scholarly journals (3S,6E)-nerolidol-mediated rendezvous of Cyclocephala paraguayensis beetles in bottle gourd flowers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0235028
Author(s):  
Arodí P. Favaris ◽  
Amanda C. Túler ◽  
Weliton D. Silva ◽  
Sérgio R. Rodrigues ◽  
Walter S. Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Sesquiterpene Alcohol ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Airborne Volatiles ◽  
Trapping Trials

Cyclocephalini beetles of the genus Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) use flowers of some plants as food, shelter, and mating sites. However, little is known about floral scent chemistry involved in this interaction. Here we show that a sesquiterpene alcohol mediates attraction of Cyclocephala paraguayensis Arrow, on bottle gourd flowers, Lagenaria siceraria (Cucurbitaceae). Both males and females started to aggregate on the flowers at twilight; after that, mating began and remained for the entire night. GC-FID/EAD analysis of the L. siceraria floral scent collected in the field revealed that only the major constituent of the airborne volatiles elicited electroantennographic responses on male and female antennae of C. paraguayensis. This compound was identified as (3S,6E)-nerolidol, which was tested in two field trapping trials in Brazil. In the first bioassay, traps baited with nerolidol (mix of isomers) captured significantly more adult C. paraguayensis than control traps. In the second field trial, catches in traps baited with a mixture of isomers or enantiopure nerolidol were significantly higher than captures in control traps, but the treatments did not differ significantly. Analysis from the gut content of adult C. paraguayensis showed the presence of pollen, suggesting that they also use bottle gourd flowers for their nourishment. Taken together, these results suggest that (3S,6E)-nerolidol plays an essential role in the reproductive behavior of C. paraguayensis by eliciting aggregation, mating, and feeding.

scholarly journals (3S,6E)-Nerolidol-mediated rendezvous of Cyclocephalini beetles, Cyclocephala paraguayensis, in bottle gourd flowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arodí P. Favaris ◽  
Amanda C. Túler ◽  
Weliton D. Silva ◽  
Sérgio R. Rodrigues ◽  
Walter S. Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sesquiterpene Alcohol ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Airborne Volatiles

AbstractCyclocephalini beetles of genus Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) use flowers of some plants as food, shelter, and mating stands. However, little is known about floral scent chemistry involved in this interaction. Here we show that a sesquiterpene alcohol mediates attraction of Cyclocephala paraguayensis Arrow on bottle gourd flowers, Lagenaria siceraria (Curcubitaceae). Both males and females started to aggregate on flowers at twilight; after that, mating began and remained for the entire night. The major constituent of the airborne volatiles from L. siceraria was fully characterized as (3S,6E)-nerolidol, which elicited electroantennographic responses on male and female antennae. Field bioassays showed that traps baited with the natural stereoisomer or a mix of nerolidol isomers captured significantly more males and females of C. paraguayensis than control traps. Analysis from the gut content of these Cyclocephalini beetles showed the presence of pollen, suggesting that they also use bottle gourd flowers for their nourishment. Taken together, these results suggest that (3S,6E)-nerolidol plays an essential role in the reproductive behavior of C. paraguayensis by eliciting aggregation, mating, and feeding.

Reproductive behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Olzer ◽  
Rebecca L. Ehrlich ◽  
Justa L. Heinen-Kay ◽  
Jessie Tanner ◽  
Marlene Zuk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Males And Females

Sex and reproduction lie at the heart of studies of insect behavior. We begin by providing a brief overview of insect anatomy and physiology, followed by an introduction to the overarching themes of parental investment, sexual selection, and mating systems. We then take a sequential approach to illustrate the diversity of phenomena and concepts behind insect reproductive behavior from pre-copulatory mate signalling through copulatory sperm transfer, mating positions, and sexual conflict, to post-copulatory sperm competition, and cryptic female choice. We provide an overview of the evolutionary mechanisms driving reproductive behavior. These events are linked by the economic defendability of mates or resources, and how these are allocated in each sex. Under the framework of economic defendability, the reader can better understand how sexual antagonistic behaviors arise as the result of competing optimal fitness strategies between males and females.

Cameraria gaultheriella and C. lobatiella attracted in Canada to (E,Z)-8,10-tetradecadienal, the sex pheromone of the European C. ohridella

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Szöcs ◽  
Imre S. Otvos ◽  
Andrea J. Schiller ◽  
Jan Bergmann ◽  
Wittko Francke
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Quercus Garryana ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Trapping Trials

AbstractField trapping trials showed that Cameraria gaultheriella Walsingham and C. lobatiella Opler and Davis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were attracted in significant numbers in British Columbia, Canada, to sticky traps baited with 10 µg of (E,Z)-8,10-tetradecadienal (E8Z10-14Ald), the sex pheromone of the European horse chestnut leafminer, C. ohridella Deschka and Dimic. There was perfect specificity in captures at habitats located only about 8 km apart from each other: C. gaultheriella was captured exclusively at a humid habitat covered by the shrub salal, Gaultheria shallon Pursh (Ericaceae), whereas C. lobatiella was trapped at an arid location with Garry oak trees, Quercus garryana Dougl. (Fagaceae). Seasonal flight patterns of these two Canadian Cameraria species, as monitored by pheromone traps, indicated differences in their respective flight periods. The possibility of additional cryptic components in the respective pheromones of these three Cameraria species attracted to E8Z10-14Ald is discussed.

