scholarly journals Cost-efficiency and ergonomic study of two methods for planting Eucalyptus spp. seedlings in plantation forestry

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Kaakkurivaara ◽  
Nopparat Kaakkurivaara
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Purchase Price ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Cost Efficient

In Thailand and various other countries tree seedlings are generally planted using simple manual tools, often a ‘planting stick’, but the method requires time-consuming, labour-intensive teamwork. However, use of a ‘planting tube’ allows a single person to perform both the preparation and planting work. Thus, in a classical time study and ergonomic survey we compared the productivity, cost-effectiveness, and ergonomic impact of planting spp. seedlings using the two tools at the same planting site in Western Thailand. The planting tube method proved to be more productive, more cost-efficient, and less burdensome than the planting stick method (with time and cost requirements of 21 s and €0.0061 per seedling, versus 16.6 s and €0.0463 per seedling, respectively). In conclusion, the planting tube method may be a viable alternative to reduce costs and increase productivity, while maintaining reasonable workloads for the workers, despite the higher purchase price of planting tubes. Eucalyptus

scholarly journals Aggregated Massive Modular Paradigm: A 6G Telecom Infrastructure Vision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent PETIT ◽  
Jean-Baptiste DORE ◽  
Eric MERCIER ◽  
Claude BROCHETON ◽  
Julien LEGRAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
Deployment Strategy ◽  
Data Throughput ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure

<p>Our novel disruptive deployment strategy focuses on using cost-efficient modules along with aggregated connectivity that target 6G data throughput and capacity requirement. From our perspective it would be a great benefit to operators and users. Cost effectiveness will be met through integration and volume. Indeed, cost efficiency would be derived from mass-market of sub-6GHz devices (already mainly COTS) and later toward mmW such as 5G-FR2 and near-THz. Our shared vision provides a great perspective for ubiquitous modularity and pervasive networks which are clear and challenging objectives of 6G roadmaps.</p> <p>Authors propose a vision and are grateful for open discussions.</p><br>

scholarly journals Aggregated Massive Modular Paradigm: A 6G Telecom Infrastructure Vision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent PETIT ◽  
Jean-Baptiste DORE ◽  
Eric MERCIER ◽  
Claude BROCHETON ◽  
Julien LEGRAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
Deployment Strategy ◽  
Data Throughput ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure

<p>Our novel disruptive deployment strategy focuses on using cost-efficient modules along with aggregated connectivity that target 6G data throughput and capacity requirement. From our perspective it would be a great benefit to operators and users. Cost effectiveness will be met through integration and volume. Indeed, cost efficiency would be derived from mass-market of sub-6GHz devices (already mainly COTS) and later toward mmW such as 5G-FR2 and near-THz. Our shared vision provides a great perspective for ubiquitous modularity and pervasive networks which are clear and challenging objectives of 6G roadmaps.</p> <p>Authors propose a vision and are grateful for open discussions.</p><br>

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of a Novel Method for Ecological Compensation—A Study of the Translocation of Dead Wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6075
Author(s):  
Ola Lindroos ◽  
Malin Söderlind ◽  
Joel Jensen ◽  
Joakim Hjältén
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

Translocation of dead wood is a novel method for ecological compensation and restoration that could, potentially, provide a new important tool for biodiversity conservation. With this method, substrates that normally have long delivery times are instantly created in a compensation area, and ideally many of the associated dead wood dwelling organisms are translocated together with the substrates. However, to a large extent, there is a lack of knowledge about the cost efficiency of different methods of ecological compensation. Therefore, the costs for different parts of a translocation process and its dependency on some influencing factors were studied. The observed cost was 465 SEK per translocated log for the actual compensation measure, with an additional 349 SEK/log for work to enable evaluation of the translocation’s ecological results. Based on time studies, models were developed to predict required work time and costs for different transportation distances and load sizes. Those models indicated that short extraction and insertion distances for logs should be prioritized over road transportation distances to minimize costs. They also highlighted a trade-off between costs and time until a given ecological value is reached in the compensation area. The methodology used can contribute to more cost-efficient operations and, by doing so, increase the use of ecological compensation and the benefits from a given input.

Measuring Trapped DNA at the Liquid-Air Interface for Enhanced Single Molecule Sensing

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Farajpour ◽  
Lauren Lastra ◽  
Vinay Sharma ◽  
Kevin Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Single Molecule Detection ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Cost Efficient

Nanopore sensing is a promising tool with widespread application in single-molecule detection. Borosilicate glass nanopores are a viable alternative to other solid-state nanopores due to low noise and cost-efficient fabrication....

