scholarly journals Context and Aggregation: An Experimental Study of Bias and Discrimination in Organizational Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Christensen ◽  
Christian M. Dahl ◽  
Thorbjørn Knudsen ◽  
Massimo Warglien
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Organizational Economics ◽  
Structural Configuration ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Discrimination Capability ◽  
Organization Science

This paper addresses a notable gap at the intersection of organizational economics and organization science: how does organizational context influence aggregation of individual behavior in organizational decisions? Using basic centralized versus decentralized organizational structures as building blocks for our experimental design, we examine whether assignment of organizational positions, incentive schemes, and structural configuration induce endogenous adaptation in the form of change in reservation levels (bias) or modified discrimination capability in subjects’ behavior. We found that evaluators adapted their reservation and discrimination levels in centralized structures, whereas they did not generally adapt their reservation and discrimination levels when placed in decentralized structures. We identify mechanisms that explain these findings; explain how they influence aggregate, organizational behavior; and discuss implications for research and practice.

scholarly journals Comportamiento organizacional del gerente educativo en la participación comunitaria

Prohominum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Daniel Arturo Zea-Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
Palabras Clave

La gerencia de una institución educativa conlleva un conjunto de habilidades directivas orientadas a planificar, organizar, coordinar y evaluar la gestión estratégica de aquellas actividades necesarias para alcanzar eficacia pedagógica, eficiencia administrativa, efectividad comunitaria y trascendencia cultural. Por ello, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento del gerente educativo en el contexto organizacional de la participación comunitaria. La investigación se fundamentó metodológicamente en el paradigma positivista, con un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño documental de tipo descriptivo. Se utilizó como técnica de recolección de datos la revisión documental y el fichaje y la codificación de los datos. Como técnica de análisis de los resultados se empleó el análisis documental. La gerencia participativa es un modelo organizativo queincluye un desempeño gerencial con una visión diferente en ciertos aspectos básicos proyectados frente al ambiente comunitario, por cuanto, el hombre es un ser social y la escuela es vista como una comunidad. Esta investigación arrojó como conclusión que el comportamiento organizacional se convierte en una herramienta que usa el gerente educativo para lograr los objetivos planteados desde las relaciones interpersonales sanas, entre los docentes, personal administrativo, directivos, estudiantes y la comunidad. Palabras clave: gerencia; comportamiento organizacional; gerencia educativa; participación comunitaria. Abstract The main objective of this research is to analyze the educational manager’s behavior in the organizational context of community participation. To achieve this purpose, the research was based on the theoretical contributions of specialized literature, as well as on a methodology based on a documentary, analytical, field, non-experimental study. Document analysis, transfer and bibliographic review were used as a technique fordata collection. This research is justified by allowing the educational manager’s behavior be analyzed in the organizational context of community participation, which will enable a greater integration of the school community in the educational institution. Furthermore, offer the educational manager the same information that allows him to improve his performance and achieve educational objectives through the optimization ofits management, this will promote educational excellence. Taking as a conclusion that organizational behavior becomes, then, a tool for the educational manager to achieve the objectives set out from healthy interpersonal relationships, between teachers, administrative staff, managers, students and the community. Keywords: management; organizational behavior; educational management; community participation.

scholarly journals Comportamiento organizacional del gerente educativo en la participación comunitaria

Prohominum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Daniel Arturo Zea-Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Educational Management ◽  
Palabras Clave

