scholarly journals PO-182 The influence and mechanism of sports on children's cognitive ability

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Sun ◽  
Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
The Brain

Objective Proper participation in physical exercise can not only benefit people physically, but also promote people's psychological benefits. However, people are often only aware of the benefits of physical exercise, such as physical fitness, body shape and function, and ignore the psychological benefits caused by physical exercise. In recent years, more and more people pay attention to the positive psychological benefits of physical exercise on cognition. As the hope of the future of the country, the problem of physical health is widely concerned. To study the effect of physical exercise on children's cognitive function, and to analyze the possible biological mechanism of physical exercise affecting cognitive ability, and to provide a reference for promoting the good development of children's physique. Methods  Through the retrieval of Chinese knowledge network, Wanfang Data knowledge service platform, VVP cube knowledge discovery system, 100 chain database collection sports related research literature, collating literature information, in-depth integration of literature, analysis of the impact and mechanism of physical exercise on children's cognition. Results  (1) Physical exercise can improve the function of the brain, improve the efficiency of the brain, and enhance memory. Animal experiments have shown that physical exercise can enhance short-term memory by improving hippocampal function in rats. (2) Regular physical exercise can improve children's memory and executive function, and promote their cognitive function and academic performance. (3) The effect of physical exercise on specific cognitive function is in turn motor function, motor skills, academic performance, reasoning, reaction time and executive function. Physical exercise promotes cognitive performance by improving the goal of the brain pointing to the maintenance of processing, but physical exercise does not improve or slow down processing inhibition, and physical exercise is not related to processing inhibition. 30 minutes of acute physical exercise plays a significant role in maintaining children's attention. Acute high intensity physical exercise can improve selective attention and short-term memory tasks. In the experiment of the effect of one-off acute physical exercise on cognitive function, moderate intensity of heart rate variables and increased cognitive performance were related. For children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, physical exercise can improve their performance of executive function. (4) Physical exercise may affect the possible biological mechanisms of cognitive function: Firstly, exercise can improve the synthesis and secretion of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and dopamine, activate conduction pathways, improve synaptic transmission efficiency, and promote the development of learning and memory function. Secondly, exercise can increase brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDN F), release of nerve growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor --1 (IGF--1) and so on, thus promoting the development of learning and memory function. Again, physical exercise may also improve learning and memory performance by affecting the release of glucocorticoids. Then, physical exercise can enhance the gene expression in the brain area related to learning and memory. Finally, physical exercise may maintain and improve cognitive ability by improving the antioxidant capacity of brain tissue. Conclusions Physical exercise can promote the improvement of children's cognitive ability. The basic cognitive ability of children can be developed through physical exercise. The mechanism of the exercise can be explained by the changes of the brain nerve mechanism, such as increasing the brain capacity and increasing the flow velocity of the brain. The specific biological mechanism still needs to be studied.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Different Types of Exercise on Cognitive Function in People With MCI or Dementia: A Network Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 293-293
Author(s):  
Qiaoqin Wan ◽  
Xiuxiu Huang ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhao ◽  
Bei Li ◽  
Ying Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Exercise Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Global Cognition

Abstract With the accelerating progress of population aging, cognitive dysfunction is becoming increasingly prevalent. Exercise, as a promising non-pharmaceutical therapy, showed favorable effects on cognitive function. But which type is the most effective exercise treatment is still unclear. This study compared the efficacy of different types of exercise interventions based on network meta-analysis and aimed to explore the optimal exercise treatment for cognitive decline. The electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SPORTDiscus, PsycInfoy, and OpenGrey were searched from inception to September 2019. We only included randomized controlled trials that examined the effectiveness of exercise interventions in people with MCI or dementia. Primary outcomes were global cognition, executive function and memory function. Standard mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the effect sizes. Finally, 73 articles with 5748 participants were included. The results showed all kinds of exercise interventions were effective on global cognition and resistance exercise was probably the most effective exercise treatment to prevent the decrease of global cognition (SMD=1.05, 95%CI 0.56-1.54), executive function (SMD=0.85, 95%CI 0.21-1.49) and memory function (SMD=0.32, 95%CI 0.01-0.63) for people with cognitive dysfunction. Subgroup analysis revealed multi-component exercise showed more favorable effects on global cognition (SMD=0.99, 95%CI 0.44-1.54) and executive function (SMD=0.72, 95%CI 0.06-1.38) in people with MCI. In conclusion, resistance exercise tended to be the optimal exercise type for people with cognitive dysfunction, especially for people with dementia. And multi-component exercise also should be recommended for people with MCI.

