scholarly journals Emergency Remote Delivery—Rapid Resilience at a Trade School in the Utility Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Jeroen Breman ◽  
Kristin Oostra ◽  
Charity Bosch ◽  
Jason Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Utility Industry ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Trade School ◽  
The Usa

This case describes the move to emergency remote delivery of classroom instruction at Northwest Lineman College (NLC), a private trade school focusing on educating the utility industry workforce. In particular, this case will describe the artifacts developed and critical design decisions the ad-hoc project team made to continue educating students in the Electrical Lineworker Programs at four locations across the USA at the start of the coronavirus crisis.

Topical Analgesic Formulations: Following the Transdermal Treatment Paradigm Only?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M Keppel Hesselink
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Short Commentary ◽  
Topical Analgesics ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
Topical Analgesic

Topical analgesics are regarded as new inroads to treat peripheral neuropathic pain, with a number of advantages over oral treatments. Topical treatment reduces systemic induced side-effects and have good tolerability, without problems of misuse or abuse, or dependency. Furthermore, the onset of action is fast, mostly within 30 minutes. The mechanism of action of topical analgesics is either via transdermal delivery of the analgesic, or via intradermal mechanisms of action. In the latter case, plasma levels of analgesics in the blood are absent or very low. This perspective is missing in the approach of the ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in the USA, installed by the FDA. In this short commentary, we plead for a more comprehensive approach of topical analgesics, including those formulations which explicitly are not based on transdermal penetration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, but on intradermal mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals “A debriefer must be neutral” and other debriefing myths: a systemic inquiry-based qualitative study of taken-for-granted beliefs about clinical post-event debriefing

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Carolin Seelandt ◽  
Katie Walker ◽  
Michaela Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Healthcare Administrators

Abstract Background The goal of this study was to identify taken-for-granted beliefs and assumptions about use, costs, and facilitation of post-event debriefing. These myths prevent the ubiquitous uptake of post-event debriefing in clinical units, and therefore the identification of process, teamwork, and latent safety threats that lead to medical error. By naming these false barriers and assumptions, the authors believe that clinical event debriefing can be implemented more broadly. Methods We interviewed an international sample of 37 clinicians, educators, scholars, researchers, and healthcare administrators from hospitals, universities, and healthcare organizations in Western Europe and the USA, who had a broad range of debriefing experience. We adopted a systemic-constructivist approach that aimed at exploring in-depth assumptions about debriefing beyond obvious constraints such as time and logistics and focused on interpersonal relationships within organizations. Using circular questions, we intended to uncover new and tacit knowledge about barriers and facilitators of regular clinical debriefings. All interviews were transcribed and analyzed following a comprehensive process of inductive open coding. Results In total, 1508.62 min of interviews (25 h, 9 min, and 2 s) were analyzed, and 1591 answers were categorized. Many implicit debriefing theories reflected current scientific evidence, particularly with respect to debriefing value and topics, the complexity and difficulty of facilitation, the importance of structuring the debriefing and engaging in reflective practice to advance debriefing skills. We also identified four debriefing myths which may prevent post-event debriefing from being implemented in clinical units. Conclusion The debriefing myths include (1) debriefing only when disaster strikes, (2) debriefing is a luxury, (3) senior clinicians should determine debriefing content, and (4) debriefers must be neutral and nonjudgmental. These myths offer valuable insights into why current debriefing practices are ad hoc and not embedded into daily unit practices. They may help ignite a renewed momentum into the implementation of post-event debriefing in clinical settings.

scholarly journals NOVICE DESIGNERS' USE OF PROTOTYPES AS COMMUNICATION TOOLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2277-2286
Author(s):  
Sandeep Krishnakumar ◽  
Carlye Lauff ◽  
Christopher McComb ◽  
Catherine Berdanier ◽  
Jessica Menold
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Undergraduate Engineering ◽  
Novice Designers ◽  
Future Work

