Co-Circulation of 72bp Duplication Group A and 60bp Duplication Group B Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Strains in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during 2014

The respiratory viruses are recognized as the most frequent lower respiratory tract pathogens for infants and young children in developed countries but less is known for developing populations. The authors conducted a prospective study to evaluate the occurrence, clinical patterns, and seasonal trends of viral infections among hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract disease (Group A). The presence of respiratory viruses in children's nasopharyngeal was assessed at admission in a pediatric ward. Cell cultures and immunofluorescence assays were used for viral identification. Complementary tests included blood and pleural cultures conducted for bacterial investigation. Clinical data and radiological exams were recorded at admission and throughout the hospitalization period. To better evaluate the results, a non- respiratory group of patients (Group B) was also constituted for comparison. Starting in February 1995, during a period of 18 months, 414 children were included- 239 in Group A and 175 in Group B. In Group A, 111 children (46.4%) had 114 viruses detected while only 5 children (2.9%) presented viruses in Group B. Respiratory Syncytial Virus was detected in 100 children from Group A (41.8%), Adenovirus in 11 (4.6%), Influenza A virus in 2 (0.8%), and Parainfluenza virus in one child (0.4%). In Group A, aerobic bacteria were found in 14 cases (5.8%). Respiratory Syncytial Virus was associated to other viruses and/or bacteria in six cases. There were two seasonal trends for Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases, which peaked in May and June. All children affected by the virus were younger than 3 years of age, mostly less than one year old. Episodic diffuse bronchial commitment and/or focal alveolar condensation were the clinical patterns more often associated to Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases. All children from Group A survived. In conclusion, it was observed that Respiratory Syncytial Virus was the most frequent pathogen found in hospitalized children admitted for severe respiratory diseases. Affected children were predominantly infants and boys presenting bronchiolitis and focal pneumonias. Similarly to what occurs in other subtropical regions, the virus outbreaks peak in the fall and their occurrence extends to the winter, which parallels an increase in hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases.

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Dominance of the ON1 Genotype of RSV-A and BA9 Genotype of RSV-B in Respiratory Cases from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11111323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1323

Author(s):

Hessa A. Al-Sharif ◽

Sherif A. El-Kafrawy ◽

Jehad M. Yousef ◽

Taha A. Kumosani ◽

Mohammad A. Kamal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Hypervariable Region ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

Potential Development ◽

The Usa ◽

Group A ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Group B

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a main cause of hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection. In previous studies from Saudi Arabia, higher prevalence of the NA1 genotype in group A was observed from Riyadh and Taif. This study recruited respiratory cases from Jeddah during January to December, 2017. RSV represented 13.4% in the recruited cases with 64% of them belonging to group A and 36% to group B. All group A cases in this study were ON1 type characterized by duplication of 72 nucleotides, 24 amino acids in the C-terminal in the second hypervariable region of the G gene. In addition, for group B all of the cases were clustered under BA9, which had uniquely characterized as duplication of 60 nucleotides in the G protein. Our sequences showed similarity with earlier sequences from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Thailand, South Africa, Spain, the USA and Cyprus. Some amino acid substitutions in the investigated sequences would cause a change in potential O-glycosylation and N-glycosylation profiles from prototype ON1. The predominance of the ON1 and BA9 genotype of RSV-A in Jeddah compared to previous Saudi studies showing predominance of the NA1 genotype for group A. This difference in genotype prevalence could be due to fast spread of the ON1 genotype worldwide or due to the flux of travelers through Jeddah during hajj/umrah compared to Riyadh and Taif. This shift in genotype distribution requires continuous surveillance for genetic characterization of circulating respiratory infections including RSV. These findings may contribute to the understanding of RSV evolution and to the potential development of a vaccine against RSV.

