scholarly journals Root-tip-mediated inhibition of hydrotropism is accompanied with the suppression of asymmetric expression of auxin-inducible genes in response to moisture gradients in cucumber roots

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0189827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuharu Fujii ◽  
Sachiko Miyabayashi ◽  
Tomoki Sugita ◽  
Akie Kobayashi ◽  
Chiaki Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Tip ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Inducible Genes ◽  
Asymmetric Expression

scholarly journals Response of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and Squash (Cucurbita pepo L. var. melopepo) Roots to Chilling Stress during Early Stages of Seedling Development

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleazar Reyes ◽  
Paul H. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Cucumber Roots

Roots of `Golden Girl' squash (Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo) and `Encore' cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), 4- and 3-days-old, respectively, were exposed to 2, 6, 10, and 15C for 24, 48, 96, 144, and 192 hours to compare the sensitivity to chilling temperatures and the subsequent recovery at more favorable temperatures. Seedlings were more sensitive to chilling at 2 and 6C when measured by their ability to resume growth when returned to 26C. Root growth decreased after 48 hours of chilling. Seedlings stressed at 10 and 15C were able to continue root growth at these temperatures and when returned to 26C. However, seedlings at 10C exhibited root-tip browning in both crop species, suggesting disfunction in metabolic pathways that were repressed in seedlings growing at 2C where those symptoms were not present. Effects on root dry weight occurred in the first 24 hours at all temperatures studied. After 96 hours of treatment, seedlings grown at 2 and 6C were irreversibly damaged, as evidenced by their inability to resume growth when returned to 26C. Leakage of electrolytes from squash and cucumber roots increased after 48 hours at 2C. Potassium, Na+, and PO4-2 were lost in greater amounts than Mg+2, Cl-, and SO4-2. No difference in ionic leakage occurred at 10 and 15C, and Ca+2 leakage was not detected at any chilling stress temperature.

scholarly journals Synthetic Phytosiderophore, Proline-2′-Deoxymugineic Acid, is Efficiently Utilized by Dicots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisei Ueno ◽  
Yuta Ito ◽  
Miho Ohnishi ◽  
Chikahiro Miyake ◽  
Takayuki Sohtome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Psii Activity ◽  
Deoxymugineic Acid ◽  
Hydroponic Cultures ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Inducible Genes ◽  
Lower Expression

Abstract Purpose: Phytosiderophores (PS) from grasses solubilize sparingly soluble iron (Fe), and the resultant PS-Fe is an Fe source, even for dicots. Recently, the synthetic PS proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) has been developed as a moderately biodegradable Fe fertilizer for grasses. We aimed to investigate whether PDMA-Fe is also a good Fe source for dicots.Methods: The availability of PDMA-Fe to cucumber was evaluated in calcareous soil and hydroponic cultures under pH 7.0–9.0 by determining chlorophyll concentration, PSII activity, and Fe uptake. EDDHA-Fe, EDTA-Fe, and citrate-Fe were used as controls. The reducibility of Fe chelates by roots was measured to determine the mechanism underlying differences in availability. Expressions of Fe deficiency-inducible genes (CsFRO1 and CsIRT1) were analyzed to estimate the Fe status in plants. Results: Application of PDMA-Fe and EDDHA-Fe to calcareous soil reduced Fe-deficient chlorosis to a similar extent; however, shoot Fe concentration was higher in the PDMA-Fe treatment. In the hydroponic culture, PDMA-Fe had higher availability than the other chelates at every pH, which was confirmed by higher PSII activity and lower expression of Fe deficiency-inducible genes. The reducibility assay revealed that the reduction level of PDMA-Fe was greater than that of EDTA-Fe and citrate-Fe under alkaline pH.Conclusion: PDMA-Fe is utilized by cucumber roots more efficiently than traditional synthetic chelates in both calcareous soil and hydroponic cultures. The higher availability of PDMA-Fe may be attributed to its higher reducibility. Our findings suggest that PDMA-Fe could be a good Fe fertilizer for dicots.

scholarly journals A synthetic phytosiderophore analog, proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid, is efficiently utilized by dicots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisei Ueno ◽  
Yuta Ito ◽  
Miho Ohnishi ◽  
Chikahiro Miyake ◽  
Takayuki Sohtome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Psii Activity ◽  
Deoxymugineic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Level ◽  
Hydroponic Cultures ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Inducible Genes ◽  
Lower Expression

