scholarly journals Participation in collaborative projects as a precursor of trust in organizations for individuals with intellectual disability

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242075
Author(s):  
Naiara Vidal ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Tur ◽  
Luminița Pătraș ◽  
Esther Gracia ◽  
Carolina Moliner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Collaborative Teams ◽  
Over Time

The present study focuses on organizations delivering services to individuals with intellectual disability, where trust relations between professionals and family members are required. More specifically, we examine the existence of significant differences in the degree to which family members and professionals trust each other. We also propose that their joint participation in collaborative teams (VI) will improve trust (VD). Specifically, our teams (experimental condition) designed and implemented collaborative projects with the participation of professionals and family members. Participants in the control condition did not participate in the collaborative projects. Our results confirmed that family members trust professionals more than professionals trust family members. Their joint participation in collaborative projects improved professionals’ trust in family members over time, compared to the control condition. The effect of collaborative projects was not significant for family members’ trust in professionals.

scholarly journals The Positive Spiral Between Problem-Solving Management and Trust: A Study in Organizations for Individuals With Intellectual Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Estreder ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Tur ◽  
Inés Tomás ◽  
Alice Maniezki ◽  
José Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Over Time

To achieve their goals, organizations for individuals with intellectual disability have to stimulate high-quality relationships between professionals and family members. Therefore, achieving professionals’ trust in family members has become a challenge. One relevant factor in explaining professional’s trust in families is the degree to which family members use the “problem-solving” conflict management strategy (high concern for oneself but also for the other party) in their disputes–disagreements with professionals. It is reasonable to argue that when family members use problem-solving conflict management, professionals’ trust increases. Professionals’ trust, in turn, stimulates the use of problem-solving strategies by family members. However, it is also plausible that professionals are the initiators of this positive spiral (professionals’ trust–problem-solving conflict management by family members–professionals’ trust). To examine this relationship between problem solving and trust over time, we conducted a longitudinal survey study in which 329 professionals reported on these two constructs three times (with 4 weeks between the measurements). Using structural equation modeling, we compared four nested models: (a) stability, (b) causality (where the problem-solving strategy by familiar members is the initiator of the spiral), (c) reversed causation (where the professional’s trust is the initiator of the spiral), and (d) reciprocal (where problem-solving conflict management and trust reinforce each other). The results of the χ2 difference tests, regarding the comparison of the models, showed that the reciprocal model was significantly superior to the alternative proposals. Our findings supported a complex view of the relationships between problem-solving conflict management and trust, based on dynamic reciprocal relationships over time.

Religion and Memory in Tacitus' Annals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E. Shannon-Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Memory Theory ◽  
State Changes ◽  
New Form ◽  
Religious Material ◽  
Over Time

This study demonstrates the importance of references to religious material in Tacitus’ Annals by analyzing them using cultural memory theory. Throughout his narrative of Julio-Claudian Rome in the Annals, Tacitus includes numerous references to the gods, fate, fortune, astrology, omens, temples, priests, emperor cult, and other religious material. Tacitus, who was not only a historian but also a member of Rome’s quindecimviral priesthood, shows a marked interest in even the most detailed rituals of Roman religious life. Yet his portrayal of religious material also suggests that the system is under threat with the advent of the principate. Traditional rituals are forgotten as the shape of the Roman state changes. Simultaneously, a new form of cultic commemoration develops as deceased emperors are deified and the living emperor and his family members are treated in increasingly worshipful ways by his subjects. The study traces the deployment of religious material throughout Tacitus’ narrative, to show how Tacitus views the development of this cultic ‘amnesia’ over time, from the reign of the cryptic, autocratic, and oddly mystical Tiberius, through Claudius’ failed attempts at reviving tradition, to the final sacrilegious disasters of the impious Nero.

