scholarly journals Dominance of the ON1 Genotype of RSV-A and BA9 Genotype of RSV-B in Respiratory Cases from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Hessa A. Al-Sharif ◽  
Sherif A. El-Kafrawy ◽  
Jehad M. Yousef ◽  
Taha A. Kumosani ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Group A ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a main cause of hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection. In previous studies from Saudi Arabia, higher prevalence of the NA1 genotype in group A was observed from Riyadh and Taif. This study recruited respiratory cases from Jeddah during January to December, 2017. RSV represented 13.4% in the recruited cases with 64% of them belonging to group A and 36% to group B. All group A cases in this study were ON1 type characterized by duplication of 72 nucleotides, 24 amino acids in the C-terminal in the second hypervariable region of the G gene. In addition, for group B all of the cases were clustered under BA9, which had uniquely characterized as duplication of 60 nucleotides in the G protein. Our sequences showed similarity with earlier sequences from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Thailand, South Africa, Spain, the USA and Cyprus. Some amino acid substitutions in the investigated sequences would cause a change in potential O-glycosylation and N-glycosylation profiles from prototype ON1. The predominance of the ON1 and BA9 genotype of RSV-A in Jeddah compared to previous Saudi studies showing predominance of the NA1 genotype for group A. This difference in genotype prevalence could be due to fast spread of the ON1 genotype worldwide or due to the flux of travelers through Jeddah during hajj/umrah compared to Riyadh and Taif. This shift in genotype distribution requires continuous surveillance for genetic characterization of circulating respiratory infections including RSV. These findings may contribute to the understanding of RSV evolution and to the potential development of a vaccine against RSV.

scholarly journals Co-Circulation of 72bp Duplication Group A and 60bp Duplication Group B Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Strains in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during 2014

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0166145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ahmed ◽  
Shakir H. Haider ◽  
Shama Parveen ◽  
Mohammed Arshad ◽  
Hytham A. Alsenaidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Clinical patterns and seasonal trends in respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in São Paulo, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. VIEIRA ◽  
Klaus E. STEWIEN ◽  
Divina A. O. QUEIROZ ◽  
Edison L. DURIGON ◽  
Thomas J. TÖRÖK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Group A ◽  
Clinical Patterns ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Group B

The respiratory viruses are recognized as the most frequent lower respiratory tract pathogens for infants and young children in developed countries but less is known for developing populations. The authors conducted a prospective study to evaluate the occurrence, clinical patterns, and seasonal trends of viral infections among hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract disease (Group A). The presence of respiratory viruses in children's nasopharyngeal was assessed at admission in a pediatric ward. Cell cultures and immunofluorescence assays were used for viral identification. Complementary tests included blood and pleural cultures conducted for bacterial investigation. Clinical data and radiological exams were recorded at admission and throughout the hospitalization period. To better evaluate the results, a non- respiratory group of patients (Group B) was also constituted for comparison. Starting in February 1995, during a period of 18 months, 414 children were included- 239 in Group A and 175 in Group B. In Group A, 111 children (46.4%) had 114 viruses detected while only 5 children (2.9%) presented viruses in Group B. Respiratory Syncytial Virus was detected in 100 children from Group A (41.8%), Adenovirus in 11 (4.6%), Influenza A virus in 2 (0.8%), and Parainfluenza virus in one child (0.4%). In Group A, aerobic bacteria were found in 14 cases (5.8%). Respiratory Syncytial Virus was associated to other viruses and/or bacteria in six cases. There were two seasonal trends for Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases, which peaked in May and June. All children affected by the virus were younger than 3 years of age, mostly less than one year old. Episodic diffuse bronchial commitment and/or focal alveolar condensation were the clinical patterns more often associated to Respiratory Syncytial Virus cases. All children from Group A survived. In conclusion, it was observed that Respiratory Syncytial Virus was the most frequent pathogen found in hospitalized children admitted for severe respiratory diseases. Affected children were predominantly infants and boys presenting bronchiolitis and focal pneumonias. Similarly to what occurs in other subtropical regions, the virus outbreaks peak in the fall and their occurrence extends to the winter, which parallels an increase in hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases.