Abstract Purpose Phytosiderophores (PS) from grasses solubilize sparingly soluble iron (Fe), and the resultant PS-Fe is an Fe source even for dicots. Recently, the synthetic PS proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) has been developed as a moderately biodegradable Fe fertilizer for grasses. We aimed to investigate whether PDMA-Fe is also a good Fe source for dicots. Methods The availability of PDMA-Fe to cucumber was evaluated in a calcareous substrate and hydroponic cultures at pH 7.0–9.0 by determining chlorophyll level, PSII activity, and Fe uptake. EDDHA-Fe, EDTA-Fe, and citrate-Fe were used as controls. The reducibility of Fe chelates by roots was measured to determine the mechanism underlying differences in availability. Expressions of Fe deficiency-inducible genes were analyzed to estimate the Fe status in plants. Results The application of PDMA-Fe and EDDHA-Fe to a calcareous substrate reduced Fe-deficient chlorosis to a similar extent; however, the shoot Fe concentration was higher in the PDMA-Fe treatment. In the hydroponic culture, the availability of PDMA-Fe was higher than that of the other chelates at all pH levels, and this was confirmed by higher PSII activity and lower expression of Fe deficiency-inducible genes. The reducibility assay revealed that the reduction level of PDMA-Fe was greater than that of EDTA-Fe and citrate-Fe under alkaline pH. Conclusions PDMA-Fe is utilized by cucumber roots more efficiently than traditional synthetic chelates in both calcareous substrate and hydroponic cultures. The higher availability of PDMA-Fe may be attributed to its higher reducibility. Our findings suggest that PDMA-Fe could be a good Fe fertilizer for dicots.

Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Phleom of Nicotiana Tabacum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw ◽  
Jamison E. Gilder
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Atpase Localization

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been shown to be associated with numerous physiological processes in both plants and animal cells. Biochemical studies have shown that in higher plants ATPase activity is high in cell wall preparations and is associated with the plasma membrane, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes. However, there have been only a few ATPase localization studies of higher plants at the electron microscope level. Poux (1967) demonstrated ATPase activity associated with most cellular organelles in the protoderm cells of Cucumis roots. Hall (1971) has demonstrated ATPase activity in root tip cells of Zea mays. There was high surface activity largely associated with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in mitochondria, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids.

Soil compaction and organic matter affect conifer seedling nonmycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal root tip abundance and diversity.

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Amaranthus ◽  
Debbie Page-Dumroese ◽  
Al Harvey ◽  
Efren Cazares ◽  
Larry F. Bednar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Conifer Seedling

Growth of the maize root tip

1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Baldovinos de la Pena
Keyword(s):  
Maize Root ◽  
Root Tip

Susceptibility to root tip breakage increases storage losses of sugar beet genotypes

2016 ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Hoffmann ◽  
Katharina Schnepel
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Sugar Loss

Good storability of sugar beet is of increasing importance, not only to reduce sugar losses, but also with regard to maintaining the processing quality. Genotypic differences are found in storage losses. However, it is not clear to which extent damage may contribute to the genotypic response. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of root tip breakage on storage losses of different genotypes. For that purpose, in 2012 and 2013, six sugar beet genotypes were grown in field trials at two locations. After lifting roots were damaged with a cleaning device. They were stored for 8 and 12 weeks, either under controlled conditions in a climate container at constant 8°C, or under ambient temperature in an outdoor clamp. The close correlation underlines that storage losses under controlled conditions (constant temperature) can well be transferred to conditions in practice with fluctuating temperature. The strongest impact on invert sugar accumulation and sugar loss after storage resulted from storage time, followed by damage and growing environment (year × growing site). Cleaning reduced soil tare but increased root tip breakage, in particular for genotypes with low marc content. During storage, pathogen infestation and invert sugar content of the genotypes increased with root tip breakage, but the level differed between growing environments. Sugar loss was closely related to invert sugar accumulation for all treatments, genotypes and environments. Hence, it can be concluded that root tip breakage contributes considerably to storage losses of sugar beet genotypes, and evidently genotypes show a different susceptibility to root tip breakage which is related to their marc content. For long-term storage it is therefore of particular importance to avoid damage during the harvest operations and furthermore, to have genotypes with high storability and low susceptibility to damage.

Method development for the determination of textural properties of sugar beet roots

2019 ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Kleuker ◽  
Christa M. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Sample Distribution ◽  
The Impact

The harvest of sugar beet leads to root tip breakage and surface damage through mechanical impacts, which increase storage losses. For the determination of textural properties of sugar beet roots with a texture analyzer a reliable method description is missing. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of washing, soil tare, storage period from washing until measurement, sample distribution and number of roots on puncture and compression measurements. For this purpose, in 2017 comprehensive tests were conducted with sugar beet roots grown in a greenhouse. In a second step these tests were carried out with different Beta varieties from a field trial, and in addition, a flexural test was included. Results show that the storage period after washing and the sample distribution had an influence on the puncture and compression strength. It is suggested to wash the roots by hand before the measurement and to determine the strength no later than 48 h after washing. For reliable and comparable results a radial distribution of measurement points around the widest circumference of the root is recommended for the puncture test. The sample position of the compression test had an influence on the compressive strength and therefore, needs to be clearly defined. For the puncture and the compression test it was possible to achieve stable results with a small sample size, but with increasing heterogeneity of the plant stand a higher number of roots is required. The flexural test showed a high variability and is, therefore, not recommended for the analysis of sugar beet textural properties.

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