial distribution of mix has been quantified and considering the various sources of error. Comparisons are made with both one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrocode simulations. Finally, various improvements and extensions to the experiment and codes are indicated.

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