Achieving Indonesian Oil and Gas production to 1 million barrels per day by 2030 using Nanoflooding as Novel EOR Method: Dream vs. Reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hendraningrat
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Nano Size ◽  
Production Target

In low oil price environments, conducting affordable enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects can be very challenging. One item of interest for successful future EOR should be in how produced fluids are treated and how to achieve cost-efficiency. Nanoflooding, is an emerging EOR technique, which has attracted deployment in recent years. Meanwhile, Indonesia continues to progress towards the national oil and gas production target of one million barrels per day by 2030. This paper presents the observation of opportunities and challenges of using nanoflooding to enable oil and gas production in Indonesia to achieve its desired targets. The study began by mapping the pain points in major oilfields in Indonesia. We observed and discussed the advantage and limitation of traditional mature EOR techniques, status, and ongoing application of EOR in Indonesia. Then, we briefly explained the main reasons why nanoflooding can be considered for future implementation in accelerating oil production in Indonesia, including a discussion about a successful pilot test. As an emerging EOR technique, nanoflooding can be considered as a cost-efficient technique. Silica-based nanofluid can be accessed in a cost-efficient manner and can be executed from an implementation standpoint considering surface facilities. The mechanism that is introduced can help to displace incremental oil more effectively since it can go inside pore throats due to the nano-size. We observed several recognized benefits and challenges to deploy nanoflooding in Indonesia. Based on this study, nanoflooding is very attractive and has potential to be implemented.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cement-Based and Polymer-Based Concrete Pipes for Analysis of Cost Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Bozkurt ◽  
Mehmet İslamoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Cost Assessment ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Concrete Pipes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Innovative Techniques

As the variety of materials utilized in construction industry has expanded, new techniques have been used in order to optimize the quality and efficiency of output. Therefore, recent innovations taking place in the construction industry led researchers to increase the mechanical efficiency of the output more than the cost effectiveness of it. However, especially professionals experiencing in the industry look into the cost effectiveness of the work. In other words, they also want researchers to justify the innovative techniques economically. The aim of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of the cost efficiency of polymer concrete used to manufacture durable and long-lasting reinforced concrete structures.

scholarly journals Cost efficiency of the Czech and Slovak banking sectors: an application of the data envelopment analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Palecková
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

The aim of the paper is to estimate the cost efficiency of the Czech and Slovak commercial banks within the period 2010-2014. For empirical analysis the Data Envelopment Analysis input-oriented model with variable returns to scale is applied on the data of the commercial banks. The intermediation approach is adopted to define the inputs and outputs. The Czech commercial banks are more cost efficient than Slovak commercial banks. The development of average cost efficiency is similar in the Czech and Slovak banking industry. The most efficient Czech banks are Ceská sporitelna and Sberbank in the Czech banking sector, the most efficient Slovak bank is Privatbanka with 100% efficiency.

Improvement of sustainability and efficiency of urban heating using coal-water slurry fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Vasily Murko ◽  
Oksana Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Coal Slurry ◽  
Coal Burning ◽  
Equipment Replacement ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The City

Coal-water slurry fuel is coming into use in heat generation facilities as an alternative to natural gas and heavy oil. The main advantage of coal slurry is its cost efficiency. Our project is devoted to improvement of heat generation using coal-water slurry fuel instead of investing in new construction of coal-burning boiler houses. As an example, we considered implementing this project in the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Russia. The project implies partial burning of coal slurry along with conventional coal burning. This solution is cost efficient and environmentally friendly yet not requiring major heat generation equipment replacement or renovation. The total cost efficiency of the suggested project is estimated at least as 1.1 billion rubles per year.

E-HRM Challenges and Opportunities

2009 ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
Alok Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Collective Actors ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Cost Efficient

HR executives are looking to technology and the information it provides to help them drive decisions that will lead to success of the organization as a whole (Wilcox, 1997). Snell, Stueber, and Lepak (2002) observe that HR can meet the challenge of simultaneously becoming more strategic, flexible, cost-efficient, and customer-oriented by leveraging information technology (IT). They point out that IT has the potential to lower administrative costs, increase productivity, speed response times, improve decision-making, and enhance customer service all at the same time. The need for cost reduction, higher quality services, and cultural change are the three main forces that drive firms to seek IT-driven HR solutions (Yeung & Brockbank, 1995). The rapid development of the Internet during the last decade has boosted the implementation and application of electronic human resource management (e-HRM) (Strohmeier, 2007). According to Strohmeier (2007) e-HRM is the (planning, implementation and) application of information technology for both networking and supporting at least two individual or collective actors in their shared performing of HR activities. Virtual HR is emerging due to the growing sophistication of IT and increased external structural options (Lepak & Snell, 1998). Surveys of HR consultants suggest that both the number of organizations adopting e-HRM and the depth of applications within the organizations are continually increasing (CedarCrestone, 2005). IT is beginning to enable organizations to deliver state-of the- art HR services. Many experts forecast that the PC will become the central tool for all HR professionals (Kovach & Cathcart, 1999).

Disaster Mitigation Under Complex Contingencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jan Folkmann Wright
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Human History ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Cost Efficient

Disasters have always been part of human history. Although global safety has increased over the years, it is a question if the positive trend will continue. The most discussed major uncertainty is climate change, temporarily dwarfed by the COVID-19 virus pandemic. There are however many other challenges due to an increasingly connected and complex world. Failure to recognize an approaching danger is as human as the exaggeration by those who get worried too easily. If risk management systems shall handle the new risks, substantial advances in how to identify new risks are needed as well as improvements in the identification of cost-efficient mitigations. The collateral damage caused by mitigative measures can be high. Invasive actions, possibly amplified by social and traditional media, may disrupt supply chains and factories, and whole economies might suffer. A risk management system that can identify types of global risks and evaluate measures on cost-efficiency is needed to see if the cure could become worse than the disease.

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