scholarly journals Prediction of Cognitive Status and 5-year Survival rate for Elderly with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Canadian Study of Health and Aging Secondary Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
S. Pakzad ◽  
P. Bourque ◽  
N. Fallah
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Canadian Study ◽  
Cognitive Changes

Background: Given the important association between cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline, and their significant implications on frailty status, the contribution of neurocognitive frailty measure helping with the assessment of patient outcomes is dearly needed. Objectives: The present study examines the prognostic value of the Neurocognitive Frailty Index (NFI) in the elderly with cardiovascular disease. Design: Secondary analysis of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) dataset was used for prediction of 5-year cognitive changes. Setting: Community and institutional sample. Participants: Canadians aged 65 and over [Mean age: 80.4 years (SD=6.9; Range of 66-100)]. Measurement: Neurocognitive Frailty Index (NFI) and Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) scores for cognitive functioning of all subjects at follow-up and mortality rate were measured. Results: The NFI mean score was 9.63 (SD = 6.04) and ranged from 0 to 33. This study demonstrated that the NFI was significantly associated with cognitive changes for subjects with heart disease and this correlation was a stronger predictor than age. Conclusion: The clinical relevance of this study is that our result supports the prognostic utility of the NFI tool in treatment planning for those with modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors in the development of dementia.

scholarly journals Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Korean Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3703
Author(s):  
Ae-Rim Seo ◽  
Tae-Yoon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure Level

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly population in Korea. Methods: Cluster analysis was conducted on the data of 1687 elderly participants (797 men and 890 women) aged ≥65 years from the 2014–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), using a 24-h dietary recall survey to assess dietary patterns. Dietary patterns were classified into clusters 1 (typical Korean diet), 2 (high carbohydrate diet), and 3 (healthy diet). The 10-year risk of CVD was calculated based on age, total and HDL-cholesterol levels, systolic blood pressure level, antihypertensive medication use, smoking status, and presence of diabetes. A complex sample general linear model was applied to determine the association between dietary patterns and the 10-year risk of CVD. Results: In total, 275 (33.7%), 141 (17.9%), and 381 (48.3%) men, and 207 (22.6%), 276 (30.9%), and 407(46.6%) women were included in clusters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The 10-year risk of CVD was lower in men in cluster 3 (healthy diet) than in those in cluster 1 (typical Korean diet) (t = 2.092, p = 0.037). Additionally, the 10-year risk of CVD was lower in men who performed strength training than in those who did not (t = 3.575, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in women. Conclusions: After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, men who consumed a healthy diet had a lower 10-year risk of CVD than those who consumed a typical Korean diet. When organizing nutrition education programs to improve dietary habits in the elderly, content on diets that consist of various food groups to prevent CVD is required. In particular, it is necessary to develop content that emphasizes the importance of healthy eating habits in men.

Vascular Endothelial Adiponectin Signaling Across the Lifespan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Cohen ◽  
Boran Katunaric ◽  
Gopika SenthilKumar ◽  
Jennifer J. McIntosh ◽  
Julie K. Freed
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Natural Hormones

Cardiovascular disease risk increases with age regardless of sex. Some of this risk is attributable to changes in natural hormones throughout the lifespan. The quintessential example of this being the dramatic increase in cardiovascular disease following the transition to menopause. Plasma levels of adiponectin, a "cardioprotective" adipokine released primarily by adipose tissue and regulated by hormones, also fluctuates throughout one's life. Plasma adiponectin levels increase with age in both men and women, with higher levels in both pre- and post- menopausal women compared to men. Younger cohorts seem to confer cardioprotective benefits from increased adiponectin levels yet elevated levels in the elderly and those with existing heart disease are associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. Here, we review the most recent data regarding adiponectin signaling in the vasculature, highlight the differences observed between the sexes, and shed light on the apparent paradox regarding increased cardiovascular disease risk despite rising plasma adiponectin levels over time.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Cognition in the Elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Leritz ◽  
Regina E. McGlinchey ◽  
Ida Kellison ◽  
James L. Rudolph ◽  
William P. Milberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Abstract P064: Weight Loss Induced by Healthy Diets Reduces Atherogenic Lipoproteins that Contain ApoC-III Independent of Dietary Macronutrient Content

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Furtado ◽  
Vincent Carey ◽  
George Bray ◽  
Frank Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Study Population

Background: Weight-loss improves lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease risk. However, the effect of weight loss on VLDL, LDL and HDL subtypes that contain apoC-III, newly emerging as important predictors of CVD, is not known. Further, the effects of dietary macronutrient composition on changes in apoC-III-containing lipoproteins in the presence of weight loss have not been studied. Methods: The Pounds Lost Trial randomized 811 overweight and obese subjects to four healthful diets that varied in emphasis of unsaturated fat, protein, and carbohydrate for 24 months. A random 50% subsample was selected for analysis of lipoprotein subfractions (~100 per study diet). Plasma samples were collected at baseline and after 24 months and stored at -80C to await analysis. Whole plasma was fractionated first by apoC-III content and then by density (VLDL, IDL+LDL, HDL) to produce 6 subfractions: VLDL with apoC-III, VLDL without apoC-III, IDL+LDL with apoC-III, IDL+LDL without apoC-III, HDL with apoC-III, HDL without apoC-III. Apolipoprotein and lipid concentrations were measured in these subfractions. The primary aim was to determine whether macronutrient content of diets for weight loss influenced changes after weight loss in concentrations and compositions of the 6 lipoprotein subfractions. A secondary analysis determined the relation between amount of weight-loss and change in the lipoproteins, adjusted for baseline BMI, age, race, and sex. Results: On average, the study population had lost 5% of their body weight at 2 years regardless of randomized diet group. Changes in lipoprotein subfractions from baseline to 2 years were similar among the 4 diet groups. Multiple regression analysis determined that degree of weight loss significantly predicted reductions in apoC-III in VLDL, LDL and HDL. For example, a 5% weight loss corresponded to reductions in apoC-III in VLDL of 14% (95% CI: 8.0%, 19.8%), LDL of 5.5% (0.3%, 8.6%), and HDL of 2.2% (0.1%, 4.4%). Weight loss notably predicted a decrease in the apoB concentration of LDL with apoC-III. The concentration of LDL with apoC-III was the strongest predictor of CVD in several cohorts. In contrast, weight loss predicted increases in apoE in VLDL and LDL. ApoE increases the clearance from plasma of VLDL and LDL and reduces the formation of LDL from VLDL. Conclusion: Weight loss achieved through healthful diets reduces apoC-III and atherogenic LDL with apoC-III but increases apoE in apoB-lipoproteins regardless of macronutrient emphasis. These effects on lipoprotein subfractions represent a novel mechanism by which weight loss may reduce cardiovascular disease risk.

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