scholarly journals Effects of dance on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Hewston ◽  
Courtney Clare Kennedy ◽  
Sayem Borhan ◽  
Dafna Merom ◽  
Pasqualina Santaguida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Complex Attention

Abstract Background dance is a mind–body activity that stimulates neuroplasticity. We explored the effect of dance on cognitive function in older adults. Methods we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycInfo databases from inception to August 2020 (PROSPERO:CRD42017057138). Inclusion criteria were (i) randomised controlled trials (ii) older adults (aged ≥ 55 years), (iii) intervention—dance and (iv) outcome—cognitive function. Cognitive domains were classified with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Neurocognitive Framework. Meta-analyses were performed in RevMan5.3 and certainty of evidence with GradePro. Results we reviewed 3,997 records and included 11 studies (N = 1,412 participants). Seven studies included only healthy older adults and four included those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Dance interventions varied in frequency (1–3×/week), time (35–60 minutes), duration (3–12 months) and type. We found a mean difference (MD) = 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI) = 0.21–2.95) on the Mini Mental State Examination for global cognitive function (moderate-certainty evidence), and the Wechsler Memory Test for learning and memory had an MD = 3.02 (95% CI = 1.38–4.65; low-certainty evidence). On the Trail Making Test-A for complex attention, MD = 3.07 (95% CI = −0.81 to 6.95; high-certainty evidence) and on the Trail Making Test-B for executive function, MD = −4.12 (95% CI = −21.28 to 13.03; moderate-certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses did not suggest consistently greater effects in older adults with MCI. Evidence is uncertain for language, and no studies evaluated social cognition or perceptual–motor function. Conclusions dance probably improves global cognitive function and executive function. However, there is little difference in complex attention, and evidence also suggests little effect on learning and memory. Future research is needed to determine the optimal dose and if dance results in greater cognitive benefits than other types of physical activity and exercise.

scholarly journals Short-Term Memory Deficits in the SLEEP Inbred Panel

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Kumar ◽  
Kirklin R. Smith ◽  
Yazmin L. Serrano Negron ◽  
Susan T. Harbison
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Although sleep is heritable and conserved across species, sleep duration varies from individual to individual. A shared genetic architecture between sleep duration and other evolutionarily important traits could explain this variability. Learning and memory are critical traits sharing a genetic architecture with sleep. We wanted to know whether learning and memory would be altered in extreme long or short sleepers. We therefore assessed the short-term learning and memory ability of flies from the Sleep Inbred Panel (SIP), a collection of 39 extreme long- and short-sleeping inbred lines of Drosophila. Neither long nor short sleepers had appreciable learning, in contrast to a moderate-sleeping control. We also examined the response of long and short sleepers to enriched social conditions, a paradigm previously shown to induce morphological changes in the brain. While moderate-sleeping control flies had increased daytime sleep and quantifiable increases in brain structures under enriched social conditions, flies of the Sleep Inbred Panel did not display these changes. The SIP thus emerges as an important model for the relationship between sleep and learning and memory.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory in Mentally Fatigued Truck Drivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felecia Jefferson ◽  
Redeshia Burks ◽  
Ivy Malone ◽  
Adelia Mckinley
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Deep Sleep ◽  
New Information ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Brain