scholarly journals Reproduction and feeding ecology of Amphisbaena munoai and Anops kingi (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae) in the Escudo Sul-Rio-Grandense, southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael L Balestrin ◽  
Lize H Cappellari
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Unimodal Pattern

This study presents original data on the reproduction and feeding ecology of two syntopic amphisbaenians, Amphisbaena munoai Klappenbach, 1969 and Anops kingi Bell, 1833, from southern Brazil. Sampling was carried out from April 2004 to April 2006 at a highland area located in São Jerônimo and Barão do Triunfo municipalities, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 647 amphisbaenians were collected, 510 specimens of A. munoai and 137 specimens of A. kingi, of which 130 and 93, respectively, had their gonads and gut content analyzed. Both species presented a unimodal pattern of seasonal distribution, sexually mature females with significantly larger snout vent length (SVL) than sexually mature males, and seasonal reproductive cycle. Adults of A. kingi had significantly larger (SVL) than those of Amphisbaena munoai. Both species had generalist diets, but termites (Isoptera) was a staple item in their diet. Greater predominance of insect larvae was observed in the diet of A. kingi, which may be due to its larger body in comparison to A. munoai. Insect larvae ingested by A. kingi were significantly larger than those ingested by A. munoai. Diets of adult males and females of both species were not significantly different. The ontogenetic diet comparison in both species revealed significant numerical differences, with adults consuming higher numbers of prey.

scholarly journals Reproductive behavior and parental roles of the cichlid fish Laetacara araguaiae

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Barreto Teresa ◽  
Eliane Gonçalves-de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
South American ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Reproductive Phases

We described the reproductive behavior of the small South American cichlid Laetacara araguaiae in streams from Brazil. We predicted that this species will show reproductive cooperation and division of labor between males and females in a similar way presented by other substrate-spawner cichlids. Thus, we studied 34 pairs in the pre-spawning (n = 11), egg/wriggler (n = 11) and fry (n = 12) phases. In the pre-spawning phase both sexes become involved in nest building and territorial defense, but females emphasizes building nest (p = 0.03), while males invest more time in territorial defense (p = 0.04). After spawning, male and female alternate between rearing eggs and defending nest in the territory. In the egg/wriggler phase females devotes more time rearing the brood while males remain defending territory (p = 0.02). These differences disappear when young are in the fry stage, and parents jointly stay closer to fry (p = 0.98). However, at this phase, there is a reduction in the frequency of threats shown by males (p<0.01) and an increase in the frequency of attacks shown by female (p<0.01) that could be a response to an increased demand for parental defense. Our results indicate that the reproductive cooperation between males and females of L. araguaiae is marked by division of labor in the early reproductive phases and by sharing of parental duties as brood develops.

Age- and sex-specific responses of the gray-tailed vole, Microtus canicaudus, to connected and unconnected habitat patches

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Davis-Born ◽  
Jerry O Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Habitat Patches ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Patchy Environments ◽  
Habitat Corridors ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

We monitored demography, movement, and reproductive behavior of gray-tailed voles, Microtus canicaudus, in experimental habitat patches with and without corridors to test the hypotheses that more individuals would move among patches in corridor than in control unconnected habitats, and that individuals would distribute themselves more evenly among patches if corridors were present than if they were not. We predicted that more males than females would move among patches in both treatments and that juveniles in control habitats would exhibit delayed sexual maturation if their dispersal was delayed and opposite-sex relatives remained in proximity to each other. All experiments were conducted in eight 0.2-ha enclosures planted with alfalfa that was fragmented into four patches (each 156 m2) separated by 12.5 m of bare ground. In four of the enclosures, patches were connected by 1 m wide habitat corridors. Corridors facilitated movements, with males moving more than females. However, corridors did not result in an even distribution of animals in the four patches. Unconnected habitat patches resulted in female-biased juvenile dispersal, and females dispersed at a lower body mass than males in both connected and unconnected habitats. Males that did not disperse from their natal patch grew at a slower rate than those that did disperse. We conclude that movement was deterred in patchy environments, enhanced by corridors, and differentially affects males and females. Behavioral factors that affect an individual's dispersal or reproductive pattern should be considered in landscape design.