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Antigenic and immunogenic analysis of group A and group B respiratory syncytial virus G proteins expressed from recombinant baculoviruses

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/0022-1317-77-4-641 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 641-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

W. M. Sullender ◽

W. J. Britt

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

G Proteins ◽

Recombinant Baculoviruses ◽

Group A ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Group B

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis: comparative study of RSV groups A and B infected children

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86821994000100001 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Selir M. Straliotto ◽

Benjamin Roitman ◽

João B. Lima ◽

Gilberto B. Fischer ◽

Marilda M. Siqueira

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Group A ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Group B

The grouping characteristics of 29 respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) present in nasopharyngeal cells collectedfrom hospitalized children with bronchiolitis during the 1990RSVseason in Porto Alegre, RS, were analysed. Twenty-two were grouped as belonging to group A and 7 to group B. Cyanosis, oxigen therapy, cough, lenght of hospitalization and atelectasis were observed to be more frequently found within group B infected children. Other clinical signs and symptoms were similarly found in both groups.

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Group B strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in Saudi Arabia: molecular and phylogenetic analysis

Virus Genes ◽

10.1007/s11262-013-1030-z ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 252-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Fahad N. Almajhdi ◽

Mohamed A. Farrag ◽

Haitham M. Amer

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Group B

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Group A and B Genotypes and Disease Severity among Cuban Children

Archives of Medical Research ◽

10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.08.007 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 543-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Clara Savón ◽

Angel Goyenechea ◽

Odalys Valdés ◽

José Aguilar ◽

Grehete González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Virus Group ◽

Group A ◽

Syncytial Virus

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Intragroup antigenic diversity of human respiratory syncytial virus (group A) isolated in Argentina and Chile

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.20456 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 311-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mónica C. Galiano ◽

Vivian Luchsinger ◽

Cristina M. Videla ◽

Leila De Souza ◽

Silvia Sánchez Puch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Antigenic Diversity ◽

Virus Group ◽

Group A ◽

Syncytial Virus

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DETERMINING MIGRAINE WITH AURA TRIGGER FACTORS TOWARD IMPROVING THE PRACTICE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM SAUDI ARABIA

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v18.n37.2021.19_alshamrani_pgs_270_292.pdf ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (37) ◽

pp. 270-292

Author(s):

Foziah Jabbar ALSHAMRANI ◽

Noor Mohammad ALMOHISH ◽

Mohammed Faisal ALMUAIGEL ◽

Narjes Ali ALRAMADHAN ◽

Maryam Mohammad ALJUMAH

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Migraine With Aura ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Computer Work ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Trigger Factors ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Background: Primary headache is one of the most common disorders treated in neurology clinics. Globally, it has been estimated that the current prevalence of headache disorder in adults symptomatic, at least once within the last year, is about 50%. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, migraine was ranked as the third most common cause of disability worldwide. One of the significant migraines is migraine with aura, a frequent headache that occurs after or with sensory disturbances. Aim: This study aimed to identify and compare triggers in previously diagnosed patients with migraine with aura (MwA) to those who have not been identified with migraine with aura before but diagnosed according to a questionnaire survey distributed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: Adults aged 18–50 years were randomly selected in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to participate in this non-interventional, multicentre, cross-sectional study. The study data was collected via an online questionnaire using the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2018 and the Cleveland Clinic Canada headache questionnaire. Results and Discussion: Of the 4.140 potentially eligible individuals, 302 were not previously diagnosed with migraine with aura but were diagnosed with a questionnaire (Group A), while 71 participants were already diagnosed (MwA) (Group B). A significant relationship was found among MwA and stress and anxiety, sleep disturbance, noisy places, exposure to lots of lights, prolonged computer work, hunger, fasting, studying for exams, and menstruation in Group A. Group B experienced all of the previous triggers in addition to weather changes, certain odors, and the consumption of cheese, bananas, and hotdogs. Conclusions: The trigger factors are common in individuals with MwA. Awareness of these triggers is essential for preventing the severe complications of MwA, hence, enhance the quality of life of patients.

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