scholarly journals Comparison of photosynthetic activity and heat tolerance between near isogenic lines of wheat with different photosynthetic rates

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0255896
Author(s):  
Chongyang Li ◽  
Mingyang Ma ◽  
Tianpeng Zhang ◽  
Pengwen Feng ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world, but the yield and quality of wheat are highly susceptible to heat stress, especially during the grain-filling stage. Therefore, it is crucial to select high-yield and high-temperature-resistant varieties for food cultivation. There is a positive correlation between the yield and photosynthetic rate of wheat during the entire grain-filling stage, but few studies have shown that lines with high photosynthetic rates can maintain higher thermotolerance at the same time. In this study, two pairs of wheat near isogenic lines (NILs) with different photosynthetic rates were used for all experiments. Our results indicated that under heat stress, lines with a high photosynthetic rate could maintain the activities of photosystem II (PSII) and key Calvin cycle enzymes in addition to their higher photosynthetic rates. The protein levels of D1 and HSP70 were significantly increased in the highly photosynthetic lines, which contributed to maintaining high photosynthetic rates and ensuring the stability of the Calvin cycle under heat stress. Furthermore, we found that lines with a high photosynthetic rate could maintain high antioxidant enzyme activity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce ROS accumulation better than lines with a low photosynthetic rate under high-temperature stress. These findings suggest that lines with high photosynthetic rates can maintain a higher photosynthetic rate despite heat stress and are more thermotolerant than lines with low photosynthetic rates.

scholarly journals The expression of the gene associated with β-glucan content, β-amylase and limit dextrinase synthesis as affected by post-heading heat stress in barley

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjing Ni ◽  
Huifang Zhao ◽  
Guoping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Malt Quality ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Limit Dextrinase ◽  
Malt Barley ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract Background: Malt barley shows a dramatic deterioration of malt quality when exposed to heat or high temperature stress during grain-filling stage (post heading), and global change results in the more frequent occurrence of high temperature, posing a severe threat to high-quality malt barley production. In a previous study, we found heat stress during grain-filling stage caused the significant reduction of kernel weight, and the significant increase of protein and β-glucan content, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase (LD) activities, and the effect varied with barley genotypes and the time of heat stress exposure.Results: In this study, we determined the relative expressions of HvCslF6 and HvCslF9 for β-glucan, HvBmy1 for β-amylase and LD gene for limit dextrinase of two barley cultivars（ZU9 and Hua30）under the two heat stress (HS) treatments (32/26℃, day/night), initiated from the 7th day (early grain-filling stage) and the14th day (middle grain-filling stage) after heading. In comparison with normal temperature (24/18℃, day/night), HS treatments significantly up-regulated the relative expression of all four genes, and Hua30 being larger than ZU9. The change pattern of each examined gene for the two barley genotypes under heat stress treatments is completely consistent with that of corresponding malt quality trait as affected by heat stress.Conclusion: The results indicate that the enhancement of β-glucan content, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase activities under high temperature during grain filling stage is at least in part attributed to increased expression of the relevant genes.

scholarly journals Effects of high temperature stress during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, lipids and grain yield in wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman ◽  
Sruthi Narayanan ◽  
Eva Erdayani ◽  
P.V. Vara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane Damage

Abstract Background : Short episodes of high temperature (HT) stress during reproductive stages of development cause significant yield losses in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Two independent experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of high temperature (HT) during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, leaf lipidome, and yield traits in wheat. In experiment I, wheat genotype Seri82 was exposed to optimum temperature (OT; 22/14 °C; day/night) or HT (32/22 °C) for 14 d during anthesis stage. In experiment II, the plants were exposed to OT or HT for 14 d during grain filling stage. During the HT stress, chlorophyll index, thylakoid membrane damage, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and leaf lipid composition were measured. At maturity, grain yield and its components were quantified. Results : HT stress during anthesis or grain filling stage decreased photosynthetic rate (17 and 25%, respectively) and grain yield plant -1 (29 and 44%, respectively), and increased thylakoid membrane damage (61 and 68%, respectively) compared to their respective control (OT). HT stress during anthesis or grain filling stage increased the levels of less unsaturated lipid species [36:5- monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG)]. However, at grain filling stage, HT stress decreased the levels of more unsaturated lipid species (36:6- MGDG and DGDG). There was a significant positive relationship between photosynthetic rate and grain yield plant -1 , and a negative relationship between thylakoid membrane damage and photosynthetic rate. Conclusions : The study suggests that maintaining thylakoid membrane stability, and seed-set percent and individual grain weight under HT stress can improve photosynthetic rate and grain yield, respectively.

scholarly journals Time of Fusarium inoculation and post-anthesis temperature stress affect FHB severity and DON concentration in winter wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 953-962
Author(s):  
Victor Okereke ◽  
Hannah Jones ◽  
Mike Gooding
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Temperature Interaction

Two pot experiments were conducted using elite lines and near isogenic lines (NILs) of winter wheat in a controlled environment to evaluate the effect of time of inoculation and subsequent increase in temperature during grain-filling on Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) on the infected wheat grains. The experiments were a complete factorial combination with randomised replicates. Fusarium graminearum was used to spray inoculate wheat spikes at glume loose (GL). GL was established when the lower glume could be opened with a thumbnail. Fusarium inoculation was done at glume loose (GL+0), 4 and 8 days after (GL+4 and GL+8), respectively. Pots transferred to controlled environment cabinets set at 23/15oC or 28/20oC. Results reveal that FHB severity showed a significant (P<0.05) cultivar and temperature interaction in both elite and near isogenic lines. High temperature increased FHB severity by 35% in the NILs. DON concentration showed cultivar sensitive in both sets of cultivars. Inoculation at GL+4 which corresponded with the mid-anthesis gave the highest FHB severity and DON concentration in NILs, while the elite cultivars showed cultivar sensitive to DON accumulation regardless of the time of Fusarium inoculation.