AbstractPrototypes are critical design artifacts, and recent studies have established the ability of prototypes to facilitate communication. However, prior work suggests that novice designers often fail to perceive prototypes as effective communication tools, and struggle to rationalize design decisions made during prototyping tasks. To understand the interactions between communication and prototypes, design pitches from 40 undergraduate engineering design teams were collected and qualitatively analysed. Our findings suggest that students used prototypes to explain and persuade, aligning with prior studies of design practitioners. The results also suggest that students tend to use prototypes to justify design decisions and adverse outcomes. Future work will seek to understand novice designers’ use of prototypes as communication tools in further depth. Ultimately, this work will inform the creation of pedagogical strategies to provide students with the skills needed to effectively communicate design solutions and intent.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Zoonoses: A Review of Concepts, Definitions, and Bibliometrics

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Walter Leal Filho ◽  
Linda Ternova ◽  
Sanika Arun Parasnis ◽  
Marina Kovaleva ◽  
Gustavo J. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
One Health ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Author Keywords ◽  
The Uk

Climate change can have a complex impact that also influences human and animal health. For example, climate change alters the conditions for pathogens and vectors of zoonotic diseases. Signs of this are the increasing spread of the West Nile and Usutu viruses and the establishment of new vector species, such as specific mosquito and tick species, in Europe and other parts of the world. With these changes come new challenges for maintaining human and animal health. This paper reports on an analysis of the literature focused on a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database and VOSviewer software for creating visualization maps which identifies the zoonotic health risks for humans and animals caused by climate change. The sources retained for the analysis totaled 428 and different thresholds (N) were established for each item varying from N 5 to 10. The main findings are as follows: First, published documents increased in 2009–2015 peaking in 2020. Second, the primary sources have changed since 2018, partly attributable to the increase in human health concerns due to human-to-human transmission. Third, the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia, Italy, and Germany perform most zoonosis research. For instance, sixty documents and only 17 countries analyzed for co-authorship analysis met the threshold led by the USA; the top four author keywords were “climate change”, “zoonosis”, “epidemiology”, and “one health;” the USA, the UK, Germany, and Spain led the link strength (inter-collaboration); the author keywords showed that 37 out of the 1023 keywords met the threshold, and the authors’ keyword’s largest node of the bibliometric map contains the following: infectious diseases, emerging diseases, disease ecology, one health, surveillance, transmission, and wildlife. Finally, zoonotic diseases, which were documented in the literature in the past, have evolved, especially during the years 2010–2015, as evidenced by the sharp augmentation of publications addressing ad-hoc events and peaking in 2020 with the COVID-19 outbreak.

scholarly journals Music Community, Improvisation, and Social Technologies in COVID-Era Música Huasteca

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Margolies ◽  
J. A. Strub
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
Music Community ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Regional Music

This article examines two interrelated aspects of Mexican regional music response to the coronavirus crisis in the música huasteca community: the growth of interactive huapango livestreams as a preexisting but newly significant space for informal community gathering and cultural participation at the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, and the composition of original verses by son huasteco performers addressing the pandemic. Both the livestreams and the newly created coronavirus disease (COVID) verses reflect critical improvisatory approaches to the pandemic in música huasteca. The interactive livestreams signaled an ad hoc community infrastructure facilitated by social media and an emerging community space fostered by Do-It-Yourself (DIY) activists. Improvised COVID-related verses presented resonant local and regional themes as a community response to a global crisis. Digital ethnography conducted since March 2020 revealed a regional burst of musical creativity coupled with DIY intentionality, a leveling of access to virtual community spaces, and enhanced digital intimacies established across a wide cultural diaspora in Mexico and the USA. These responses were musically, poetically, and organizationally improvisational, as was the overall outpouring of the son huasteco music inspired by the coronavirus outbreak. Son huasteco is a folk music tradition from the Huasteca, a geo-cultural region spanning the intersection of six states in central Mexico. This study examines a selection of musical responses by discussing improvisational examples in both Spanish and the indigenous language Nahuatl, and in the virtual musical communities of the Huasteca migrant diaspora in digital events such as “Encuentro Virtual de Tríos Huastecos,” the “Huapangos Sin Fronteras” festival and competition, and in the nightly gatherings on social media platforms developed during the pandemic to sustain the Huastecan cultural expression. These phenomena have served as vibrant points of transnational connection and identity in a time where physical gatherings were untenable.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mechanistic and statistical methods in forecasting influenza-like illness

