scholarly journals Understanding children with Behavioral Inhibition

Psychologica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Lourdes Espinosa-Fernández ◽  
Luis Joaquin García-López ◽  
José Antonio Muela Martínez ◽  
Alfonso Ordóñez-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
School Settings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Family Setting ◽  
Temperament Trait

Behavioral inhibition (BI) is a temperament trait characterized by extreme fear in the face of novelty. BI has been associated with the development of mental disorders. However, there is a lack of research examining the socioemotional and behavioral characteristics of behaviorally inhibited children both in family and school settings. For a more comprehensive and in-depth overview of children’s behavior in each of these contexts, this study has collected data from both parents (mother and father – family setting) and from teachers (educational environment). The sample consisted of 109 children aged between four and six years old. Multi-informant approach was used: all fathers, mothers and teachers completed both the Preschool Behavioral Inhibition Scales, the Child Behavior Checklist for parents and teachers, and the Behavior Assessment System for Children and Adolescents. Our findings revealed that children classified as BI exhibit less socioemotional and behavioral adjustments than their uninhibited peers both in family and school contexts. Further, the shyness variable seemed to be strongly associated with behavioral inhibition, regardless of informant and context.

scholarly journals Liveness Measurements Using Optical Flow for Biometric Person Authentication

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Smiatacz
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Biometric Identification ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Face Region ◽  
The Face ◽  
Consumer Devices

Liveness Measurements Using Optical Flow for Biometric Person Authentication Biometric identification systems, i.e. the systems that are able to recognize humans by analyzing their physiological or behavioral characteristics, have gained a lot of interest in recent years. They can be used to raise the security level in certain institutions or can be treated as a convenient replacement for PINs and passwords for regular users. Automatic face recognition is one of the most popular biometric technologies, widely used even by many low-end consumer devices such as netbooks. However, even the most accurate face identification algorithm would be useless if it could be cheated by presenting a photograph of a person instead of the real face. Therefore, the proper liveness measurement is extremely important. In this paper we present a method that differentiates between video sequences showing real persons and their photographs. First we calculate the optical flow of the face region using the Farnebäck algorithm. Then we convert the motion information into images and perform the initial data selection. Finally, we apply the Support Vector Machine to distinguish between real faces and photographs. The experimental results confirm that the proposed approach could be successfully applied in practice.

scholarly journals Behavioral Inhibition in Childhood as A Risk Factor for Development of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3941
Author(s):  
Garcia-Lopez Luis-Joaquin ◽  
Espinosa-Fernández Lourdes ◽  
Muela-Martínez José A
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
School Settings ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Home And School

Previous research has suggested the association between behavioral inhibition (BI) and the development of social anxiety disorder in childhood. However, there is scarce research using longitudinal methodology in Spanish-speaking populations. To cover this gap, the sample comprised 73 children ranging from six to eight years who had been examined for BI two years earlier in home and school settings. Children and their parents were administered the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5-Child and Parent Versions to assess the presence of possible anxiety disorders. The results revealed the stability of BI symptomatology over time. Data also showed that BI children were almost ten times more likely to develop social anxiety disorder two years later, compared to no-BI children. As a result, findings suggest behavioral inhibition strongly predicts social anxiety disorder, making BI a logical focus for selective preventive interventions. Therefore, screening for behavioral inhibition holds promise for primary prevention.

scholarly journals Developmental pathways to social anxiety and irritability: The role of the ERN

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Filippi ◽  
Anni R. Subar ◽  
Jessica F. Sachs ◽  
Katharina Kircanski ◽  
George Buzzell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Error Related Negativity

AbstractEarly behaviors that differentiate later biomarkers for psychopathology can guide preventive efforts while also facilitating pathophysiological research. We tested whether error-related negativity (ERN) moderates the link between early behavior and later psychopathology in two early childhood phenotypes: behavioral inhibition and irritability. From ages 2 to 7 years, children (n = 291) were assessed longitudinally for behavioral inhibition (BI) and irritability. Behavioral inhibition was assessed via maternal report and behavioral responses to novelty. Childhood irritability was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. At age 12, an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while children performed a flanker task to measure ERN, a neural indicator of error monitoring. Clinical assessments of anxiety and irritability were conducted using questionnaires (i.e., Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders and Affective Reactivity Index) and clinical interviews. Error monitoring interacted with early BI and early irritability to predict later psychopathology. Among children with high BI, an enhanced ERN predicted greater social anxiety at age 12. In contrast, children with high childhood irritability and blunted ERN predicted greater irritability at age 12. This converges with previous work and provides novel insight into the specificity of pathways associated with psychopathology.

