scholarly journals EXTRACTING SUBERIN ACIDS FROM BIRCH BARK WHEN EXPOSED TO A MICROWAVE FIELD

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Анна (Anna) Викторовна (Viktorovna) Безумова (Bezumova) ◽  
Сергей (Sergei) Иванович (Ivanovich) Третьяков (Tret'iakov) ◽  
Наталья (Natal'ia) Алексеевна (Alekseevna) Кутакова (Kutakova) ◽  
Елена (Elena) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) Коптелова (Koptelova)
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Field ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Chromatomass Spectrometry ◽  
Microwave Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Economic Considerations

The present study focuses on the identification of the components included in the suberin of birch bark, as well as the development of the method of intensification of hydrolysis of birch bark in the allocation of suberin.Identification suberin derived from the technical of birch bark in conditions the microwave field was conducted the method of IR-spectroscopy (IRS). In the study of the chemical composition of suberin acids using gas chromatomass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the following dominant acid: docosanedioic (phellogenic) acid and 22-hydroxydocosanoic (phellonic) acid.It is established that processing of birch bark in a microwave field allows 2 times to reduce the duration of process of water-alkaline hydrolysis. By the planned experiment, mathematical description of the process of hydrolysis of birch bark in conditions of microwave radiation was obtained; the influence of the main parameters was installed and the optimal conditions for suberin acids secretion were determined.  Concentration of alkali, %; power, W; duration, min were selected How were the independent variables. It is noted that the increase in alkali concentration and duration of hydrolysis leads to a positive result. On the basis of economic considerations, the optimum concentration of KOH for microwave hydrolysis is 5%, duration – 15 min, power – 600 W.  The power consumption is 37,5 kWh/kg birch bark.

scholarly journals Validation of Metamizole, Thiamin and Pyridoxine Simultaneous Analysis Methods in Tablet Preparations Using HPLC

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Vevi Maritha ◽  
Lukman Labasy
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Chromatographic System ◽  
Chromatographic Condition ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The aim of the present study was to develop and validate HPLC method for the simultaneous assay of metamizole, thiamine and pyridoxine in tablet. Metamizole is a substance that is easily hydrolyzed in the precence of water and oxygen. To inhibit the hydrolysis of metamizole during sample preparation prior to HPLC analysis, sodium sulfite is added and its optimum concentration was investigated. The chromatographic system includes a RP C8(2) column (150x4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) in conjunction with Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector. The optimal chromatographic condition was obtained using a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer 35mM pH 3.0: methanol (80:20), flowrate 1.0 ml/min, and 10 µl injection volume. The metamizole, thiamine and pyridoxine were detected at 275 nm and 361 nm for cyanocobalamin. The Hydrolysis of metamizole was successfully inhibited by adding solution containing 1.5 mg/mL sodium sulfite to solvent and 0.5 mg/mL sodium sulfite to mobile phase. The validation results indicate a good specificity and a linear detector responses with r>0.999. The accuracy (% recovery) for metamizole, thiamine and piridoxine were 100.26%; 99.09%; and 100.03%, respectively. The method yields good precision with RSD of metamizole, thiamine and pyridoxine were 2.0912%; 1.4489%; and 0.8418% respectively. In the robustness study, the small changes of mobile phase pH yielded unsymmetrical peaks and lower resolution. The validated method was successfully applied for simultaneous assay of metamizole, thiamine and pyridoxine in tablet. Keywords: validation; metamizole; thiamine; pyridoxine; hydrolysis of metamizole; HPLC

Modeling and Optimization of Lipase-Catalyzed Partial Hydrolysis for Diacylglycerol Production in Packed Bed Reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eng-Tong Phuah ◽  
Yee-Ying Lee ◽  
Teck-Kim Tang ◽  
Oi-Ming Lai ◽  
Thomas Shean-Yaw Choong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Enzyme ◽  
Rhizomucor Miehei ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Quadratic Models

Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process variables namely packed bed height (cm) and flow rates (ml/min) on diacylglycerol (DAG) production via partial hydrolysis of palm oil using immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase in packed bed reactor (PBR). Quadratic models were successfully developed for both DAG(y) and unhydrolyzed triacylglycerol ((un)TAG) with determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9931 and 0.9986, respectively coupled with insignificant lack of fit (p > 0.05). Optimal conditions for DAG synthesis were evaluated to be 10 cm packed bed height and 3.8 ml/min flow rate. Immobilized enzyme can be reused up to 10 times without significant changes in enzymatic activity. The partial hydrolysis under studied was found to be mass transfer-controlled.

scholarly journals Optimization of lead (II) removal in leachates using Moringa oleifera seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 06011
Author(s):  
Mae Ann De Castro ◽  
Cyril Ann Agripa ◽  
John Raymond Barajas ◽  
Faye Taniegra
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Comprehensive Programs ◽  
High Lead ◽  
Percent Removal

The absence of comprehensive programs in regulating release of lead to the environment in growing cities situated in developing countries results to widespread intrusion of lead bioaccumulation in their primary sources of food. As a result, a significant increase in lead related diseases continually grows in many low income regions. In an attempt to provide a means of minimizing lead bioaccumulation, we test the extent to which Moringaoleifera seeds (MOS) removes lead (II) ions in aqueous solution. A box-behnken experimental design was used to obtain the optimal conditions in the lead (II) removal process. MOS dosage, initial lead (II) concentration, and pH were found to have significant effects on the percent removal of lead (II) in solution. Actual values of these independent variables were chosen on the basis of preliminary experimental results. Optimum conditions were found to be: MOS dosage 10.0 g/L, initial lead (II) concentration 20.0 ppm, and pH at 5.5. Lead removal using MOS was also performed at optimal conditions. In conclusion, a high lead (II) removal using MOS strongly suggests its potential to be used as a means of treating liquids highly contaminated with lead.

Optimal Conditions for the Estimation of Ammonium by the Berthelot Reaction

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Gordon ◽  
A. Fleck ◽  
Jean Bell
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Optimal Conditions

A technique for optimising reagent concentrations on the AutoAnalyzer has been applied to the estimation of ammonia by the Berthelot reaction in the determination of urea and organic nitrogen. Comparison of the use of phenol and salicylate revealed that the optimum concentration of the latter is about four times that of the former. The optimum concentration of hypochlorite is five times greater with salicylate than with phenol, and for the catalyst, sodium nitroprusside, the factor is two. The precision obtained with the different methods is similar.

scholarly journals Optimization of lupine hydrolyzate separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Jiří Pecha ◽  
Jakub Husár ◽  
Miloš Jelínek ◽  
Lubomír Šánek ◽  
Karel Kolomazník
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Mixture Separation ◽  
Process Simulations ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Lupine hydrolyzate is a promising source of proteins. Hydrolysis of lupine flour was studied under various conditions and their influence on reaction mixture separation by means of filtration was assessed. A mathematical model describing separation process was suggested and verified. This model was used in further calculations and process simulations. It was shown, that the filtration largely depends on the molar mass distribution, respectively the degree of hydrolysis. In addition, an approach enabling optimizing filtration was presented. The time of filtration performed at optimal conditions was almost ten times decreased.

scholarly journals HIDROLISIS RUMPUT LAUT (Glacilaria sp.) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ENZIM DAN ASAM UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanes Armawan Sandi ◽  
Wiwik Susanah Rita ◽  
Yenni Ciawi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimum Length ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of enzyme and acids concentration on the yield of glucose produced in the hydrolysis of Glacilaria sp. in the production of bioethanol. The concentrations of cellulase used were 200 units/mL, 400 units/mL, 600 units/mL, 800 units/mL and the concentration of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) used were 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% (w/v). The concentration of reduction sugar was determined using Anthrone and analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the determination of ethanol concentration was carried out by using gas chromatography. The results showed that the contents of reducing sugar produced by sulphuric acid (H2SO4) hydrolysis were 26,19%; 36,69%; 41,40%; 45,0% (v/v), by hydrochloric acid (HCl) were 12,12%; 14,03%; 15,17%; 16,50% (v/v), and by cellulase enzyme were 46,15%; 46,73%; 47,68%; 48,25% (v/v). Optimum concentration of reducing sugar produced by hydrolysis using 800 units/mL cellulase was 48,25% (v/v). The optimum length of fermentation to produce bioethanol using Glacilaria sp. as raw material was 5 days. In the fermentation, inoculum with a concentrations of 5% and 10% (w/v) produced 0,85% and 1,51% (v/v) ethanol.