Variability of skull and dental characteristics in Mus spicilegus from the northern border of its distributional range

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Čanády ◽  
Ladislav Mošanský ◽  
Lucia Uličná
Keyword(s):  
Field Trapping ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mus Spicilegus ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
Skull Measurements ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dental Traits

AbstractResults of morphometric analysis of the mound-building mouse (Mus spicilegus) evaluated in this study originate from field trapping in the eastern part of Slovakia during the years 2003–2008. Twenty-four cranial and dental variables and the zygomatic index (A/B) of 80 skulls (43 males, 37 females) were measured and evaluated with respect to the sex of the mice. Despite the fact that the overlap of skull measurements in adult males and females was high, sexual dimorphism was confirmed for several skull and dental traits. On average, the values for adult females of M. spicilegus were higher than males, with the exception of dental traits and the zygomatic index. Significant differences between adult males and females were found for the mean values of ten skull and dental parameters (LB, LCb, FL, LD, LMd, LaZ, LM1, LM1, LaM1 and LaM1). The values for the zygomatic index (A/B) overlapped between both sexes, but the higher average values in adult males were statistically significant. The results showed that the variability of the species confirmed in this paper was probably caused only at the regional level and did not differ from the findings reported by several authors for species from neighboring countries.

Reproductive Behavior of Hybrid Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred H. Berst ◽  
Alan R. Emery ◽  
George R. Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Acoustic Signaling ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Nest Digging ◽  
Males And Females

Observations of the reproductive behavior of splake (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush) planted in Jack Lake, Algonquin Park, Ont., indicated that they spawned on rocky shoals from late October to early November. In mid-October, splake approached the spawning locations. By late October females had selected redd sites and dominant males were aggressively defending the sites that had been cleared by the females, against other males. Redd digging was variable in duration and frequency. Depth of water over redds varied between 0.5 and 4 m. No attempts were made to cover the eggs, most of which settled into the crevices between rocks. Males and females used acoustic signals during both aggression and courtship. The male initiated courtship by maintaining his head over the female's tail, then crisscrossing over the tail. Parallel positioning of the two sexes was a prerequisite to release of sex products. Visual and sonic cues appeared to be used in sequencing behavior. Circling functioned as a neutral action to which any other courting behavior could revert. Nest digging ceased after completion of egg deposition. A swim-in-place behavior of the female was a positive indicator of egg deposition. Egg predation by adult splake was observed, but it appeared to offer no serious threat to natural reproduction. Laboratory observations of splake reproductive behavior in aquaria did not indicate any behavioral obstacles to successful natural reproduction. Courtship behavior and egg deposition in the artificial spawning beds was followed by normal development and emergence of fry.Key words: splake, reproductive behavior, Ontario, visual and acoustic signaling

THE SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERS AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF GONADECTOMIZED STICKLEBACKS TREATED WITH METHYL TESTOSTERONE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Hui Wai ◽  
William S. Hoar
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Building Behavior ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Secondary Sex Characters ◽  
Behavior Characteristic

Treatment of intact juvenile or gonadectomized adult male and female stickle-backs with methyl testosterone, either by immersion in dilute solutions or by implantation of pellets into the body cavity, induces male secondary sex characters. The effect, as quantified by measurements of the height of the brush border tubules in the mesonephros, is the same in both sexes and reaches a maximum in 3 to 4 weeks. Both the gonadectomized males and females develop prespawning aggressive and territorial behavior if maintained 4 or 5 weeks under long-day photoperiods (16-hour day alternating with 8-hour darkness). Such behavior does not appear under a short photoperiod. The administration of methyl testosterone does not intensify aggressive behavior in either the 8-hour or 16-hour photoperiod fish. The combined effects of long photoperiods and methyl testosterone induces nest-building behavior (characteristic of normal breeding males) in 50% to 60% of the castrated males and about 6% of the gonadectomized females. The behavior of the treated males is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to naturally matured fish but that of the females shows differences. Although male sexual behavior may also be induced in androgen treated castrates it has not been observed in the females under comparable experimental procedures.

Biology of the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq) on host bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 2098-2106
Author(s):  
T. Akter ◽  
M. M. H. Sohel
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

We investigated the biology of the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (coq) on bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria, using variety ‘BARI-Lau 1’. The mean incubation period, larval (1st, 2nd and 3rd instars), pre-pupal, pupal and total developmental periods of B. cucurbitae were 1.69±0.28, (1.72±0.33, 1.41±0.31, 2.31±0.51), 0.74±0.28, 9.2±0.78 and 36±1.69 days, respectively. The mean adult longevity, with food and without food was 14.1±1.28 and 5.0±0.81 days, respectively. The lengths of all three larval instars were 1.1± 0.9, 3.03 ± 0.95 and 6.42 ± 0.90 mm, and the widths were 0.22 ±0.11, 1.12 ± 0.01 and 2.13 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. The length and width of the pre-pupa and the pupa were 5.86 ±0.48, 5.68± 0.26 mm and 1.94 ± 0.23, 2.39±0.20 mm respectively. The length of male and female were 6.61±0.59 and 8.28±0.52 mm. The widths of males and females with wingspan were 10.97 ± 0.43 and 13.02±1.28 mm respectively. The incidence of B. cucurbitae as maggot population in bottle gourd was higher in January during the study period from December 2018 to March 2019.

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