scholarly journals Early amphibians evolved distinct vertebrae for habitat invasions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251983
Author(s):  
Aja Mia Carter ◽  
S. Tonia Hsieh ◽  
Peter Dodson ◽  
Lauren Sallan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Paleozoic Tetrapods ◽  
Vertebral Shape

Living tetrapods owe their existence to a critical moment 360–340 million years ago when their ancestors walked on land. Vertebrae are central to locomotion, yet systematic testing of correlations between vertebral form and terrestriality and subsequent reinvasions of aquatic habitats is lacking, obscuring our understanding of movement capabilities in early tetrapods. Here, we quantified vertebral shape across a diverse group of Paleozoic amphibians (Temnospondyli) encompassing different habitats and nearly the full range of early tetrapod vertebral shapes. We demonstrate that temnospondyls were likely ancestrally terrestrial and had several early reinvasions of aquatic habitats. We find a greater diversity in temnospondyl vertebrae than previously known. We also overturn long-held hypotheses centered on weight-bearing, showing that neural arch features, including muscle attachment, were plastic across the water-land divide and do not provide a clear signal of habitat preferences. In contrast, intercentra traits were critical, with temnospondyls repeatedly converging on distinct forms in terrestrial and aquatic taxa, with little overlap between. Through our geometric morphometric study, we have been able to document associations between vertebral shape and environmental preferences in Paleozoic tetrapods and to reveal morphological constraints imposed by vertebrae to locomotion, independent of ancestry.

scholarly journals Evolution of Neck Vertebral Shape and Neck Retraction at the Transition to Modern Turtles: an Integrated Geometric Morphometric Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Werneburg ◽  
L. A. B. Wilson ◽  
W. C. H. Parr ◽  
W. G. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Vertebral Shape

Use of aquatic plants by moose: sodium hunger or foraging efficiency?

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2345-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. MacCracken ◽  
Victor Van Ballenberghe ◽  
James M. Peek
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Emergent Species

Use of submergent aquatic plants by North American moose (Alces alces) has been linked to sodium hunger. Habitat preferences, seasonal diets, forage abundance and quality, and population surveys indicated that emergent plants in small shallow ponds were important to moose on the Copper River Delta, Alaska. However, sodium was abundant in terrestrial browse. We propose that foraging in aquatic habitats, particularly on emergent species, may be highly efficient based on the following habitat attributes and behavioral observations: (i) ponds dominated by either emergent or submergent species produced about 4 times more forage than terrestrial habitats, (ii) emergent and submergent plants were more digestible and had higher concentrations of minerals than browse, (iii) use of aquatic habitats followed trends in forage production over the growing season, (iv) indirect evidence suggested that forage intake rates were greater in aquatic habitats, and (v) use of aquatic habitats by male and female moose was in proportion to the sex structure of the population. These data provide consistent circumstantial evidence that use of emergent species, and possibly submergents, may maximize the intake of nutrients and also reduce conflicts between cropping forage and vigilance during a foraging bout.

scholarly journals Treatment of chronic acromioclavicular joint dislocation in a paraplegic patient with the Weaver-Dunn procedure and a hook-plate

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Godry ◽  
Mustafa Citak ◽  
Matthias Königshausen ◽  
Thomas A. Schildhauer ◽  
Dominik Seybold
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Hook Plate ◽  
Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation ◽  
Ac Joint ◽  
Joint Dislocation ◽  
Ac Joint Dislocation ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract In case of patients with spinal cord injury and concomitant acromioclavicular (AC) jointdislocation the treatment is challenging, as in this special patient group the function of the shoulder joint is critical because patients depend on the upper limb for mobilization and wheelchair-locomotion. Therefore the goal of this study was to examine, if the treatment of chronic AC-joint dislocation using the Weaver- Dunn procedure augmented with a hook-plate in patients with a spinal cord injury makes early postoperative wheelchair mobilization and the wheelchair transfer with full weightbearing possible. In this case the Weaver- Dunn procedure with an additive hook-plate was performed in a 34-year-old male patient with a complete paraplegia and a posttraumatic chronic AC-joint dislocation. The patient was allowed to perform his wheelchair transfers with full weight bearing on the first postoperative day. The removal of the hook-plate was performed four months after implantation. At the time of follow-up the patient could use his operated shoulder with full range of motion without restrictions in his activities of daily living or his wheel-chair transfers.

scholarly journals Subterranean Species in Washington, D.C.: Spatial Analysis, Habitat Preferences, & Urban Conservation Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Keany
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Species List ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Subterranean Species

