Raman Spectroscopic Identification of Fibrous Natural Zeolites

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Wopenka ◽  
John J. Freeman ◽  
Tony Nikischer
Keyword(s):  
Beam Polarization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spectroscopic Identification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Spectral Patterns ◽  
Raman Spectral

Laser Raman microprobe spectra of the natrolite group of zeolites (fibrous hydrous network aluminosilicates) can be used to unambiguously distinguish among the six members of this group, which is difficult by visual, microscopic, and X-ray diffraction methods. The natrolite group of zeolites includes the following minerals: natrolite (Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O), scolecite (CaAl2Si3O10·3H2O), mesolite (Na2Ca2Al6Si9O30·8H2O), thomsonite (NaCa2Al5Si5O20·6H2O), gonnardite (Na2CaAl4Si6O20·7H2O), and edingtonite (BaAl2Si3O10·4H2O). Accurate locations of peak maxima are given, and complete Raman spectra (from 100 to 4000 Δcm−1) are shown for each mineral. The individual members of this structurally very similar group of minerals can be identified on the basis of the exact Raman peak positions of the two strongest bands near 440 and 535 Δcm−1, the number and positions of weaker bands, and the difference in the dependence of peak intensities upon beam polarization direction. However, the minerals can be especially easily identified on the basis of their strikingly different Raman spectral patterns in the O–H stretching region (3000–3700 Δcm−1). The number and width of peaks in this spectral region correlate with the three different types of framework structures that occur among the natrolite group minerals.

Raman Spectroscopic Identification of Bilirubin-Type Gallstone

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1099-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siding Zheng ◽  
Anthony T. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Characteristic Line ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Ion Laser ◽  
Spectroscopic Identification ◽  
Spectral Patterns ◽  
Argon Ion

A gallstone from Egypt was examined by laser Raman spectroscopy and identified to be a bilirubin-type stone. The surface of the stone, the subsurface interior, and the center of the stone were irradiated with the 514.5-nm argon-ion laser line. Spectra from the three areas gave similar Raman spectral patterns. Moreover, Raman spectra from the interior of the gallstone were identical to that of bilirubin standard. However, the examination of a Raman spectrum from the outer surface of the stone indicated that it contained cholesterol in addition to bilirubin. Bilirubin has the characteristic line of C=C stretching vibration at 1615 cm−1. Cholesterol has the characteristic line of C(5)=C(6) stretching vibration at 1674 cm−1. Cholesterol also has a strong characteristic line at 1439 cm−1. Therefore, it is quite easy to identify the constituents of gallstone by Raman spectroscopy.

A Furnace for Molten Salt Raman Spectroscopy to 800°C

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvin S. Quist
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Sample Container ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sample Chamber ◽  
Metal Block

A vacuum tight furnace has been constructed and used for laser-Raman spectroscopic studies of molten salts to 800°C. The sample container is positioned within the furnace by a removable metal block, several designs of which have been used with different types of sample containers. The sample under investigation is easily and rapidly aligned in the laser beam by means of micrometer screws located on the positioning table which supports the furnace. The compactness of the entire unit allows it to be readily moved into and out of the sample chamber of the spectrometer.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Structural and Optical Investigations of (Pb, Bi)TiO3 Borosilicate Glasses

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandkiram Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Prepared Glass ◽  
Infrared And Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Spectral Patterns

A new series of lead bismuth titanate borosilicate glasses with addition of one percent lanthanum oxide have been synthesized using melt-quench technique. X-ray diffraction patterns have been recorded to confirm the amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples. The synthesized glasses have been characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. UV-visible measurements were recorded in the wavelength range from 200 to 1100 nm whereas IR and Raman spectroscopic measurements were recorded over a continuous wavenumber range from 400 to 5000 cm−1 and 1000 to 2000 cm−1 respectively. The different absorption peaks/bands were formed in IR spectral patterns. The spectral bands appear towards the lower wavenumber sides due to the Bi and Pb, content while the bands appear towards the higher wavenumber sides due to the formation of diborate and triborate network units.

scholarly journals Dielectric and Raman spectroscopy studies of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 lead-free ceramic

Cerâmica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (374) ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zeroual ◽  
H. Lidjici ◽  
W. Chatta ◽  
H. Khemakhem
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Dielectric Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Phase Compound ◽  
Rhombohedral Crystal ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Diffuse Phase

Abstract In this study, samples of sodium bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 (NBT) have been prepared using the solid-state technique. Sintering was done at 1200 ºC for 4 h in air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction analysis carried out at room temperature showed the formation of a single-phase compound with a rhombohedral crystal system. Dielectric and Raman spectroscopic characterizations have been performed as a function of temperature. The dielectric study showed the existence of a diffuse phase transition around 330 ºC. The Raman spectra was fitted to the individual Raman peaks. The obtained peaks were analyzed by observing the changes in their respective peak positions and intensities with increasing of temperature. At high temperatures, the results showed discontinuous changes in the phonon frequencies across the rhombohedral-tetragonal transition.