DETERMINING MIGRAINE WITH AURA TRIGGER FACTORS TOWARD IMPROVING THE PRACTICE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM SAUDI ARABIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
pp. 270-292
Author(s):  
Foziah Jabbar ALSHAMRANI ◽  
Noor Mohammad ALMOHISH ◽  
Mohammed Faisal ALMUAIGEL ◽  
Narjes Ali ALRAMADHAN ◽  
Maryam Mohammad ALJUMAH
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Primary headache is one of the most common disorders treated in neurology clinics. Globally, it has been estimated that the current prevalence of headache disorder in adults symptomatic, at least once within the last year, is about 50%. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, migraine was ranked as the third most common cause of disability worldwide. One of the significant migraines is migraine with aura, a frequent headache that occurs after or with sensory disturbances. Aim: This study aimed to identify and compare triggers in previously diagnosed patients with migraine with aura (MwA) to those who have not been identified with migraine with aura before but diagnosed according to a questionnaire survey distributed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: Adults aged 18–50 years were randomly selected in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to participate in this non-interventional, multicentre, cross-sectional study. The study data was collected via an online questionnaire using the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2018 and the Cleveland Clinic Canada headache questionnaire. Results and Discussion: Of the 4.140 potentially eligible individuals, 302 were not previously diagnosed with migraine with aura but were diagnosed with a questionnaire (Group A), while 71 participants were already diagnosed (MwA) (Group B). A significant relationship was found among MwA and stress and anxiety, sleep disturbance, noisy places, exposure to lots of lights, prolonged computer work, hunger, fasting, studying for exams, and menstruation in Group A. Group B experienced all of the previous triggers in addition to weather changes, certain odors, and the consumption of cheese, bananas, and hotdogs. Conclusions: The trigger factors are common in individuals with MwA. Awareness of these triggers is essential for preventing the severe complications of MwA, hence, enhance the quality of life of patients.

Clinical presentation and molecular characterization of group B rotaviruses in diarrhoea patients in Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farjana Saiada ◽  
H. N. Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
Sayra Moni ◽  
M. Manjurul Karim ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Group B ◽  
Rotavirus Infections

A total of 1106 stool samples collected from diarrhoea patients admitted to Dhaka hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, during January–December 2008 were analysed for the presence of rotavirus-specific RNA by PAGE. The group B-specific RNA migration pattern was detected in 26 patients (2.4 %) and group A-specific pattern in 259 patients (23.4 %). Clinical data from group A and group B rotavirus-infected patients indicated that episodes did not differ much in the prevalence of diarrhoea, number of stools, outcome or differences in gender. However, abdominal pain was more common in group B rotavirus infections (36 vs 15 %, P=0.02) and the virus was responsible for more severe dehydration compared with group A-infected patients (12 vs 3 %, P=0.04). Sequence analyses of VP4, VP7 and NSP2 indicated that an Indian–Bangladeshi lineage of the virus, which is different from both the prototype (Chinese) lineage and from the animal group B rotaviruses, has been circulating in Bangladesh. Continuous monitoring of group B rotaviruses both in hospitals and in the community will be helpful to determine the true burden of group B rotaviruses.

scholarly journals Morphological, Biochemical And Hematological Characterization Of Endangered Balkan Donkey Breed

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANIŠIĆ Ljubodrag ◽  
DIMITRIJEVIĆ Vladimir ◽  
SIMEUNOVIĆ Predrag ◽  
LAKIĆ Nada ◽  
RADOVIĆ Ivica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Group B ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract The aim of the study was to establish morphometric, biochemical and hematological values for the endangered Balkan donkey breed (Serbia) and to explore the possible age dependence of the parameters tested. Inter-breed similarity of morphometric parameters was assessed by comparing the data obtained for the Balkan donkey with morphometric measurements of several previously characterized domestic donkey breeds. The study population included 74 donkeys, divided in two age groups (group A ≤ 3 years; group B > 3 years). In total, 18 morphometric, 13 hematological and 14 biochemical parameters were assessed. Significant morphometric differences (p<0.05) in body length, head length, chest circumference and body weight were found between the two age groups. Significant differences in morphological parameters were revealed among the Balkan donkey and other donkey breeds (Catalonian, Croatian and Albanian), but results of cluster analysis demonstrated the smallest distance between the Balkan donkey and Albanian donkeys. The results of morphometric analyses showed consistency of the obtained values within the breed, and diversity as compared to other donkey breeds, and, thus, could be taken as referent for the Balkan donkey. Hematological and biochemical profiles obtained for the Balkan donkey were consistent with previous reports and within the recommended reference ranges. White blood cell, mid cell and granulocyte counts, showed significantly higher (p<0.05) values in donkeys under 3 years of age, while the only biochemical parameter affected by age was alkaline phosphatase. The information gained through characterization of the Balkan donkey breed provides a basis for conservation and development of the breed standard.