The Physical Activity Support Needs and Strategies Scale: Its Development and Use

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Maria Carbó-Carreté ◽  
Joan Guàrdia-Olmos ◽  
Climent Giné
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Present Conception ◽  
Adequate Reliability

Abstract People with intellectual disability (ID) engage in insufficient physical activity which negatively affects their health. In accordance with the present conception of ID and the supports paradigm, the current study aimed to develop and psychometrically assess an instrument examining the support needs and strategies regarding physical activity by using individuals with ID (n = 529), service providers (n = 522), and family members (n = 462) as information sources. The analysis revealed adequate reliability for the proposed instrument, with α values between .70 and .80, and adequate construct validity for the versions of the scale for the 3 information sources, particularly for service providers. The assessment information can be included in Individualized Support Plans and could be used to design and implement the strategies for facilitating a person's physical activity in their community.

scholarly journals Subtelomeric Rearrangements: Presentation of 21 Probands with Emphasis on Familial Cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Soares ◽  
Gabriela Soares ◽  
Manuela Mota-Freitas ◽  
Natália Oliva-Teles ◽  
Ana Maria Fortuna
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Comparative Genomic Hybridization ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormality ◽  
Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Genomic Hybridization ◽  
Subtelomeric Rearrangements

Introduction: Intellectual disability affects 2% – 3% of the general population, with a chromosomal abnormality being found in 4% – 28% of these patients and a cryptic subtelomeric abnormality in 3% – 16%. In most cases, these subtelomeric rearrangements are submicroscopic, requiring techniques other than conventional karyotype for detection. They may be de novo or inherited from an affected parent or from a healthy carrier of a balanced chromosomal abnormality. The aim of this study was to characterize patients from our medical genetics center, in whom both a deletion and duplication in subtelomeric regions were found.Material and Methods: Clinical and cytogenetic characterization of 21 probands followed at our center, from 1998 until 2017, with subtelomeric rearrangements.Results: There were 21 probands from 19 families presenting with intellectual disability and facial dysmorphisms. Seven had behavior changes, five had epilepsy and 14 presented with some other sign or symptom. Four had chromosomal abnormalities detected by conventional karyotype and four were diagnosed by array-comparative genomic hybridization. In four cases, parental studies were not possible. The online mendelian inheritance in man classification was provided whenever any of the phenotypes (deletion or duplication syndrome) was dominant.Discussion: Patients and relevant family members were clinically and cytogenetically characterized. Although rare, subtelomeric changes are a substantial cause of syndromic intellectual disability with important familial repercussions. It is essential to remember that a normal array-comparative genomic hybridization result does not exclude a balanced rearrangement in the parents.Conclusion: Parental genetic studies are essential not only for a complete characterization of the rearrangement, but also for accurate genetic counselling and screening of family members at risk for recurrence.

scholarly journals FUTURE PLANNING AMONG OLDER CAREGIVERS OF FAMILY MEMBERS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY OR MENTAL ILLNESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S287-S287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Yangdi Han
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
Older Caregivers ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Objectives: This study aims to examine future planning among older caregivers for family members with intellectual disability or mental illness, focusing on preferences, predictors and barriers. Method: Data were drawn from 260 caregivers (aged 50 or older) to a family member with intellectual disability or mental illness in Shanghai, China. Caregivers rated six types of future care arrangement under three circumstances: (1) the ideal situation, (2) unable to provide care due to age-related illnesses, and (3) caregivers are deceased. Socio-demographic factors associated with future planning were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Caregivers also rated twelve barriers to future planning. Results: Government-subsidized care facility is the most preferable care arrangement across the three circumstances. While continuing family care was still preferred if caregivers were to become sick or deceased, it was a less preferred option in the ideal situation. Common barriers were the cost of institutional care and the inadequate skills of the staff. Regarding the predictors of future planning, the older the caregivers were, the less likely they had no future plans. Caregivers were more likely to prefer family care over institutional care if their family members had mild impairment. Caregivers of a family member with mental illness were more likely to have no future planning than caregivers of a family member with intellectual disability. Conclusion: This study identified the needs of older caregivers for future planning specific to different circumstances. It also identified demographic profiles of future planning and the caregiver population at risk of no future planning.

scholarly journals ADVANCING THE MEASUREMENT OF INTERGENERATIONAL CONTACT: BEYOND ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S626-S626
Author(s):  
Shelbie Turner ◽  
Karen Hooker ◽  
Shannon E Jarrott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Intergenerational Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Intergenerational Interactions ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In our presentation, we will offer insights into our process of creating and validating a comprehensive theory- and evidence- informed measure of intergenerational contact that expands beyond the measurement of age-related attitudes. While attitudinal shifts are an important construct related to intergenerational contact and its impact on ageism, efforts to “Reframe Aging” require a more nuanced understanding of the mechanisms by which intergenerational contact can have positive impacts on individuals, families, and communities. Intergenerational contact is dynamic; it varies both between- and within- people, dyads, and places, as well as over time. Our measure includes quantity and qualities of intergenerational contact, including the extent to which the contact is between family vs. non-family members. Unlike existing measures of intergenerational relationship, ours reflects young persons’ and older adults’ intergenerational relationships. A psychometrically valid instrument of intergenerational contact is an essential first-step for determining how aging can be reframed through intergenerational interactions.