Fabrication of SnS2 Flower Like Nanoflake Assemblies Through Thermal Evaporation

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4540-4545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhajit Biswas ◽  
Soumitra Kar ◽  
Tandra Ghoshal ◽  
Subhadra Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Vapor Concentration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Individual

Uniform as well as flower like patterns of SnS2 nanoflakes were produced by a thermal evaporation process. Interpenetrating phenomenon was observed between the individual nanoflakes during the course of their lateral growth. The interpenetrating growth and controlled vapor concentration as well as the substrate temperature leads to the formation of flower like assemblies of SnS2 nanoflakes. Morphology and growth mechanism of the nanostructures were studied by scanning electron microscopic observations at different stages of the nanoflake growth. The produced nanoflakes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopic measurements. SnS2 nanoflakes were perfectly single crystalline and growth direction of the nanoflakes was along the {101}-lattice plane.

scholarly journals Reflections on nursing teaching in the post-modernity era and the metaphor of a theory-practice gap

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyne Alves Pires Scherer ◽  
Edson Arthur Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theory Practice Gap ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

This article presents a theoretical reflection on nursing teaching. First, we contextualize the topic regarding the globalized world and the repercussions of its paradigms on mankind and, consequently, on nursing students' learning. Next, we focus on the theory-practice gap established in the nursing learning. Educators are expected to show students the relevance of integrating these different types of knowledge. Moreover, to play a pivotal role in a process that helps students to apply theoretical knowledge in practical situations, reducing the difference between what is considered ideal and what is real. The bio-psycho-social-economic-cultural model values the care for the individual in the different organizational contexts and can base the practice. Another inquiry that emerged is about the extent to which we have assisted others in their corporal, mental, spiritual and noetic dimensions, in addition to the attention delivered to the care-giver.

scholarly journals Hierarchical living assembly: fabrication and visualization of multiblock microstructures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Shi ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Junkai Liu ◽  
Xueqian Zhao ◽  
Haoran Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Supramolecular Polymers ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Huge Challenge

Nature possesses a powerful ability to assemble multiple complex structures to fabricate hierarchical biological structures in a living-assembled way. However, it is still a huge challenge for artificial systems to fabricate and characterize hierarchical living assemblies with well-defined and controllable but complex structures. In this work, we proposed a new concept for the fabrication of multiblock fluorescent microcolumns, which relies on the cooperation between the controllable host–guest complexation based on cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and the living assembly of nanotubular supramolecular polymers composed of CB[8] and NaBr in aqueous solution. By using the complexation of CB[8] with different guest numbers of luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) characteristics, and the difference in affinity between CB[8] and different types of AIEgens, the concentration-controlled and self-sorting-controlled sequential living assembly are realized, respectively. Correspondingly, multiblock fluorescent microcolumns with different fluorescence emission are fabricated, and the molecular structure of each fluorescent block is analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction measurement. In addition, the living assembly of multiblock fluorescent microcolumns is visualized, understood, and regulated with the aid of AIEgens. The method developed here is expected to be extended to more guest molecules of CB[8] and also provides a referential crystallization method for CB[8]-based complexes.

Antiphase Boundaries in Ordered Ni3FE Crystals

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Y. H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Domain Size ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hardening Mechanism ◽  
Superlattice Structure ◽  
Disordered Phase ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
The Difference

Ordered Ni3Fe crystals possess a LI2 type superlattice similar to the Cu3Au structure. The difference in slip behavior of the superlattice as compared with that of a disordered phase has been well established. Cottrell first postulated that the increase in resistance for slip in the superlattice structure is attributed to the presence of antiphase domain boundaries. Following Cottrell's domain hardening mechanism, numerous workers have proposed other refined models also involving the presence of domain boundaries. Using the anomalous X-ray diffraction technique, Davies and Stoloff have shown that the hardness of the Ni3Fe superlattice varies with the domain size. So far, no direct observation of antiphase domain boundaries in Ni3Fe has been reported. Because the atomic scattering factors of the elements in NijFe are so close, the superlattice reflections are not easily detected. Furthermore, the domain configurations in NioFe are thought to be independent of the crystallographic orientations.

Empirical Study On Attributes Leading To Satisfaction Among Bank Customer

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Ms.U.Sakthi Veeralakshmi ◽  
Dr.G. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Private Banking ◽  
Service Gap

This research aims at measuring the service quality in public and private banking sector and identifying its relationship to customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. The study was conducted among 500 bank customers by using revised SERVQUAL instrument with 26 items. Behavioral intention of the customers was measured by using the behavioral intention battery. The researcher has used a seven point likert scaling to measure the expected and perceived service quality (performance) and the behavioral intention of the customer. The instrument was selected as the most reliable device to measure the difference-score conceptualization. It is used to evaluate service gap between expectation and perception of service quality. Modifications are made on the SERVQUAL instrument to make it specific to the Banking sector. Questions were added to the instrument like Seating space for waiting (Tangibility), Parking space in the Bank (Tangibility), Variety of products / schemes available (Tangibility), Banks sincere steps to handling Grievances of the customers (Responsiveness). The findings of the study revealed that the customer’s perception (performance) is lower than expectation of the service quality rendered by banks. Responsiveness and Assurance SQ dimensions were the most important dimensions in service quality scored less SQ gap. The study concluded that the individual service quality dimensions have a positive impact on Overall Satisfaction.

THE SUBJECT FIELD OF INSTITUTIONAL EDUCATION: THE SENSE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Irina Mordous
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
National Education ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Separate Area ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The development of modern civilization attests to its decisive role in the progressive development of institutions. They identified the difference between Western civilization and the rest of the world. Confirmation of the institutional advantages of the West was its early industrialization. The genesis and formation of institutionalism in its ideological and conceptualmethodological orientation occurs as a process alternative to neoclassic in the context of world heterodoxia, which quickly spread in social science. Highlighting institutional education as a separate area of sociocultural activity is determined by the factor of differentiation of institutional theory as a whole. A feature of institutional education is its orientation toward the individual and his/her transformation into a personality. The content of institutional education is revealed through the analysis of the institution, which includes a set of established customs, traditions, ways of thinking, behavioral stereotypes of individuals and social groups. The dynamics of socio-political, economic transformations in Ukraine requires a review of the foundations of national education and determination of the prospects for its development in the 21st century in the context of institutionalism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document