scholarly journals Potential impact of COVID-19 related unemployment on increased cardiovascular disease in a high-income country: Modeling health loss, cost and equity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0246053
Author(s):  
Nhung Nghiem ◽  
Nick Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
High Income ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Health Loss ◽  
Life Years

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of health loss and health sector economic burdens in high-income countries. Unemployment is associated with increased risk of CVD, and so there is concern that the economic downturn associated with the COVID-19 pandemic will increase the CVD burden. Aims This modeling study aimed to quantify potential health loss, health cost burden and health inequities among people with CVD due to additional unemployment caused by COVID-19 pandemic-related economic disruption in one high-income country: New Zealand (NZ). Methods We adapted an established and validated multi-state life-table model for CVD in the national NZ population. We modeled indirect effects (ie, higher CVD incidence due to high unemployment rates) for various scenarios of pandemic-related unemployment projections from the NZ Treasury. Results We estimated the potential CVD-related heath loss in NZ to range from 23,300 to 36,900 health-adjusted life years (HALYs) for the different unemployment scenarios. Health inequities would be increased with the per capita health loss for Māori (Indigenous population) estimated to be 3.7 times greater than for non-Māori (49.9 vs 13.5 HALYs lost per 1000 people). The estimated additional health system costs ranged between (NZ$303 million [m] to 503m in 2019 values; or US$209m to 346m). Conclusions and policy implications Unemployment due to the COVID-19 pandemic could cause significant health loss, increase health inequities from CVD, and impose additional health system costs in this high-income country. Prevention measures should be considered by governments to reduce this risk, including additional job creation programs and measures directed towards the primary prevention of CVD.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 related unemployment on increased cardiovascular disease in a high-income country: Modeling health loss, cost and equity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Nghiem ◽  
Nick Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
High Income ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Health Loss ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of health loss and health sector economic burdens in high-income countries. Unemployment is associated with increased risk of CVD, and so there is concern that the economic downturn associated with the COVID-19 pandemic will increase the CVD burden. Aims This modeling study aimed to quantify health loss, health cost burden and health inequities among people with CVD due to additional unemployment caused by COVID-19 pandemic-related economic disruption in one high-income country: New Zealand (NZ). Methods We adapted an established and validated multi-state life-table model for CVD in the national NZ population. We modeled indirect effects (ie, higher CVD incidence due to high unemployment rates) for various scenarios of pandemic-related unemployment projections. Results We estimated the CVD-related heath loss in NZ to range from 23,300 to 36,900 HALYs (health-adjusted life years) for the different unemployment scenarios. Health inequities for Māori (Indigenous population) were 3.7 times greater compared to non-Māori (49.9 vs 13.5 HALYs lost per 1000 people). Conclusions and policy implications Unemployment due to the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to cause significant health loss and health inequities from CVD in this high-income country. Prevention measures should be considered by governments to reduce this risk, including job creation programs and measures directed towards CVD prevention.

Vitamin A in Children Hospitalized for Measles in a High-Income Country

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lo Vecchio ◽  
Maria Donata Cambriglia ◽  
Dario Bruzzese ◽  
Alfredo Guarino
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country

scholarly journals Stuck in the middle: a systematic review of authorship in collaborative health research in Africa, 2014–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany L Hedt-Gauthier ◽  
Herve Momo Jeufack ◽  
Nicholas H Neufeld ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Sara Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
African Country ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
The Usa

BackgroundCollaborations are often a cornerstone of global health research. Power dynamics can shape if and how local researchers are included in manuscripts. This article investigates how international collaborations affect the representation of local authors, overall and in first and last author positions, in African health research.MethodsWe extracted papers on ‘health’ in sub-Saharan Africa indexed in PubMed and published between 2014 and 2016. The author’s affiliation was used to classify the individual as from the country of the paper’s focus, from another African country, from Europe, from the USA/Canada or from another locale. Authors classified as from the USA/Canada were further subclassified if the author was from a top US university. In primary analyses, individuals with multiple affiliations were presumed to be from a high-income country if they contained any affiliation from a high-income country. In sensitivity analyses, these individuals were presumed to be from an African country if they contained any affiliation an African country. Differences in paper characteristics and representation of local coauthors are compared by collaborative type using χ² tests.ResultsOf the 7100 articles identified, 68.3% included collaborators from the USA, Canada, Europe and/or another African country. 54.0% of all 43 429 authors and 52.9% of 7100 first authors were from the country of the paper’s focus. Representation dropped if any collaborators were from USA, Canada or Europe with the lowest representation for collaborators from top US universities—for these papers, 41.3% of all authors and 23.0% of first authors were from country of paper’s focus. Local representation was highest with collaborators from another African country. 13.5% of all papers had no local coauthors.DiscussionIndividuals, institutions and funders from high-income countries should challenge persistent power differentials in global health research. South-South collaborations can help African researchers expand technical expertise while maintaining presence on the resulting research.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on the Delivery of Critical Health Care: Experience From a Non–High-Income Country

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 473-475
Author(s):  
Thirunavukarasu Kumanan ◽  
Chrishanthi Rajasooriyar ◽  
Mahesan Guruparan ◽  
Nadarajah Sreeharan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Care Experience ◽  
Health Care Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Critical Health Care

scholarly journals China’s Emerging Global Middle Class

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-108
Author(s):  
Björn Gustafsson ◽  
Terry Sicular ◽  
Xiuna Yang
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
High Income Country ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Chip Data ◽  
Global Middle Class

This chapter examines China’s middle class by using CHIP data for 2002, 2007, and 2013. “Middle class” is defined as having income high enough not to be regarded as poor but not so high as to be regarded as rich if living in a high-income country. Based on this definition, China’s middle class was extremely small in 2002; grew but was still less than 10 percent of the population in 2007; and by 2013 had expanded to one-fifth of China’s population, roughly 250 million people. Further analysis shows that China’s middle class is largely urban, lives in the East, and has other distinctive characteristics. Simulations reveal that past growth of China’s middle class was due to across-the-board, shared income growth rather than a redistribution of income. As of 2020 China’s middle class should double in size, constituting a majority of urban residents but still a small minority of rural residents.

scholarly journals Population-based incidence rate of inpatient and outpatient surgical procedures in a high-income country

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Omling ◽  
A. Jarnheimer ◽  
J. Rose ◽  
J. Björk ◽  
J. G. Meara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Country ◽  
High Income Country
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