scholarly journals Rice quality and its impacts on food security and sustainability in Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261118
Author(s):  
Indrani Saha ◽  
Alvaro Durand-Morat ◽  
Lawton Lanier Nalley ◽  
Mohammad Jahangir Alam ◽  
Rodolfo Nayga
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Rice Quality ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
Co2 Equivalent ◽  
Rice Prices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Food Security

Rice market efficiency is important for food security in countries where rice is a staple. We assess the impact of rice quality on rice prices, food security, and environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. We find that while price varies as expected for most quality attributes, it is unaffected by a broken percentage below 24.9 percent. This reveals a potential inefficiency, considering the average 5 percent broken rate observed in the market. An increase in the broken rate of milled rice within the limits supported by our findings can, ceteris paribus, increase rice rations by 4.66 million a year, or conversely, yield the current number of rice rations using 170.79 thousand fewer hectares and cutting emissions by 1.48 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Thus, producing rice based on quality assessment can improve food security and its sustainability.

scholarly journals Impact of Elevated CO2 and Reducing the Source-Sink Ratio by Partial Defoliation on Rice Grain Quality – A 3-Year Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Gao ◽  
Shaowu Hu ◽  
Liquan Jing ◽  
Yunxia Wang ◽  
Jianguo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Rice Quality ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rice Processing

Evaluating the impact of increasing CO2 on rice quality is becoming a global concern. However, whether adjusting the source-sink ratio will affect the response of rice grain quality to elevated CO2 concentrations remains unknown. In 2016–2018, we conducted a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment using a popular japonica cultivar grown at ambient and elevated CO2 levels (eCO2, increased by 200 ppm), reducing the source-sink ratio via cutting leaves (LC) at the heading stage, to investigate the effects of eCO2 and LC and their interactions on rice processing, appearance, nutrition, and eating quality. Averaged across 3 years, eCO2 significantly decreased brown rice percentage (−0.5%), milled rice percentage (−2.1%), and head rice percentage (−4.2%) but increased chalky grain percentage (+ 22.3%) and chalkiness degree (+ 26.3%). Markedly, eCO2 increased peak viscosity (+ 2.9%) and minimum viscosity (+ 3.8%) but decreased setback (−96.1%) of powder rice and increased the appearance (+ 4.5%), stickiness (+ 3.5%) and balance degree (+ 4.8%) of cooked rice, while decreasing the hardness (−6.7%), resulting in better palatability (+ 4.0%). Further, eCO2 significantly decreased the concentrations of protein, Ca, S, and Cu by 5.3, 4.7, 2.2, and 9.6%, respectively, but increased K concentration by 3.9%. Responses of nutritional quality in different grain positions (brown and milled rice) to eCO2 showed the same trend. Compared with control treatment, LC significantly increased chalky grain percentage, chalkiness degree, protein concentration, mineral element levels (except for B and Mn), and phytic acid concentration. Our results indicate that eCO2 reduced rice processing suitability, appearance, and nutritional quality but improved the eating quality. Rice quality varied significantly among years; however, few CO2 by year, CO2 by LC, or CO2 by grain position interactions were detected, indicating that the effects of eCO2 on rice quality varied little with the growing seasons, the decrease in the source-sink ratios or the different grain positions.

scholarly journals DAMPAK VARIABILITAS IKLIM DAN MEKANISME ADAPTIF MASYARAKAT PETANI DI KAWASAN BERIKLIM KERING (KASUS DESA BORONUBAEN DAN DESA TAUNBAEN TIMUR, KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Intan Kumala Putri ◽  
Nurmala K Pandjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Livelihood Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Food Security