Genetic characterization of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from healthy pigeons

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kizerwetter-Świda ◽  
D. Chrobak-Chmiel ◽  
M. Rzewuska ◽  
A. Antosiewicz ◽  
B. Dolka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Restriction Patterns ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
Group A ◽  
Biochemical Identification ◽  
Group B ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

AbstractCoagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) are opportunistic veterinary pathogens, of whichStaphylococcus aureus,S. delphiniandS. intermediuscan be isolated from pigeons. The biochemical identification ofS. delphiniandS. intermediusisolates may be incorrect, because of their phenotypic similarity. The purpose of the present study was to isolate and identify CoPS from domestic and feral pigeons and to determine their genetic relatedness by PFGE. A total number of 31 isolates of CoPS were obtained, 15 were identified asS. delphinigroup B, six asS. aureus,four asS. delphinigroup A, three asS. intermediusand three asS. schleiferisubsp.coagulans. The results indicate that S.delphinigroup B is the predominant CoPS species among pigeons studied. PFGE restriction patterns ofS. delphinigroup A andS. delphinigroup B form separate clusters, demonstrating their genetic heterogeneity. Indistinguishable or very similar PFGE patterns observed amongS. delphinigroup B isolates from domestic and feral pigeons confirm the possibility of CoPS transmission between these birds.

scholarly journals Twenty-Five Years Diagnosing Gaucher’s Disease in Spain, What We Have Learned?

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1110-1110
Author(s):  
Marcio M Andrade-Campos ◽  
Jose L Capablo ◽  
Jesus J Fraile ◽  
Mercedes Roca-Espiau ◽  
Pilar Irun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Gaucher Disease ◽  
Bone Pain ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Gaucher disease (GD), has a pan-ethnic distribution with incidence in non-Ashkenazi Jewish population about 1/70-140 thousand inhabitants. The deficiency in lysosomal acid beta-glucosidase enzyme secondary to variants in the GBA gene with autosomal recessive inheritance gives rise to a variable clinical picture. It appears at any age with symptoms that include anemia, thrombocytopenia, pain and vascular bone lesions, visceral enlargement, persistent fatigue. It was the first EDL to have enzymatic replacement and substrate reduction therapy that impact in the awareness of the disease. In 1993, the Spanish Registry of Gaucher Disease was created (REsEG), within the Spanish Foundation for the Study and Therapeutics of EG (FEETEG), with the aim of providing support to all those involved in the management of patients with EG and summarize experience at the national level. This work review the characteristics at diagnosis of type 1 adult GD (GD1) patients, diagnosed outside active early diagnosis programs, along of twenty five years of REsEG existence focus on leading diagnostic symptoms in order to answer the current challenges in patients suspicions. Aim: To analyze the evolving profile of GD1 patients diagnosed before and after 2000 based on the principal manifestations including visceral, hematological involvement, bone pain, bleeding in order to define the current suspicious characteristics in our population. Methods: Patients 18+ years old included in the REsEG were selected. Demographic, genetic, clinical (hematological, visceral, bone, neurological) data, severity index, biomarkers and other relevant information were included in a database created for this purpose. Platelets <140x109/L were considered as thrombocytopenia and hemoglobin below 12 g/dL in females and 13 g/dL in males were considered as anemia. Ethic board of SpRGD and FEETEG approved the development of the present work. To analyze the evolution in the diagnostic features of adult GD1 patients, a cut-off settled according the year of diagnosis, <2000 or 2000+, was used. The use of this cut-off was made considering the awareness for diagnostic increased progressively since ERT availability in mid 90's in Spain. The statistical analysis were made using comparative methods with a level of 95% interval of confidence. Results: Since 1993 a total of 223 GD1 with 18+ years old patients were diagnosed and included in the registry. 50.7% (113) were females, mean age at diagnosis 38.5 (18-87). The symptoms that led to the diagnostic of GD1 were: splenomegaly 71.1%, (3 of them detected during pregnancy work out), thrombocytopenia 83.3%, isolated anemia 39.0%, pancytopenia 8.5%, hepatomegaly 22.5%, bone pain: 57.9%(bone crisis 48.8% pathological fractures 3 cases), hemorrhagic diathesis (ecchymosis, epistaxis): 20.6%, peripartum bleeding: 3 cases, family study: 19.3%, early Parkinson's study 3 cases, other reasons for referral were MGUS 4 cases, hyperferritinemia 7 cases. Also we have recorded that bone marrow aspiration or biopsy was the first test in the diagnosis process in about 80% of cases. According the year of diagnosis 131 (58.7%) patients were diagnosed before 2000 (group A), mean age at diagnosis 36 (18-87) y.o and 92 (41.3%) after 2000 (group B). mean age at diagnosis 41.8 (18-79) y.o. General characteristics and genotype distribution are detailed in tables 1 and 2. Concerning profile's patient diagnosed before 2000 showing a more clinical aggressive behavior, even the presence of thrombocytopenia was similar in both groups, the severity of thrombocytopenia were higher in group A (69.8; 16-129 x109/L) vs group B (83.4; 14-131 x109/L) (p=0.006), also anemia, bone pain and visceral enlargement show higher incidences. During this time there 7 cases have developed Parkinson's disease, 2 patients with de novo mutations, 21 neoplasms and other interesting findings. Conclusion: In our population we have found that the classical main characteristics of GD1 adult patients at diagnosis has evolved to a less severe phenotype in the present century. Features like bone pain, anemia, thrombocytopenia, visceral involvement are decreasing in percentage and severity; in parallel mild genetic variants were more prevalent. These data suggest that we need to continue the efforts on training in young hematologist to increase the awareness and visibility of disease, also among primary care providers in order to improve the early diagnosis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Management and clinical outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation stratified by the 4S-AF scheme for structured characterization of atrial fibrillation: data from CODE-AF registry