La gerencia de una institución educativa conlleva un conjunto de habilidades directivas orientadas a planificar, organizar, coordinar y evaluar la gestión estratégica de aquellas actividades necesarias para alcanzar eficacia pedagógica, eficiencia administrativa, efectividad comunitaria y trascendencia cultural. Por ello, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento del gerente educativo en el contexto organizacional de la participación comunitaria. La investigación se fundamentó metodológicamente en el paradigma positivista, con un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño documental de tipo descriptivo. Se utilizó como técnica de recolección de datos la revisión documental y el fichaje y la codificación de los datos. Como técnica de análisis de los resultados se empleó el análisis documental. La gerencia participativa es un modelo organizativo queincluye un desempeño gerencial con una visión diferente en ciertos aspectos básicos proyectados frente al ambiente comunitario, por cuanto, el hombre es un ser social y la escuela es vista como una comunidad. Esta investigación arrojó como conclusión que el comportamiento organizacional se convierte en una herramienta que usa el gerente educativo para lograr los objetivos planteados desde las relaciones interpersonales sanas, entre los docentes, personal administrativo, directivos, estudiantes y la comunidad. Palabras clave: gerencia; comportamiento organizacional; gerencia educativa; participación comunitaria. Abstract The main objective of this research is to analyze the educational manager’s behavior in the organizational context of community participation. To achieve this purpose, the research was based on the theoretical contributions of specialized literature, as well as on a methodology based on a documentary, analytical, field, non-experimental study. Document analysis, transfer and bibliographic review were used as a technique fordata collection. This research is justified by allowing the educational manager’s behavior be analyzed in the organizational context of community participation, which will enable a greater integration of the school community in the educational institution. Furthermore, offer the educational manager the same information that allows him to improve his performance and achieve educational objectives through the optimization ofits management, this will promote educational excellence. Taking as a conclusion that organizational behavior becomes, then, a tool for the educational manager to achieve the objectives set out from healthy interpersonal relationships, between teachers, administrative staff, managers, students and the community. Keywords: management; organizational behavior; educational management; community participation.

Het belang van de context voor onderzoek binnen de organisatiepsychologie

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim van Breukelen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Voor Onderzoek

The importance of context in research on organizational behavior The importance of context in research on organizational behavior This article emphasizes the need to pay more attention to the context in field studies of organizational behavior. The context refers to factors external to the individual, which include organizational characteristics and societal and cultural factors. The context may offer additional explanations for research findings and may improve insights in underlying processes. In addition, a focus on contextual factors in a study may increase the fit between research and practice. This article describes the potential effects of contextual factors and offers possible reasons for the lack of attention to context in many studies. Finally, several recommendations are presented in order to bring contextual factors back into the study of behavior in organizations.

scholarly journals Determinants of Individual Knowledge Innovation Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sihua Chen ◽  
Hua Xiao ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Jian Mou ◽  
Mikko Siponen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Knowledge Innovation ◽  
Event Theory ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Team Trust

With the upsurge of "emotional storm" in the field of organizational behavior, the studies on individual emotions in organizational context are rising. Especially the relationship between emotions and knowledge innovation has attracted much attention by scholars. In particular, individual emotions may exert great effect on knowledge innovation whereas the mechanism is still unclear. Based on the emotional event theory, this paper constructs a model which explores the interaction of positive and negative emotions with individual knowledge innovation. Based on questionnaire data analysis, the results show that knowledge sharing partly mediate the relationship between positive emotion and knowledge innovation as well as the relationship between negative emotion and knowledge innovation; team trust accentuates the relationship between positive emotion and knowledge innovation as well as the relationship between negative emotion and knowledge innovation. The above findings are helpful to clarify the impact mechanism of emotions on knowledge innovation.

Steering Start-Ups' Organizational Behavior Through Development of Project Management Practices

2020 ◽  
pp. 324-343
Author(s):  
Igor Vrečko ◽  
Aljaž Skaza
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Operating Rules ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Principles Of Learning

Start-ups are only in the initial life cycle phases, which exposes them to many specific challenges and increases threats of business cessation. Because of their youth, the do not yet have formal organizational structures and operating rules. This also applies to the area of project management. In this chapter, the authors deal with the success of start-ups' projects and the characteristics of their project management culture. Although the success of projects and project management culture is relatively often discussed in the literature, it is generally done in the context of large companies, not start-ups. The research has shown that projects represent a large part of the start-ups' businesses, and that there is a significant high awareness of the importance of project preparation and the definition of objectives, as well as a caution in defining the roles and organization. In these companies we can notice quite a coherence with the principles of learning organizations, especially the importance of learning from experiences and transferring knowledge among the participants in the project.

Values Activation and Present Bias

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Onna Brewer ◽  
Orhan Erdem
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Values Clarification ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Present Bias ◽  
Writing Activity

Present bias—difficulty resisting instant gratification over a future and larger reward (also called delay discounting)—has been associated with various suboptimal behaviors and health outcomes. Several methods have been proposed to produce reductions in this bias and promote self-control. In this randomized experimental study of 137 undergraduate college students, the authors examined the effect of a 10-minute values clarification writing exercise on present bias in a monetary decision-making task compared with a neutral writing activity. While participants in the values clarification condition showed less present-biased behavior, this finding was not statistically significant at the .05 level. Thus, they place emphasis on implications for future research and practice with the aims of reducing present bias and building better communities.