Coagulation-filtration of a secondary effluent by means of pre-hydrolyzed coagulants

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Diamadopoulos ◽  
Christos Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Metal Salts ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Uv Absorbance ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Different Levels

Jar tests were applied to a secondary effluent in order to determine optimal conditions for coagulation. The metal salts Al2(SO4)3, AlCl3 and FeCl3 were used as coagulants, and their efficiency under various degrees of pre-hydrolysis was examined. The variables under examination were the dose of the coagulant, the degree of pre-hydrolysis, B=[OH−]/[Me+3], and the pH at two different levels (pH=5.5 and pH=7.5). The efficiency of the various coagulants was evaluated for the removal of turbidity, phosphorous, COD and UV absorbance at 254 nm. The results showed that as far as turbidity removals are concerned, pre-hydrolysis of the aluminum and ferric chloride coagulants at values of B equal to 0.5 to 1 gave optimal results. However, for phosphorous removal, the higher the degree of pre-hydrolysis, the lower the removal of phosphorous. No remarkable differences were observed for the removal of organic matter measured as COD, while alum gave the best results for the reduction in UV absorbance at 254 nm. Direct filtration of the effluent showed that the coagulant dose required was an order of magnitude lower than that required for coagulation. 35 cm of filter bed were sufficient for effective filtration. All coagulants performed well, increasing the degree of turbidity removal as compared to the absence of coagulants. The lowest headloss rate was observed when alum was used, while the highest headloss rate, almost three times as much, when the aluminum chloride coagulants were used (with and without pre-hydrolysis). Ferric coagulants, with or without pre-hydrolysis, demonstrated intermediate headloss rates.

481. Simple and rapid methods for the estimation of bacterial phosphatases using di-sodium p–nitrophenylphosphate as substrate

1952 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tramer
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Rapid Methods ◽  
Measured Amount ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Bacterial phosphatases of growing organisms can be simply demonstrated by incorporating di–sodium–p–nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) into suitable media. The phosphatase content of a bacterial suspension can be assessed by incubating a measured amount of it with unbuffered or suitably buffered pNPP solutions. The yellow colour (in alkaline solution) of p-nitrophenol liberated from the substrate by phosphatase can be measured accurately and conveniently in a photoelectric absorptiometer, or estimated in a Lovibond comparator using permanent colour standards. The usefulness of the tests for differentiating between members of certain genera is demonstrated by the reactions of Bact. aerogenes and Bact. cloacae, for which a close relationship between phosphatase production and gelatine liquefaction times has been found. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis of pNPP by the phosphatase of a strain of Bact. aerogenes have been established.

scholarly journals Comparison of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Polysaccharides from Eggshells Membranes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ürgeová ◽  
Katarína Vulganová
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Osteoarthritis Treatment ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Eggshell Membranes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
And Cartilage

Abstract AHyaluronic acid (HA) is part of the extracellular matrix of connective, epithelial and neural tissues, as well as the synovial fluid, skin, and cartilage. It is composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine. Hyaluronic acid is used in abdominal surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, rhinology; it is usable for the osteoarthritis treatment. The membranes of eggshell are a natural source of hyaluronic acid, collagen, glycosaminoglycan and collagenous proteins. In paper, we tested the possibility of extraction hyaluronic acid from the eggshell membranes by enzymatic hydrolysis. We identified optimal conditions of hydrolysis with trypsin at reaction temperature of 37 °C and pH 8; with pepsin at 40 °C and pH 3, as well as with papain at 60 °C and pH 7.5. The content of hyaluronic acid in samples was determined spectrophotometrically using the carbazole method. The experimental results showed a yield of ~ 4 -4.5 % hyaluronic acid per 1 g of dry eggshell membranes.

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