scholarly journals Energy Conservation Measures in Heavy Trucks Freight Transport

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Suhail Tageldin Hago Ahmed ◽  
Ali Abdelrahman Rabah
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Western Side

Since the independence of South Sudan, Sudan lost 75% of its oil reserves, this led to major fuel shortages country wide, the fuel shortage raised the fuel prices and the overall transport prices. Scarcity led to black market trade of fuel specially in states away from the Capital City (Khartoum). Managing the available stock comes first before increasing the supply amount in order to solve the problem, one of the major fuel consumers to be managed is the transport sector specially the long haulage freight transport. Moving freight in Sudan is constrained by inadequate infrastructure and high costs. This paper covers specifically the long haulage freight transport between Khartoum State and Western side of the country (Darfur Region), Contributing to manage fuel consumption for trucks, taking into account trucks types used, roads, environmental impacts and mitigation measures applicable to save fuel . The results showed that the primary reason for the excessive fuel consumption is the usage of the rigid trucks (lorries) for transport specially the Hino700 series, this truck type, overload and absence of weight stations and control policies contributed significantly to deterioration of roads and transport efficiency decreasing. First step towards the solution would be in upgrading roads infrastructure assuring high quality along with enforced weight regulations and weight stations to protect roads from damages. High quality roads shall ease the usage of different truck types with different configurations. Then stablish a policy to force replacement of the low efficiency lorry truck types with high quality tractor semi-trailer combinations.

Fire Risk Analysis Using Geospatial Approach and Mitigation Measures for South-West Delhi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
S. K. Tomar ◽  
A. Kaur ◽  
H. K. Dangi ◽  
T. Ghawana ◽  
K. Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
South West ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
Fire Stations

One of the major challenge from unplanned growth in the cities is the fire incidents posing a serious threat to life and property. Delhi, the capital city of India, has seen unplanned growth of colonies resulting in a serious concern for the relevant agencies. This paper investigates the relation between potential causes of fire incidents during 2013-2016 in South-West Delhi Division of Delhi Fire Services as part of risk analysis using the data about fire stations & their jurisdictions, incidents of fire, water reservoirs available, landuse and population data along with the divisional & sub-divisional boundaries of South-West Delhi division under Delhi Fire Service. Statistical and Geospatial tools have been used together to perform the risk analysis. The analysis reveals that difference in actual occupancy and defined landuse as a part of unplanned growth of settlements is found to be the main reason behind the major fire incidents. The suggested mitigation measures focus on legal, policy, physical & technological aspects and highlight the need to bring the systemic changes with changing scenario of demographics and infrastructure to accommodate more aspects of ground reality.

scholarly journals How Will Digitalization Change Road Freight Transport? Scenarios Tested in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Anna Pernestål ◽  
Albin Engholm ◽  
Marie Bemler ◽  
Gyözö Gidofalvi
Keyword(s):  
Freight Transport ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Strategic Uncertainty ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
On The Road

Road freight transport is a key function of modern societies. At the same time, road freight transport accounts for significant emissions. Digitalization, including automation, digitized information, and artificial intelligence, provide opportunities to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase service levels in road freight transport. Digitalization may also radically change the business ecosystem in the sector. In this paper, the question, “How will digitalization change the road freight transport landscape?” is addressed by developing four exploratory future scenarios, using Sweden as a case study. The results are based on input from 52 experts. For each of the four scenarios, the impacts on the road freight transport sector are investigated, and opportunities and barriers to achieving a sustainable transportation system in each of the scenarios are discussed. In all scenarios, an increase in vehicle kilometers traveled is predicted, and in three of the four scenarios, significant increases in recycling and urban freight flows are predicted. The scenario development process highlighted how there are important uncertainties in the development of the society that will be highly important for the development of the digitized freight transport landscape. One example is the sustainability paradigm, which was identified as a strategic uncertainty.

Optimization for speed regulation strategy of compound coupled hydro-mechanical transmission

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440702098056
Author(s):  
Jin Yu ◽  
Pengfei Shen ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Yurun Song ◽  
Xiaohan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Programming Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Speed Regulation ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Wheel Loaders

Heavy duty vehicles, especially special vehicles, including wheel loaders and sprinklers, generally work with drastic changes in load. With the usage of a conventional hydraulic mechanical transmission, they face with these problems such as low efficiency, high fuel consumption and so forth. Some scholars focus on the research to solve these issues. However, few of them take into optimal strategies the fluctuation of speed ratio change, which can also cause a lot of problems. In this study, a novel speed regulation is proposed which cannot only solve problems above but also overcome impact caused by speed ratio change. Initially, based on the former research of the Compound Coupled Hydro-mechanical Transmission (CCHMT), the basic characteristics of CCHMT are analyzed. Besides, to solve these problems, dynamic programming algorithm is utilized to formulate basic speed regulation strategy under specific operating condition. In order to reduce the problem caused by speed ratio change, a new optimization is applied. The results indicate that the proposed DP optimal speed regulation strategy has better performance on reducing fuel consumption by up to 1.16% and 6.66% in driving cycle JN1015 and in ECE R15 working condition individually, as well as smoothing the fluctuation of speed ratio by up to 12.65% and 19.01% in those two driving cycles respectively. The processes determining the speed regulation strategy can provide a new method to formulate the control strategies of CCHMT under different operating conditions particularlly under real-world conditions.

scholarly journals Cleaning up the air: Effectiveness of air quality policy for SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. van der A ◽  
Bas Mijling ◽  
Jieying Ding ◽  
Maria Elissavet Koukouli ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Quality Policy