Sleep is the normal rest of an organism. There are two types of sleep. REM and NREM. REM is considered the deep sleep and NREM is considered the lighter sleep. Sleep is also, organized by the brain. You also can sleep what you eat, meaning that, whatever you eat can affect the way you sleep. Memory is the ability to attain, store, and retain and recall information and past experiences in the human brain. Sleep affects learning and memory in a cause and effect situation, if one does not attain enough sleep, their memory or learning ability will not be sufficient. One can maintain healthy or improve their learning and memory function by eating healthy, exercising, keeping stress level low and improving sleep quality. College students can improve sleep quality by revising instead of cramming, being active on campus and stimulating their brains by learning new information.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory in Mentally Fatigued Truck Drivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felecia Jefferson ◽  
Redeshia Burks ◽  
Ivy Malone ◽  
Adelia Mckinley
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Deep Sleep ◽  
New Information ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Brain

Sleep is the normal rest of an organism. There are two types of sleep. REM and NREM. REM is considered the deep sleep and NREM is considered the lighter sleep. Sleep is also, organized by the brain. You also can sleep what you eat, meaning that, whatever you eat can affect the way you sleep. Memory is the ability to attain, store, and retain and recall information and past experiences in the human brain. Sleep affects learning and memory in a cause and effect situation, if one does not attain enough sleep, their memory or learning ability will not be sufficient. One can maintain healthy or improve their learning and memory function by eating healthy, exercising, keeping stress level low and improving sleep quality. College students can improve sleep quality by revising instead of cramming, being active on campus and stimulating their brains by learning new information.

scholarly journals The Effect of Neurobehavioral Test Performance on the All-Cause Mortality among US Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tao-Chun Peng ◽  
Wei-Liang Chen ◽  
Li-Wei Wu ◽  
Ying-Jen Chen ◽  
Fang-Yih Liaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Us ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Multiple Variables

Evidence of the association between global cognitive function and mortality is much, but whether specific cognitive function is related to mortality is unclear. To address the paucity of knowledge on younger populations in the US, we analyzed the association between specific cognitive function and mortality in young and middle-aged adults. We analyzed data from 5,144 men and women between 20 and 59 years of age in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–94) with mortality follow-up evaluation through 2006. Cognitive function tests, including assessments of executive function/processing speed (symbol digit substitution) and learning recall/short-term memory (serial digit learning), were performed. All-cause mortality was the outcome of interest. After adjusting for multiple variables, total mortality was significantly higher in males with poorer executive function/processing speed (hazard ratio (HR) 2.02; 95% confidence interval 1.36 to 2.99) and poorer recall/short-term memory (HR 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 2.12). After adjusting for multiple variables, the mortality risk did not significantly increase among the females in these two cognitive tests groups. In this sample of the US population, poorer executive function/processing speed and poorer learning recall/short-term memory were significantly associated with increased mortality rates, especially in males. This study highlights the notion that poorer specific cognitive function predicts all-cause mortality in young and middle-aged males.

scholarly journals Depression, memory and electroconvulsive therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Coetzer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

SummaryCurrent neuroscience suggests that although short-term memory difficulties frequently occur immediately after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), longer-term problems are less common. However, gaps in our knowledge remain regarding longer-term cognitive problems after ECT, including memory function. Some of these relate to the complexities surrounding cognitive testing and interpretation of test results. An important question in clinical decision-making is why, despite current evidence suggesting long-term memory problems are less frequent, some patients still report subjective memory difficulties. To further advance clinical practice and the neuroscience surrounding post-ECT cognitive function, assessment of cognitive function, possibly including neuropsychological testing, should potentially become more routine as part of clinical practice.Declaration of interestNone

The impact of physical exercise on hippocampus, in physiological condition and ageing-related decline: current evidence from animal and human studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Lauretta ◽  
Silvia Ravalli ◽  
Grazia Maugeri ◽  
Velia D’Agata ◽  
Michelino Di Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

: Physical exercise (PE), notoriously, promotes a state of general well-being, throughout the entire human lifespan. Moreover, maintaining an adequate and regular PE habit results to be a powerful preventive factor towards many diseases and may also help in managing existing pathological conditions. PE induces structural and functional changes in various districts of the body, determining biological and psychological benefits. Additionally, in elderly, PE might represent a remarkable tool reducing cognitive impairments related to the normal aging processes and it has also been found to have an impact in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. The present review aims to provide an overview about PE effects on hippocampus, since it is one of the brain regions most susceptible to aging and, therefore, involved in diseases characterized by cognitive impairment.