scholarly journals Detrimental effects of heat stress on grain weight and quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are aggravated by decreased relative humidity

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11218
Author(s):  
Haoliang Yan ◽  
Chunhu Wang ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Xiaohai Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

There is concern over the impact of global warming on rice production due increased heat stress, coupled with decreased relative humidity (RH). It is unknown how rice yield and quality are affected by heat stress and decreased RH during the grain filling stage. We conducted experiments in controlled growth chambers on six rice cultivars, varying in heat tolerance using 12 combinative treatments of three factors: two RH levels (75% and 85%), three temperature levels (the daily maximum temperature at 33 °C, 35 °C, and 37 °C), and two durations (8 d and 15 d after anthesis). Results showed that RH75% with temperature treatments significantly reduced grain weight, which was higher than RH85%. The same trend was also observed for both head rice rate and chalkiness. R168 was the most heat-tolerant cultivar, but it still had some differences in grain weight, head rice rate, and chalkiness between the two RH regimes. The lower RH was most detrimental at 35 °C, and to a lesser extent at 33 °C, but had a negligible effect at 37 °C. Our results provide a better understanding of temperature and RH’s interaction effects on rice quality during the grain filling stage, suggesting that RH should be considered in heat tolerance screening and identification to facilitate rice breeding and genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Blast Resistant Early Maturing Rice ‘Jungmo1024’ with High Temperature Tolerance during Grain Filling Stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Ung Jeung ◽  
Young-Seop Shin ◽  
Im-Soo Choi ◽  
Jae-Ki Chang ◽  
Myeong-Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

scholarly journals The effect of heat stress on some main spike traits in 12 wheat cultivars at anthesis and mid-grain filling stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Milan Mirosavljević ◽  
Sanja Mikić ◽  
Ankica Kondić Špika ◽  
Vesna Župunski ◽  
Rong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

High temperature decreases winter wheat grain yield by reducing the grain number and grain weight. The effect of heat stress on spike grain distribution and weight of individual grains within spike and spikelets was less studied. Our aim is to identify influence of high temperatures during different phenological stages on spike grain distribution and weight and to explore genotypic variation of the studied wheat cultivars. Within this study, a controlled experiment was conducted with 12 different winter wheat cultivars under heat stress at anthesis and mid-grain filling stage. The results showed that spike grain weight, thousand-grain weight and grain number per spike decreased moderately in treatments with individual heat stress at anthesis and mid-grain filling period, respectively, which decreased severely in the multiple heat stressed plants at both stages compared with the control treatment. Heat stress decreased number of spikelets with grains. Grain weight at the G1, G2 and G3 positions had a positive relationship with spike grain weight. Among the studied Serbian wheat cultivars Subotičanka and Renesansa were identified as the most heat tolerant and sensitive, respectively. Heat tolerance of the studied cultivars should be based on the cultivar capacity to retain higher grain weight, and to maintain production of distal spikelet grains.

scholarly journals Heat Stress Affects Seed Set and Grain Quality of Vietnamese Rice Cultivars during Heading and Grain Filling Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Tran Loc Thuy ◽  
Tran Ngoc Thach ◽  
Tran Thi Thanh Xa ◽  
Chau Thanh Nha ◽  
Vo Thi Tra My ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
High Temperature Environment

Environmental stress trigger a variety of rice plant response, ranging from alters seed set, grain yield and grain quality during flowering and grain filling stage.  Efforts are required to improve our understanding of the impact of heat stress on rice production, which are essential strategies in rice cultivation. This article investigated the seed set, yield components and grain yield of Vietnamese rice cultivars (Indica germplasm) under high temperature environment during the flowering and grain filling stage. Six rice cultivars, including popular cultivars and new cultivars of Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, and one popular extraneous cultivar with differences in maturing time, were grown in pots at high temperature (HT) and natural temperature condition as control (CT). All rice cultivars were subjected to the high temperature starting from the heading stage to the harvest maturity, applied by greenhouse effect. The greenhouse has about 25 cm window opening on 3 sides for air ventilation. The seed set rate of the heat-sensitive rice genotypes decreased significantly under HT, leading to a significant reduction in grain yield. The lowest seed set was recorded in “OM4900” (44.3%) and “OM18” (39.9%) under high temperature environment. The lower yield in all rice cultivars at an elevated temperature resulted in a dramatic decrease of filled grains and contributed to a loss of 1000-grain weight. ‘“OM892” is a potential rice cultivar for heat tolerant breeding program due to the seed set percentage was above 80% in both HT and CT conditions. High temperature during the grain filling stage resulted in a decreased amylose and increased chalkiness for all OM cultivars.

Effects of combined high temperature and drought stress on amylose and protein contents at rice grain-filling stage

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Ye GAO ◽  
San-Gen WANG ◽  
Xue-Feng ZONG ◽  
Zhong-Hua TENG ◽  
Fang-Ming ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Impact of high temperature stress during reproductive and grain filling stage in rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Beena ◽  
Veena Vighneswaran ◽  
P Sindhumole ◽  
MC Narayankutty ◽  
SR Voleti
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage
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