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (144) ◽  
pp. 20180174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasikiran Kandula ◽  
Teresa Yamana ◽  
Sen Pei ◽  
Wan Yang ◽  
Haruka Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Influenza Activity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual

A variety of mechanistic and statistical methods to forecast seasonal influenza have been proposed and are in use; however, the effects of various data issues and design choices (statistical versus mechanistic methods, for example) on the accuracy of these approaches have not been thoroughly assessed. Here, we compare the accuracy of three forecasting approaches—a mechanistic method, a weighted average of two statistical methods and a super-ensemble of eight statistical and mechanistic models—in predicting seven outbreak characteristics of seasonal influenza during the 2016–2017 season at the national and 10 regional levels in the USA. For each of these approaches, we report the effects of real time under- and over-reporting in surveillance systems, use of non-surveillance proxies of influenza activity and manual override of model predictions on forecast quality. Our results suggest that a meta-ensemble of statistical and mechanistic methods has better overall accuracy than the individual methods. Supplementing surveillance data with proxy estimates generally improves the quality of forecasts and transient reporting errors degrade the performance of all three approaches considerably. The improvement in quality from ad hoc and post-forecast changes suggests that domain experts continue to possess information that is not being sufficiently captured by current forecasting approaches.

scholarly journals A Design Case for Implementing a Collaborative Strategy for Online Teams

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Funda Ergulec ◽  
Janet Mannheimer Zydney
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Course Development ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Online Collaborative Learning ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Building Activities

This paper describes a half semester long curricular and instructional design project focusing on the design and implementation of a collaborative strategy into a fully online graduate class in adult education. The purposeful group as-signment and team building strategy, collectively called the collaborative strategy, represents an instructional approach designed to increase the effectiveness of online collaborative learning. In this context, students are strategically assigned to teams based on their study habits, and they participate in several team-building activities designed to maintain the collaborative learning. This paper presents critical design decisions made during the course development, the reasons for those decisions, failures in which the design did not work as planned, and a reflection on the design.

A Design Knowledge Management Framework for Active Design Support

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundong Francis Pahng ◽  
Sungdo Ha ◽  
Sehyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Design Knowledge ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design Support ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Active Design

Abstract Product design is a knowledge-intensive activity. Many product development companies have recognized that design knowledge obtained by individual designers is a valuable asset to a company for enhancing the competitiveness of products the company designs and produces. Therefore, companies are becoming more concerned with the effective use of design knowledge accumulated over previous design practices and the qualitative and quantitative utilization of the knowledge toward the rapidly changing market. This paper presents a design knowledge management framework called Active Design Support (ADS). ADS framework is aimed to provide designers with critical design knowledge and guide them toward rational design decisions based upon relevant design errors and successful design decisions in the past during product development processes. Based upon a formal information modeling for managing design information, ADS framework determines and proactively provides the critical design knowledge for designers. To provide an intuitive starting point for retrieving design knowledge, ADS framework also provides a set of different viewpoint, called Knowledge Perspective, for browsing the knowledge base of ADS framework.

OPTIMAL RANDOM AGE REPLACEMENT FOR AVAILABILITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN E. ANGUS ◽  
MENG-LAI YIN ◽  
KISHOR TRIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Age Replacement

An age replacement maintenance policy is considered here, in which a system is restored whenever it fails, or ages without failure up to a preventive maintenance epoch (whichever comes first). The duration of the restoration activity is random, and depends on whether it was precipitated by a failure or by a preventive maintenance action. The case where the preventive maintenance epoch is deterministic has been studied previously, and shown to be optimal in a certain sense. Here, we consider the case where the preventive maintenance epoch is randomized, which is more realistic for many systems. The system availability is the long run proportion of time that the system is operational (i.e., not undergoing repair or preventive maintenance). The optimal rate of preventive maintenance to maximize availability is considered, along with sufficient conditions for such an optimum to exist. The results obtained herein are useful to systems engineers in making critical design decisions.

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