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Climate variability led to a number of risks to the agricultural production process and the risk of shocks to the livelihood systems, which ultimately impat on the resilience of households farmer. The purpose of the research: (1) identify the impact of climate variability on regional farms and farmer households, 2) the ways to anticipate and type of adaptive response of households farmer as effort to survive, 3) the direction change of the socio-economic, institutional and socio-ecological that accompany the adaptation process at household and community farmerslevel, and 4) to formulate suggestionthe adaptation mechanisms of households farmerin response the climate variability, which impacts on food security temporarily. The results showed in 2015, 2nd study areas is long drought.The Changes in productivity of rice crops due to climate variability in the Taunbaen Timurvillagehigher than Boronubaenvillage. The condition is supported by calculations Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) showed household farmers in the Taunbaen Timur is more vulnerable than Boronubaen village household farmers. Food insecurity in the two villages is not only due to drought and pests, but also due to the high dependence on rice, making farming community poorer. To improve food security and resilience of householdfarmers income, need to increase public physical capital.<br />Keywords: climate variability, vulnerability, resilience, food insecurity, livelihood.</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Variabilitas iklim menyebabkan sejumlah risiko terhadap proses produksi pertanian dan risiko guncangan pada sistem penghidupan, yangakhirnya berdampak pada resiliensi rumahtangga petani. Tujuan penelitian yaitu (1) mengidentifikasidampak variabilitas iklim pada kawasanusahatani dan rumahtangga petani, 2)cara-cara mengantisipasi dan tipe respons adaptif rumahtangga petani dalam upaya bertahan hidup, 3) arah perubahan sistem sosio-ekonomi, kelembagaan dan sosio-ekologi yang menyertai proses adaptasi di tingkat rumahtangga dan komunitas petani, dan 4) memformulasi usulan mekanisme adaptasi rumahtangga petani dalam merespon variabilitas iklim, yang berdampak terhadap ketahanan pangan temporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tahun 2015, ke-2 desa penelitian, mengalami kekeringan yang cukup panjang. Perubahan produktivitas tanaman padi akibat variabilitas iklim di Desa Taunbaen Timur lebih tinggi daripada di Desa Boronubaen. Kondisi tersebut didukung oleh perhitungan Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) menunjukkan petani di Desa Taunbaen Timur lebih rentan dari pada petani Kelurahan Boronubaen terhadap variabilitas iklim. Kerawanan pangan di dua desa penelitian bukan hanya disebabkan oleh kekeringan dan hama penyakit, tetapi juga akibat ketergantungan beras yang tinggi, membuat komunitas petani semakin miskin.Untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan resiliensi nafkah rumahtangga petani, perlu peningkatan modal fisik yang bersifat publik.<br />Kata kunci: variabilitas iklim, kerentanan, resiliensi, kerawanan pangan, nafkah.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Farm Forestry on Poverty alleviation and Food Security in Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Kiyingi ◽  
A. Edriss ◽  
M. Phiri ◽  
M. Buyinza ◽  
H. Agaba
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Plantation Forestry ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Carbon Forestry ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Food Security

<p>To address the problem of high rural poverty and food insecurity, government and international donors have funded on-farm plantation forestry projects as one of the tools for improving the welfare of rural communities. In the wake of climate change, on-farm plantation forestry has evolved to include carbon forestry, with the dual purpose of sequestering carbon and improving rural livelihoods. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence regarding whether and under what conditions on-farm plantation forestry can deliver favorable livelihood outcomes.</p>Therefore, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and endogenous switching regression models were used to estimate the average treatment effects of adopting eucalyptus and carbon forestry woodlots (under the planvivo system) on consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and daily calorie acquisition per adult equivalent. PSM and switching regression results consistently indicated that adoption of eucalyptus woodlots increased consumption expenditure by 32 and 28.3% respectively. PSM and switching regression results also indicated that adoption of eucalyptus woodlots increased calorie acquisition per adult equivalent by 36 and 13.1% respectively. Results also indicated that adoption of carbon forestry increased calorie acquisition per adult equivalent by between 22 and 26.9% but the impact on consumption expenditure per adult equivalent was mixed. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence that adoption of on-farm eucalyptus woodlots is an important pathway for smallholder farmers to escape poverty and improve food security. Similarly, adoption of carbon forestry woodlots under the planvivo system can improve food security. However, previous on-farm plantation forestry projects were not well targeted to the poor households.

scholarly journals The impact of globalisation, free trade and technology on food and nutrition in the new millennium

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip McMichael
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nutritional Improvement ◽  
Corporate Form ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Safety And Quality

The millennium promises a dramatic politicisation of the food question. In addition to the prominent issues of food security, hunger and nutrition, bioengineering, food safety and quality, there are related issues of environmental sustainability, power, sovereignty and rights. All these issues are deeply implicated in the current corporate form of globalisation, which is transforming historic global arrangements by subordinating public institutions and the question of food security to private solutions. The present paper questions the self-evident association between globalisation and nutritional improvement.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Policy Impacts on the Bangladeshi Rice Market and Food Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5981
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasan Mobarok ◽  
Wyatt Thompson ◽  
Theodoros Skevas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Restrictive Trade ◽  
Partial Equilibrium Model ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Policy Impacts ◽  
The Impact

This research employs a partial equilibrium model to estimate the short- and long-run effects of COVID-19 and rice policies on Bangladesh’s rice market and food security. We also analyze the impact of relevant policies in terms of their effectiveness in mitigating stresses stemming from a hypothetical pandemic with a COVID-19-like impact. The results indicate that the effect of COVID-19 on Bangladeshi food security during FY 2019/20 was mixed, as the indicators of food availability improved by 5%, and decreased by 17% for food stability, relative to what they would have been otherwise. Policy simulation results indicate that a higher import tariff improves self-sufficiency status, but undermines rice availability and accessibility by bending the market toward a restrictive trade regime. Results also indicate that unlike stock enhancement policy, closing the existing yield gap improves rice availability, accessibility, and moderates the depressing effect of a future event with repercussions similar to COVID-19, although the yield policy appears more speculative and could be too costly. The insights generated contribute to the understanding of policies that aim to achieve sustainable development goals related to aggregate food security, and build resilience against future shocks akin to COVID-19.