Abstract. Air quality observations by satellite instruments are spatially consistent, and have a regular temporal resolution, which make them very useful in studying long-term trends in atmospheric species. To monitor air quality trends in China for the period 2005–2015 we derive SO2 columns and NOx emissions on a provincial level with an unprecedented accuracy. To put these trends into perspective they are compared with public data on energy consumption and the environmental policies of China. We distinguish the effect of air quality regulations from economic growth by comparing them relatively to fossil fuel consumption. Pollutant levels, per unit of fossil fuel, are used to assess the effectiveness of air quality regulations. We note that the desulphurisation regulations enforced in 2005–2006 only had a significant effect in the years 2008–2009 when a much stricter control of the actual use of the installations began. For national NOx emissions a distinct decreasing trend is only visible since 2012, but the emission peak year differs from province to province. Unlike SO2, emissions of NOx are highly related to traffic. Furthermore, regulations for NOx emissions are partly decided on a provincial level. The last three years show both a reduction in SO2 and NOx emissions per fossil fuel unit, since the authorities have implemented several new environmental regulations. Despite an increasing fossil fuel consumption and a growing transport sector, the effects of air quality policy in China are clearly visible. Without the air quality regulations the concentration of SO2 would be almost 3 times higher and the NO2 concentrations would be at least 30 % higher than they are today in China.

Towards Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-158
Author(s):  
Umer Khayyam ◽  
Rida Bano ◽  
Shahzad Alvi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
The University

Abstract Global climate change is one of the main threats facing humanity and the impacts on natural systems as well as humans are expected to be severe. People can take action against these threats through two approaches: mitigation and adaptation. However, mitigations and adaptations are contingent on the level of motivation and awareness, as well as socio-economic and environmental conditions. This study examined personal perception and motivation to mitigate and adapt to climate change among the university students in the capital city of Pakistan. We divided the respondents into social sciences, applied sciences and natural sciences, using logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that students who perceive severity, benefits from preparation, and have more information about climate change were 1.57, 4.98 and 1.63 times more likely to take mitigation and 1.47, 1.14 and 1.17 times more likely to take adaptation measures, respectively. Students who perceived self-efficacy, obstacles to protect from the negative consequences of climate change and who belonged to affluent families were more likely to take mitigation measures and less likely to take adaptation strategies. However, mitigation and adaptation were unaffected by age, gender and study discipline.

Energy consumption and GHG emissions from China's freight transport sector: Scenarios through 2050

Energy Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Hao ◽  
Yong Geng ◽  
Weiqi Li ◽  
Bin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Sector

scholarly journals Insights from Past Trends in Exergy Efficiency and Carbon Intensity of Electricity: Portugal, 1900–2014

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Laura Felício ◽  
Sofia T. Henriques ◽  
André Serrenho ◽  
Tiago Domingos ◽  
Tânia Sousa
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
World War ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Low Efficiency

We use the societal exergy analysis to identify periods and factors controlling efficiency dilution and carbon deepening of electricity in Portugal from 1900 to 2014. Besides estimating the carbon intensity of electricity production, we propose a new indicator, the carbon intensity of electricity use, which quantifies CO2/kWh of electricity derived useful exergy. Results show final to useful efficiency dilution until World War I (50% to 30%) due to a decrease in share of the high-efficiency transport sector and from mid-1940s to 1960 and mid-1990s onwards (58% to 47% and 47% to 40%) due to an increase in share of the low efficiency commercial and residential sector. Decarbonization from 1900 to mid-1960s, with carbon intensities of electricity production and use dropping respectively from 12.8 to 0.2 and from 33.6 to 0.4 kg CO2/kWh due to an increase in thermoelectricity efficiencies and an increase in share of hydro. Then, a period of carbon deepening until 1990 with carbon intensities tripling due to a shift in shares from hydro to thermoelectricity and more recently a period of decarbonization with carbon intensities decreasing to 0.35 and 0.9 kg CO2/kWh, due to the increase in renewable electricity despite a dilution in final to useful efficiency.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Factors Influencing Public Policy Strategies for Blue and Green Hydrogen

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7938
Author(s):  
Roberto Fazioli ◽  
Francesca Pantaleone
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption

The aim of this paper is to analyze the factors affecting hydrogen and Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies (“CCS”) policies, taking into consideration Fossil Fuel Consumption, Oil Reserves, the Debt/GDP Ratio, the Trilemma Index and other variables with respect to OECD countries. STATA 17 was used for the analysis. The results confirm the hypothesis that countries with high fossil fuel consumption and oil reserves are investing in blue hydrogen and CCS towards a “zero-carbon-emission” perspective. Moreover, countries with a good Debt/GDP ratio act most favorably to green policies by raising their Public Debt, because Foreign Direct Investments are negatively correlated with those kinds of policies. Future research should exploit Green Finance policy decision criteria on green and blue hydrogen.

scholarly journals Analysis of exhaust emission measurements in rural conditions from heavy-duty vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ziółkowski ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicle ◽  
Emission Norm ◽  
Test Route

Road transport holds for the largest share in the freight transport sector in Europe. This work is carried out by heavy vehicles of various types. It is assumed that, in principle, transport should take place on the main road connections, such as motorways or national roads. Their share in the polish road infrastructure is not dominant. Rural and communal roads roads are the most prevalent. This fact formed the basis of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption tests of heavy vehicles in real operating conditions. A set of vehicles (truck tractor with a semi-trailer) meeting the Euro V emission norm, transporting a load of 24,800 kg, was selected for the tests. The research was carried out on an non-urban route, the test route length was 22 km. A mobile Semtech DS instrument was used, which was used to measure the exhaust emissions. Based on the obtained results, the emission characteristics were determined in relation to the operating parameters of the vehicles drive system. Road emission, specific emission and fuel consumption values were also calculated.

scholarly journals Low emission zones: the likely effects on the freight transport sector

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Browne ◽  
Julian Allen ◽  
Stephen Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Low Emission
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