More Than Just a Mammogram: Breast Cancer Screening Perspectives of Relatives of Women With Intellectual Disability

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nechama W. Greenwood ◽  
Deborah Dreyfus ◽  
Joanne Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being

Abstract Women with intellectual disability (ID) have similar rates of breast cancer as the general public, but higher breast cancer mortality and lower rates of regular screening mammography. Screening rates are lowest among women who live with their families. Though women with ID often make decisions in partnership with their relatives, we lack research related to family member perspectives on mammography. We conducted a qualitative study of family members of women with ID, with an interview guide focused on health care decision making and experiences, and breast cancer screening barriers, facilitators, and beliefs as related to their loved ones. Sixteen family members underwent semistructured interviews. Important themes included mammography as a reference point for other social and cultural concerns, such as their loved one's sexuality or what it means to be an adult woman; fear of having to make hard decisions were cancer to be diagnosed acting as a barrier to screening; a focus on quality of life; and desire for quality health care for their loved one, though quality care did not always equate to regular cancer screening. Adults with ID are valued members of their families, and their relatives are invested in their well-being. However, families fear the potentially complicated decisions associated with a cancer diagnosis and may choose to forgo screening due to misinformation and a focus on quality of life. Effective interventions to address disparities in mammography should focus on adults with ID and their families together, and incorporate the family context.

Family Members' Experiences with Viewing in the Wake of Sudden Death

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Harrington ◽  
Bethany Sprowl
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Professional Interactions

Sudden deaths leave families in crisis and interacting with many professionals from notification through to burial. Whether to view the deceased is often central to discussion. Practice guidelines have evolved over time regarding where, when, how, and why viewing should or should not occur. Unfortunately, there is much contradiction in existing recommendations and a marked absence of a supporting evidence base for the practice of viewing itself, and the influence of this practice on the overall bereavement process. Using a qualitative approach, this study explored the perspectives and experiences of the suddenly bereaved with respect to: viewing or not having viewed; whether or not their viewing experiences have impacted on their bereavement process; and explored particular aspects of their experience such as interactions with various professionals. Results of this study are clustered and presented under three core themes: viewing specifics; intrapersonal responses; and professional interactions.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on people ageing with an intellectual disability in Ireland: Protocol for a follow-up survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Mary McCarron ◽  
Andrew Allen ◽  
Darren McCausland ◽  
Margaret Haigh ◽  
Retha Luus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Proxy Respondent ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background:  The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns have had a dramatic impact on many people, but individuals with an intellectual disability, given the prevalence of congregate living and high levels of co-morbid conditions, may be particularly vulnerable at this time. A prior initial survey of participants of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA) found that, despite a majority of participants being tested, only a small proportion had tested positive for COVID-19. Furthermore, despite some reporting positive aspects to the lockdown, a similar proportion were experiencing stress or anxiety during the pandemic. The pandemic and lockdowns have continued, and it is possible that experiences and consequences have changed over time. Aim: To explore over time and in greater depth the impact of COVID-19 and associated lockdowns and to further establish rates of infection, rates of vaccination and participants’ experiences. Methods: A structured questionnaire for people with intellectual disability participating in the IDS-TILDA longitudinal study, to be administered by telephone/video in summer 2021. Where participants are unable to respond independently, a proxy respondent will be invited to either assist the participant or answer questions on their behalf. This questionnaire will include questions from the first COVID-19 questionnaire, with extra questions assessing “long COVID” (i.e. COVID-19 lasting for 12 weeks or longer), infection control behaviours, changes in mental health, social contacts and loneliness, frailty, healthcare, and incidence of vaccination. Impact: The results of this survey will be used to inform healthcare provision for people with intellectual disability during the latter stages of the lockdown and into the future.

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