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R Lee ◽  
K.M Park ◽  
B Joung ◽  
E.K Choi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Rhythm Control ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Recently, 4S-AF scheme consisting of four essential domains requiring for integrated management of atrial fibrillation (AF), including stroke prevention, symptom severity, severity of AF burden, and substrate for AF, has been proposed for the structured characterization of AF. Purpose To classify patients with AF applying 4S-AF scheme, evaluate how rhythm control and stroke prevention strategies were applied according to the 4S-AF scheme, and analyze the association between 4S-AF scheme score and the risk of clinical outcome, composite of stroke and admission for heart failure in patients with AF. Methods Using the data from the COmparison study of Drugs for symptom control and complication prEvention of Atrial Fibrillation (CODE-AF) registry from June 2015 to October 2020, we identified patients with AF who had information about 4S. The 4S-AF scheme score was calculated by stroke risk (truly low risk patients = 0; otherwise = 1), symptom severity (no symptom = 1; presence of symptom = 1), severity of AF burden (paroxysmal = 0, persistent = 1, and long-persistent to permanent = 2), substrate for AF (add 1 if &gt;75 years; no comorbidity=1, 1 comorbidity = 1, 2 or more comorbidities = 2; left atrial anteroposterior diameter &lt;40mm = 0, 40 to &lt;50mm = 1, and ≥50mm = 2). Treatment strategies, including rhythm control and anticoagulation, were analyzed according to the 4S-AF scheme score. The risk for a composite of stroke and admission for heart failure was evaluated according to the 4S-AF scheme score during follow-up. Results Among 8199 patients with AF, the 4S-AF scheme scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and ≥6 were 2.5%, 5.6%, 9%, 17.1%, 20.1%, 17.6%, and 28%, respectively. Patients with higher scores were tended to be older, had higher CHA2DS2-VASc score, included less proportion of paroxysmal AF, and showed larger left atrial size (Table). According to 4S-AF scheme, physicians preferred to apply a rhythm control strategy through both performing catheter ablation and prescribing antiarrhythmic agents in patients with lower 4S-AF scheme score (Figure). Oral anticoagulation rates were higher in patients with higher 4S-AF scheme score owing to higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores of these patients (Figure). The incidence rates of composite clinical outcomes were increased with increasing in 4S-AF scheme score (Figure). When grouping 4S-AF scheme score 0 and 1 as group A, 2 to 4 as group B, 5 as group C, and 6 as group D, group B, C, and D were associated with a higher risk of the composite clinical outcomes by 3.4, 7.9 and 11.5-fold compared to group A, respectively (Figure). Conclusions The 4S-AF scheme score was well-associated with the risk of stroke and admission for heart failure in patients with AF. Although the 4S-AF scheme might be already reflected in clinical practice when physicians determined the rhythm control and stroke prevention strategies for their AF patients, more systematic approach should be utilized for better clinical outcomes in patients with AF. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): This study was supported by a research grant from the Korean Healthcare Technology R&D project funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare (HI15C1200, HC19C0130).

scholarly journals Characterization of Clinical and Carrier Streptococcus agalactiae and Prophage Contribution to the Strain Variability

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1323
Author(s):  
Aneta Lichvariková ◽  
Katarina Soltys ◽  
Tomas Szemes ◽  
Livia Slobodnikova ◽  
Gabriela Bukovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Phage Integrase ◽  
Integration Sites ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Group B

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) represents a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in newborns and is also responsible for diseases in older and immunocompromised adults. Prophages represent an important factor contributing to the genome plasticity and evolution of new strains. In the present study, prophage content was analyzed in human GBS isolates. Thirty-seven prophages were identified in genomes of 20 representative sequenced strains. On the basis of the sequence comparison, we divided the prophages into eight groups named A–H. This division also corresponded to the clustering of phage integrase, even though several different integration sites were observed in some relative prophages. Next, PCR method was used for detection of the prophages in 123 GBS strains from adult hospitalized patients and from pregnancy screening. At least one prophage was present in 105 isolates (85%). The highest prevalence was observed for prophage group A (71%) and satellite prophage group B (62%). Other groups were detected infrequently (1–6%). Prophage distribution did not differ between clinical and screening strains, but it was unevenly distributed in MLST (multi locus sequence typing) sequence types. High content of full-length and satellite prophages detected in present study implies that prophages could be beneficial for the host bacterium and could contribute to evolution of more adapted strains.

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