scholarly journals Identifying Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Factors in Adolescents: Understanding the Hikikomori Spectrum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Hamasaki ◽  
Nancy Pionnié-Dax ◽  
Géraldine Dorard ◽  
Nicolas Tajan ◽  
Takatoshi Hikida
Keyword(s):  
Middle School Students ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
School Students ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Hikikomori is a Japanese term for social withdrawal, ranging from complete inability to venture outdoors to preferring to stay inside. The prevalence of hikikomori is high, up to 1.2% of the Japanese population, but only few studies have examined its emergence in adolescents. Therefore, we sought to identify environmental and psycho-behavioral characteristics related to hikikomori during adolescence. Parents of middle school students who underwent psychiatric outpatient treatment for hikikomori (n = 20) and control group parents (n = 88) completed the Child Behavior Checklist to evaluate their child’s psycho-behavioral characteristics and novel scales to evaluate environmental characteristics and hikikomori severity. Scores for all eight Child Behavior Checklist subscales were significantly higher in the experimental group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that “anxious/depressed,” “somatic complaints,” “lack of communication between parents” and “overuse of the Internet” were significant predictors of hikikomori severity. These findings can help identify individuals who are at risk of developing hikikomori.

Culturally Responsive Computing in Urban, After-School Contexts

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Eglash ◽  
Juan E. Gilbert ◽  
Valerie Taylor ◽  
Susan R. Geier
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Math Education ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
After School ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
And Mathematics

The academic performance and engagement of youth from under-represented ethnic groups (African American, Latino, and Indigenous) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) show statistically large gaps in comparison with their White and Asian peers. Some of these differences can be attributed to the direct impact of economic forces. But cultural factors also play a role. This essay will examine two culturally responsive math education technologies and report on evaluations of the technologies in urban out-of-school settings that suggest both approaches can be effective for integrating math education into urban, after-school contexts.

Speech that silences, silences that speak

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Public High School ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Urban Public High School

This article questions what happens to “safe space” in classrooms when students are marginalized by their social locations and identities. Based on three years of ethnographic research in a Northern California urban public high school, the author examines how language like “that’s so gay” and “that’s so ghetto” leaves distinct traces of gender, sexuality, race, and class meanings and relations. Drawing on students’ deployment of “that’s so gay” and “that’s so ghetto” in school contexts, this research demonstrates how these expressions marginalize the students that they target. Such speech acts interpellate students’ bodies and identities in an educational environment that strives toward constructing “safe” and “politically correct” space. Complicating the very possibility of such educational goals, this article highlights the violence of performative speech acts while closely examining the thin line between politically correct speech and hate speech, which may look different yet lead to similar results — the violence of silencing.

Sociopsychiatric Study of Schizophrenia

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krupinski ◽  
A. Stoller ◽  
Edith Skinner ◽  
B. Chesler ◽  
H. T. Cutler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Psychotic State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Face ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Family Setting

The psychiatric status and social and family backgrounds of 154 schizophrenic patients were assessed in order to determine the degree to which interpersonal relations, social factors or the psychotic state itself were predominant factors in the promotion of hospitalization. It was found that the psychiatric status of the patient was the most important factor in determining admission to hospital. An unwarranted extrusion of a patient from a family setting was noted in very few cases, and this most often in the face of adverse effects of the patient's illness on the family.

scholarly journals The Contribution of NBS to Urban Resilience in Stormwater Management and Control: A Framework with Stakeholder Validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Beceiro ◽  
Rita Salgado Brito ◽  
Ana Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Performance Assessment System ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Control

Urban waters represent a crucial component for the enhancement of urban resilience due to their importance in cities. Nature-based solutions (NBS) have emerged as sustainable solutions to contribute to urban resilience in order to meet the challenges of climate change. In order to promote the use of NBS for increasing urban resilience, tools that demonstrate the value of this type of solutions over the long-term are required. A performance assessment system provides an adequate basis for demonstrating this value, as well as for diagnosing the current city situation, selecting and monitoring the implementation of solutions. Regarding NBS management, some assessment approaches have been published, focusing on assessing the effectiveness of NBS in the face of climate change and supporting their design and impact assessment. Nevertheless, an integrated approach to assess the NBS contribution for urban resilience has not been published. This paper presents a comprehensive resilience assessment framework (RAF) to evaluate the NBS contribution for urban resilience, focused on solutions for stormwater management and control. Furthermore, details on stakeholders’ validation, with focus on the metrics’ relevance and applicability to cities, is also presented.

A Review on Biometric Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Kartik Choudhary ◽  
Rizwan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Iris Recognition ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Biometric System ◽  
Biometric Technology ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Recognition Technique ◽  
Better Than

Biometric Technology has turned out to be a popular area of research in computer vision and one of the most successful applications for identifying humans by capturing and analysing the sole feature or characteristic of   individual which is possessed by them and involves their Physical and Behavioral characteristics. For the individual validation and authentication the biometric system has this responsibility. Biometric Technology started from the fingerprints recognition and later on improvements were done in it to make it more secure which involves the face recognition and iris Recognition. Almost both of them are available and regarded as the accurate and reliable technology for biometric validation system. This review paper is all about Face recognition techniques in biometric locking system and Iris recognition technique of identification and the ways of making locking systems ways more efficient, full of ease, more secure, and far better than before so as to make locking or security stronger. It discusses about face recognition technique, its working and its application in different sector along with iris recognition, its working, its application.

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