scholarly journals Potential Role of Specific Antibodies as Important Vaccine Induced Protective Mechanism against Aeromonas salmonicida in Rainbow Trout

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e46733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Rømer Villumsen ◽  
Inger Dalsgaard ◽  
Lars Holten-Andersen ◽  
Martin Kristian Raida
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Specific Antibodies

scholarly journals Characterization of linear epitope specificity of antibodies potentially contributing to spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256816
Author(s):  
Asma Ahsan ◽  
Saira Dar ◽  
Fareeha Hassan ◽  
Farkhanda Ghafoor ◽  
Muhammad Haroon Yousuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
Spontaneous Clearance ◽  
Linear Epitope ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Spontaneous Viral Clearance ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
Linear Epitopes

Background Around 30% of the HCV infected patients can spontaneously clear the virus. Cumulative evidence suggests the role of neutralizing antibodies in such spontaneous resolution. Understanding the epitope specificity of such antibodies will inform the rational vaccine design as such information is limited to date. In addition to conformational epitope targeted antibodies, linear epitope specific antibodies have been identified that are broadly cross reactive against diverse HCV strains. In this study, we have characterized the potential role of three conserved linear epitopes in the spontaneous clearance of HCV. Methods We tested the reactivity of sera from chronic patients (CP) and spontaneous resolvers (SR) with linear peptides corresponding to three conserved regions of HCV envelope protein E2 spanning amino acids 412–423, 523–532 and 432–443 using ELISA. Subsequently, we characterized the dependency of HCV neutralization by the reactive serum samples on the antibodies specific for these epitopes using pseudoparticle-based neutralization assay. In ELISA most of the CP sera showed reactivity to multiple peptides while most of the SR samples were reactive to a single peptide suggesting presence of more specific antibodies in the SR sera. In most of the HCVpp neutralizing sera of particular peptide reactivity the neutralization was significantly affected by the presence of respective peptide. HCV neutralization by CP sera was affected by multiple peptides while 75% of the HCVpp neutralizing SR sera were competed by the 432 epitope. Conclusions These findings suggest that individuals who spontaneously resolve HCV infection at the acute phase, can produce antibodies specific for conserved linear epitopes, and those antibodies can potentially play a role in the spontaneous viral clearance. The epitope present in the 432–443 region of E2 was identified as the primary neutralizing epitope with potential role in spontaneous viral clearance and this epitope potentiates for the design of immunogen for prophylactic vaccine.

Potential role of rainbow trout red blood cells as mediators in the immune response induced by DNA vaccines

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
S. Puente-Marin ◽  
I. Nombela ◽  
V. Chico ◽  
S. Ciordia ◽  
M.C. Mena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dna Vaccines

scholarly journals Sialoadhesin and CD163 join forces during entry of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 2943-2953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Van Gorp ◽  
Wander Van Breedam ◽  
Peter L. Delputte ◽  
Hans J. Nauwynck
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Virus Uncoating

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) shows a restricted tropism for subsets of porcine macrophages in vivo. To date, two PRRSV receptors have been identified on primary macrophages, heparan sulphate for binding and sialoadhesin for binding and internalization. However, additional factors are needed because the expression of both receptors in non-permissive cells results in virus internalization but not in virus uncoating and productive infection. Recently, CD163 was described as a PRRSV receptor on Marc-145 cells that renders non-permissive cells susceptible to PRRSV. Therefore, the potential role of CD163 in PRRSV entry in macrophages and its potential interplay with sialoadhesin were studied. Incubation of macrophages at 37 °C with either sialoadhesin- or CD163-specific antibodies reduced PRRSV infection by up to 75 %, while infection was completely blocked by a combination of both antibodies. When incubated at 4 °C, only sialoadhesin- and not CD163-specific antibodies reduced PRRSV infection. In addition, confocal analysis of PRRSV entry in non-permissive cells expressing only sialoadhesin showed PRRSV internalization but no uncoating. In contrast, when both sialoadhesin and CD163 were expressed, PRRSV was uncoated upon internalization, resulting in productive infection. Virus internalization was not observed when only CD163 was expressed; although, cells became productively infected. Thus, sialoadhesin is confirmed as a PRRSV internalization receptor and CD163 is shown to be involved in PRRSV entry, probably during uncoating. Co-expression of recombinant sialoadhesin and CD163 in non-permissive cells increased virus production 10–100 times compared with cells expressing only CD163, sustaining the requirement of both for efficient PRRSV infection.

Parental Emotion Regulation and Mentalization in Families of Children With ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2084-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Gershy ◽  
Sarah A. O. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Parental Emotion ◽  
Child Adhd ◽  
Symptom Level ◽  
Hostile Parenting ◽  
Intake Session

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the role of parental emotion regulation (ER) and parental mentalization as possible contributors to hostile and coercive parenting in families of children with ADHD. Method: Seventy-four Israeli families (64 mothers and 48 fathers) seeking parent training for child ADHD completed measures during the intake session. Measures included parental ER; parental mentalization; hostile, coercive, and submissive parenting; and child symptoms. Results: Findings suggested a relationship between parental ER and coercive parenting independent of child age, symptom level, and parental mentalization. Parental mentalization appeared to buffer against hostility specifically among parents with low ER capacities. Patterns were parallel for mothers and fathers. Conclusion: Study findings highlight the importance of evaluating and addressing parental ER in interventions attempting to reduce coercive parenting. The findings also highlight the potential role of parental mentalization as a protective mechanism against hostile parenting in families of children with ADHD.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

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