The impact of India’s food security policy on domestic and international rice market

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepayan Debnath ◽  
Suresh Babu ◽  
Parijat Ghosh ◽  
Michael Helmar
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
The Impact

The Role of Storage and Trade in Food Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lynn Kennedy ◽  
Andrew Schmitz ◽  
G. Cornelis van Kooten
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Welfare Gain ◽  
Welfare Gains ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rice Prices ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract This paper examines the role of storage and trade on food security with respect to milled rice in India for the period 1966–2013. Data on food balances, prices, and population obtained from FAOSTAT allow for the observation of the status quo with storage and trade. Then, using a spatial equilibrium framework, the outcomes without storage or trade are simulated. Our results are consistent with the literature with respect to welfare effects. Storage results in net welfare gains to society, although producers gain while consumers lose. Producers receive a welfare gain from net exports while consumers gain from net imports. From a food security perspective, the use of storage has provided benefits to consumers by increasing stability in the market, as seen through decreased standard deviation in both domestic rice prices and per capita availability. The results are mixed with respect to stability from trade.

System Dynamics Model to Support Rice Production and Distribution for Food Security

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erma Suryani ◽  
Rully Agus Hendrawan ◽  
Totok Mulyono ◽  
Lily Puspa Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
System Dynamics Model ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Food Security

Food security is a national issue as the impact of food insecurity in several regions in Indonesia. The number of Indonesia's large population requires a full attention by the government to meet people's welfare, especially relating to food. A comprehensive study is therefore required to solve this problem. In this research, we utilized System Dynamics based on consideration that this framework offers the ability to incorporate expert knowledge in the model and the ability to model highly non-linear behavior. This pilot study seek developed a System Dynamics model to improve food security by considering regional condition changes to evaluate several policies for strategic decision making; and help government in improving food security through several policy scenarios development such as land intensification, land expansion, and distribution from other region (subdivre) which has surplus stock and import. This study could be considered as a pilot study to improve food security through some scenarios such as land intensification, land expansion, distribution from other regional district, and import. 

The Impact of Oil Price Shock on Rice Prices in Asean Area: A Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
Sri Herliana ◽  
Dedi Budiman Hakim ◽  
Yusman Syaukat ◽  
Tanti Novianti
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Rice Price ◽  
Rice Prices ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The conditions of the world rice market and the domestic rice market are unstable markets and are heavily influenced by external factors. There are many factors that can affect the price of unhulled rice and rice at the farm level, one of which is the effect of the integration of world and domestic rice markets. Thus the events or shocks that occur on the world market will affect the conditions of the domestic rice market. External factors affecting rice trade include petroleum. Oil as one of the factors influencing changes in the demand and supply of various traded commodities because of its vital role. Oil price fluctuations are often used as a benchmark for the stability of world trade conditions.Research specifically on the impact of rice was carried out by Chintia (2013) which states that oil price shocks cause domestic rice prices to have a fluctuating pattern and have an increasing trend, but domestic rice prices always fluctuate on trend. An attractive characteristic of the domestic rice price is that it is always above the world rice price. This occurs because rice is a commodity that has many interventions by the government in maintaining domestic rice price stability and maintaining the purchasing power of the public as consumers and farmers as producers. In the short term, the domestic rice price is influenced by the domestic rice price itself, the imported rice price, and the world crude oil price. In the long run, the domestic rice price is influenced by world rice prices, imported rice prices, and rice production. This paper will discuss the framework for the impact of oil shocks on rice prices in the ASEAN region. This framework is the basis for the stages in conducting further research Keywords: Impact, Rice, oll price, Rice, ASEAN

scholarly journals Asymmetric Price Transmission between Local and Imported Rice Prices in Burkina Faso

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 523-531
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Asane Otoo
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Error Correction Models ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Rice Prices ◽  
The Impact

The study of how price signals in imported rice market influences prices in the local rice market is essential in understanding the inter-relationship between these prices and how soaring global food prices affect prices of locally produced agricultural commodities. This study uses a set of cointegration and error correction models with symmetric and asymmetric adjustment towards the long-run equilibrium to investigate the long-run relationship between local and imported rice prices and the extent to which imported rice prices are transmitted to local rice prices in Burkina Faso. Using national average consumer prices from January 2000 to June 2011, empirical results from the Engle-Granger and Johansen cointegration tests show that consumer price of local rice is significantly integrated with the imported rice market prices. Both threshold cointegration and asymmetric error correction models indicate that consumer prices of local rice respond asymmetrically to shocks from the imported rice price. Specifically, local rice prices respond rapidly to negative shocks while positive shocks take substantial amount of time to be transmitted. These findings provide clear empirical evidence with respect to the impact of imported rice prices on local rice prices and the role of profit-seeking traders in maintaining or increasing the price wedge between the two prices in Burkina Faso.

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