Washington, D.C. is home to a remarkable assemblage of troglomorphic amphipods and isopods living in shallow groundwater habitats, the hypotelminorheic. Groundwater from the hypotelminorheic emerges on the surface into low-flowing seepage springs, or “seeps”, which are categorized as having blackened leaves, an underlain layer of clay, a drainage area of less than 10,000 m2, and are situated in slight topographical depressions. Stygobiotic species found in D.C.’s seeps include Crangonyx and Stygobromus amphipods and Caecidotea isopods. One species, Stygobromus hayi, is on the endangered species list and is endemic to the district; however, little is known about their habitat preferences or their distribution. All small water bodies, including rainwater puddles and seepage springs were sampled in national park lands in Southeast D.C. for hypotelminorheic fauna, soil morphology, and water quality indicators such as nitrates, phosphates, radon, pH, DO, and conductivity. Comparing sites with and without stygobionts, all phsysico-chemical parameters were statistically insignificant except for conductivity, which was able to distinguish between stygobiont-rich and stygobiont-poor seeps using logistic regression. Spatially, Crangonyx and Stygobromus amphipods rarely inhabit the same seepage spring, with only three occasions of cohabitation and an expected occurrence of ten. Caecidotea, however, is found in habitats with both amphipods. These results can be explained by either competitive exclusion or the presence of chemical differences in their habitats; however, even if there were some slight differences in their habitats, that still does not exclude competitive exclusion as an explanation. This study highlights new and important findings into the environmental preferences of D.C.’s most cryptic and rare species, and the importance of continued exploration of D.C.’s lesser known park lands.

scholarly journals Case Report of a Medial Femoral Condyle Fracture in a Unicompartmental Oxford Knee Replacement Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Stable Osteosynthesis ◽  
Condyle Fracture

Introduction: The unicompartmental Oxford prosthesis has been used as a goodalternative for medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis because it is associated with earlyrehabilitation and a low rate of intraoperative complications. This case describes a rarecomplication during the procedure. Case Presentation: We present an intraoperative fracture of the medial condyle in a 70-year-old woman that was treated with 6.5 mm cannulated screws with a compressiontechnique. The patient remained in a non-weight bearing protocol for 6 weeks andreached a full range of mobility at 3 months. Complete radiological consolidation and agood functional outcome were observed. Conclusion: Intraoperative fractures benefit from a stable osteosynthesis that allows freerange of mobility and does not delay postoperative rehabilitation.

scholarly journals The nasomaxillary complex and the cranial base in artificial cranial deformation: relationships from a geometric morphometric study

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Ferros ◽  
Maria J. Mora ◽  
Idoia F. Obeso ◽  
Publio Jimenez ◽  
Arturo Martinez-Insua
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Base ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Geometric Morphometric

Sauropod Tracks — a geometric morphometric study

Morphometrics ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Azevedo Rodrigues ◽  
Vanda Faria Santos
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Sauropod Tracks

scholarly journals Screw osteosynthesis of transverse fracture of the patella in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000014
Author(s):  
Simon Oksbjerre Mortensen ◽  
Anne Mette Stausholm ◽  
Rikke Thorninger
Keyword(s):  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Full Weight Bearing ◽  
Transverse Fracture ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Fractures In Children ◽  
Patella Fractures ◽  
Special Surgery

ObjectivePatella fractures in children are rare, with an incidence of less than 1% of all pediatric fractures. Literature describes different surgical techniques and outcomes, but there is not a specified superior technique for children. The aim of this study is to assess the functional outcome after screw fixation of transverse patella fractures in children.MethodsTwo boys at 11 years of age were presented with a transverse fracture of the patella within the same week. Open reduction and fixation of the fractured patella with periost sutures and a 4.0 mm titanium screw inserted from the distal fragment. Afterward, the quadriceps expansion was meticulously repaired with sutures.ResultsThe patients could fully weight bear immediately on a fully extended knee in an orthosis. After 4 weeks, radiological healing was obtained. At the 8-week and 6-month follow-up, the modified Hospital of Special Surgery knee score was 100 points in both patients.ConclusionSingle screw fixation provides an excellent outcome after 8 weeks with a full range of motion and full weight bearing, providing a faster recovery.

scholarly journals Surgical Repair of Open Achilles Tendon Injuries Using No.1 Prolene to Pull Down the Proximal Tendon: A Safe Technique

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
Sayed Ahmed ◽  
Debashis Roy ◽  
S Uddin Ahmed ◽  
M Enamul Haque ◽  
Moshidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Suture Material ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Partial Weight Bearing ◽  
Active Flexion ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
Partial Weight ◽  
Distal Tendon

From July 1998 to October 2004 forty-seven patients with open tendo-Achilles injuries were treated pull down the proximal tendon with no.1 prolene. In this surgical method no.1 prolene was threaded through the proximal tendon and the same suture material passed through the distal tendon and its bilateral ends were tightened over the rubber button either under the heel or by the sides of the heel. Box sutures apposed cut ends of the tendon. The ankle was placed in the cast in near neutral position. At six weeks the cast was removed and active flexion program was started. Partial weight bearing was allowed at seven weeks and full bearing was allowed at ten weeks after surgery. The average follow up period is 1.8 years. All the patients exhibited full range of motion at the final follow-up. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3792 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 132-134

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