Putting People Down and Pushing Them Out: Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia M. Cortina ◽  
Maira A. Areguin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Sexual Problem ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Organizational ◽  
Common Manifestation

Sexual harassment was once conceptualized solely as a sexual problem: coercive sexual advances that spring from natural feelings of sexual desire or romance. Research has since shown that by far the most common manifestation of sexual harassment is gender harassment, which has contempt at its core; this conduct aims to put people down and push them out, not pull them into sexual activity. With findings such as these, we have made many strides in the scientific study of sexual harassment. That body of scholarship is the focus of this article, which is organized around the following questions: What is sexual harassment, both behaviorally and legally? How common is this conduct in work organizations, and what are its consequences? What features of the social/organizational context raise the risk for sexual harassment? What are some promising (and not-so-promising) solutions to this pervasive problem? And finally, what are important directions for this area of research moving forward? Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Organizational Pscyhology and Organizational Behavior, Volume 8 is January 21, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Viewing team selection through a temporal lens

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Membership Change ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Team Selection ◽  
Sequential Selection ◽  
Selection Framework ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
Personnel Psychology ◽  
Selection Of

This paper builds synthesized coherence (Locke & Golden-Biddle, 1997) across disciplines such as organizational behavior, personnel psychology, entrepreneurship, project management, and strategic management by developing a temporal team selection framework that delineates three temporal team selection processes (i.e., simultaneous selection, sequential selection, and substitution selection). Of these three processes, sequential selection, which could either be constraint-driven or coevolution-driven, is a new conceptualization. This framework speaks to the broader research stream on membership dynamics, and therefore its key constructs such as arithmetic of membership change (Arrow & McGrath, 1993) and temporal patterning of membership change (Arrow & McGrath, 1993) have been systematically applied to the temporal team selection processes. Finally, the implications of this theorizing for both research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Students’ Perceptions of Diversity at Two Hispanic-Serving Institutions Through Pictures: A Focus on Structures for Serving

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-29
Author(s):  
Gina Ann García ◽  
Marialexia Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Federal Grants ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Hispanic Serving Institutions ◽  
Hispanic Serving Institution ◽  
Hispanic Serving

Beyond the basic criteria to become a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI), which includes enrolling 25% Latinx students, the federal government has not established guidelines for better serving these students. Instead, educators at HSIs must submit applications for competitive federal grants that allow them to define and enact “servingness” in practice, which is a multidimensional way to think about how to educate and liberate minoritized students and with a need to transform the “structures for serving” them. In both research and practice, however, students at HSIs have not been given the opportunity to define servingness, or to even talk about what it means to be educated at a campus that is compositionally diverse. The purpose of this study was to explore how students at two HSIs in the Midwest perceive diversity through pictures, with a focus on the organizational structures that represent diversity. Using a photo elicitation methodology, which prompted students to take pictures of the structural elements on campus that represent diversity, and one-on-one interviews that allowed them to describe their pictures, students talked about diversity as reflected in art on campus, people on campus, and spaces on campus. Implications are offered for understanding servingess, and specifically the structures for serving, as perceived by students.

scholarly journals Influence of equity sensitivity on cooperation intention

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-302
Author(s):  
Seung Rib Park ◽  
Young Won Suh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Equity Sensitivity ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Fairness Perception ◽  
The Relationship

An experimental study was conducted to find a possible answer for the inconsistent results of the relationship between the equity sensitivity and organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) in previous studies. Because OCB could be observed only in organizational context, cooperation intention, as a dependent variable, was used for the experiment. The data of 89 students, obtained by the experiment, were used for the analysis. The results showed that benevolents, who were highly cooperative, decreased the cooperation intention when others competed. In addition, even though we did not develop specific hypotheses, by using an survey gauging competition orientation, choice autonomy, egocentrism, fairness perception, rationality and justification on cooperation/competition of other, the differences between benevolents and entitileds, in terms of their attitudes and perception, were investigated. Based on the results, the psychological process of changing cooperation intention and future research were discussed.

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