4096Additive effects of exercise training upon cognitive function in regular red wine consumers compared to abstainers

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nishiyama ◽  
L Z Campane ◽  
M P Nucci ◽  
M V Zuben ◽  
I C Trombetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Peak Vo2

Abstract Background Although regular red wine (RW) consumption and physical exercise (PE) exert cardiovascular protection a possible aditive effect of both is unknown, especially regarding cognition. Purpose To investigate the effects of supervised PE upon cognitive function in regular RW consumers compared to abstainers (Abs) Methods Cognitive function was assessed by functional Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Image (fMRI) through Stroop Color Word test (Stroop) for executive function and 2-back for working memory as well as neuropsychological tests (trails A, B and Stroop1). Seventy three healthy males, aged 59±5.9 (SD) years were divided into 4 groups: 37 Abs (17 with PE, 20 without) and 36 RW drinkers (17 with PE, 19 without) and then were randomized in the pre-PE phase, either to supervised PE for 3 months, 3x week/1h duration or no PE. Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CET) was performed before and after interventions. Plasma lipids and glucose also were measured. Results Drinkers ingested 19.8±10.3 (SD) gr of ethanol/day as RW for an average of 26.1±15.7 years and did not change their habits during the study period. In pre-PE phase RW drinkers showed lower execution times than Abs in neurophsychological tests (trails A and B and Stroop1) and higher accuracy in the 2-back test in fMRI (p<0.05 for both). Furthermore, in post intervention phase, RW consumers with PE showed a trend towards improvement in executive function (Stroop: % accuracy 92.5±9.2 vs 95.6±5.0, p=0.05) and reduction in execution time (21.9±6 vs 19±3.4; p=0.049) as well as in neuropsychological Stroop-2 (p<0.05).In parallel there were no changes in activated cerebral áreas in either group after PE. However, there was a negative correlation between peak VO2 and activated brain areas by fMRI (Expert Analysis Tool based on the Generalized Linear Model; p<0.05) in both Abs and drinkers. In contrast, there were no significant changes in any cognition test among abstainers regardless of PE; also there were no changes in metabolic profile. PE induced significant increments in peak VO2 in all PE groups (p<0.05). fMRI BOLD sign during 2-back test Conclusion Physical exercise induced further improvement in executive function and working memory in long term RW drinkers, while no effects occurred in abstainers. Such effect was correlated with global fitness, as assessed by peak VO2. Acknowledgement/Funding Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Banco Bradesco SA

scholarly journals Impaired kidney function is associated with lower cognitive function in the elder general population. Results from the Good Aging in Skåne (GÅS) cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Månsson ◽  
Marieclaire Overton ◽  
Mats Pihlsgård ◽  
Sölve Elmståhl
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Global Cognitive Function ◽  
Complex Attention

Abstract Background A possible connection on vascular basis between impaired kidney function and cognitive dysfunction has been suggested in previous studies. Contradictory results regarding specific cognitive domains have been reported. The aim for this study was to investigate the association between kidney function and specific cognitive domains. Methods In this cross-sectional design, data from the general population based cohort study “Good aging in Skåne” (GÅS) was used. The sample included 2931 subjects ages 60 to 93 randomly selected from the southern part of Sweden. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for both creatinine and cystatine C was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. The subjects underwent a test battery of neuropsychological tests assessing global cognitive function, learning and memory, language, complex attention, executive function, perceptual motor and meta-memory. Adjustments were made for age, sex, education and country of origin. Results After adjustment for demographic variables, impaired kidney function was associated with 0.41 points worse result in MMSE, 0.56 points worse result in recognition, 0.66 points worse result in word fluency, 0.45 points worse result in digit cancellation, 0.99 points worse result in pattern comparison, and 3.71 s longer time to finish TMT B-A. Associations to cognitive function was also noted for mildly impaired kidney function defined as eGFR 45- < 60 ml/min/1,73m2. No association was found between kidney function and meta-memory. Conclusions Impaired kidney function as well as the severity of impaired kidney function is associated with impairment in learning and memory, language, complex attention, executive function and global cognitive function, but not meta-memory.

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