scholarly journals What is Communicable? Unaccounted Injuries and “Catching” Diabetes in an Illegible Epidemic

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Moran-Thomas

Long-accepted models of causality cast diseases into the binary of either “contagious” or “non-communicable,” typically with institutional resources focused primarily on interrupting infectious disease transmission. But in southern Belize, as in much of the world today, epidemic diabetes has become a leading cause of death and a notorious contributor to organ failure and amputated limbs. This ethnographic essay follows caregivers’ and families’ work to survive in-between public health categories, and asks what responses a bifurcated model of infectious versus non-communicable disease structures or incapacitates in practice. It proposes an alternative focus on diabetes as a “para-communicable” condition—materially transmitted as bodies and ecologies intimately shape each other over time, with unequal and compounding effects for historically situated groups of people. The article closes by querying how communicability relates to community, and why it matters to reframe narratives about contributing causalities in relation to struggles for treatment access.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Yandrizal Yandrizal ◽  
Rizanda Machmud ◽  
Melinda Noer ◽  
Hardisman Hardisman ◽  
Afrizal Afrizal ◽  
...  

Non-Communicable disease has already been the main cause of death in many countries, as many as 57 million death in the world in 2008, 36 million (63 percent) is because of un-infectious disease, specifically heart illness, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. Prevention and controlling efforts of un-infectious diseases developing in Indonesia is non-communicable disease integrated development post (Pospindu PTM). This research used combination method approach with exploratory design. Exploratory design with sequential procedure used combination consecutively, the first is qualitative and the second is quantitative method. Public Health Center formed Posbindu PTM has not disseminate yet to all stakeholders. Posbindu PTM members felt benefit by following this activity. Some of them did not know follow the activity because of unknown about it. There was  connection between coming behavior to Posbindu PTM to preventing behavior of non-communicable disease.Percentage for high blood pressure risk indicated 20-25 percent from all visitors. Formulation of its policy implementation started with stakeholder analysis; head of sub district, head of urban village, head of health department in regency/city, head of public health service, head of neighborhood Association, and the head of family welfare development.  Analysis of perception, power and authority found that every stakeholder had authority to manage the member directly or indirectly. It was not implemented because of the lack knowledge of stakeholders about the Posbindu PTM function.They would play a role after knowing the aim and advantage of the post by motivate the people to do early detection, prevention and control the non-communicable disease. The members were given wide knowledge about  early detection, preventing  and control the un-infectious disease, measuring and checking up their healthy continuously so that keep feeling the advantage of coming to the post.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Bruna Lígia Ferreira Almeida Barbosa ◽  
Janaina Valadares Guimarães ◽  
Ana Karina Maqrques Salge

RESUMOObjetivo: determinar as características sociodemográficas de gestantes infectadas pelo HIV relacionadas ao risco de transmissão vertical do HIV. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, em que foram analisados 323 prontuários de gestantes HIV positivo que realizaram o parto em uma maternidade pública. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa eletrônico SigmaStat®, versão 2.0. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados descritivamente a partir de distribuição de frequências, médias e desvio padrão. As proporções foram comparadas pelo teste do c2, acompanhado do teste exato de Fisher. Foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes as diferenças em que p foi menor que 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: verificaram-se situações que contrariam as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde: 54,5% das gestantes realizaram menos de seis consultas pré-natal; 87% praticaram sexo desprotegido durante a gestação; 71,2% realizaram a primeira consulta pré-natal somente após o primeiro trimestre. Conclusão: foi obtido o diagnóstico quantitativo acerca dos riscos de exposição sofrido pelas gestantes, facilitando um planejamento assertivo em relação aos aspectos que ainda são falhos e que aumentam as chances da transmissão vertical do HIV. Descritores:  HIV; Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas; Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis; Gestantes.ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women infected with HIV related to the risk of vertical HIV transmission. Method: a descriptive and quantitative study, in which 323 records of HIV positive pregnant women who were delivered at a public maternity hospital were analyzed. The data was analyzed by the electronic program, SigmaStat®, version 2.0. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively from frequency distribution, means and standard deviation. The proportions were compared by the c2 test, accompanied by Fisher's exact test. Statistically significant differences were found in which p was less than 5% (p <0.05). Results: there were situations that contradicted the recommendations of the Ministry of Health: 54.5% of the pregnant women performed less than six prenatal consultations; 87% had unprotected sex during pregnancy; 71.2% performed the first prenatal visit only after the first trimester. Conclusion: a quantitative diagnosis was obtained about the risks of exposure experienced by pregnant women, facilitating assertive planning in relation to aspects that are still flawed and that increase the chances of vertical HIV transmission. Descriptors: HIV; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Communicable Disease Control; Pregnant Women.in relation to aspects that are still flawed and that increase the chances of vertical HIV transmission. Descriptors: HIV; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Communicable Disease Control; Pregnant Women.RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar las características sociodemográficas de las mujeres embarazadas infectadas por el VIH relacionandas al riesgo de transmisión vertical del VIH. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, en que fueron analizados 323 prontuarios de las mujeres embarazadas VIH positivo, que realizaron el parto en una maternidad pública. Los datos fueron analizados por el programa electrónico SigmaStat®, versión 2.0. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron de forma descriptiva a partir de la distribución de frecuencias, medias y desviaciones padronizadas. Las proporciones fueron comparadas por la prueba del c2, acompañado de la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se consideraron estadísticamente significativas las diferencias en que p fue menor que 5% (p <0,05). Resultados: se verificaron situaciones que contrarresta las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Salud: 54,5% de las mujeres embarazadas realizaron menos de seis consultas prenatales, el 87% practicaron sexo desprotegido durante la gestación; el 71,2% realizaron la primera consulta prenatal sólo después del primer trimestre. Conclusión: se obtuvo el diagnóstico cuantitativo acerca de los riesgos de exposición sufridos por las mujeres embarazadas, facilitando una planificación asertiva en relación a los aspectos que aún son fallidos y que aumentan las posibilidades de la transmisión vertical del VIH. Descriptores: VIH; Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa; Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles; Mujeres Embarazadas.


Author(s):  
Hilary Burton ◽  
Mark Kroese

After reading this chapter, you will have a better understanding of: the absolute basics of genomics (and how it relates to genetics) from DNA to sequence to healthcare decision; genomics in healthcare: how understanding the molecular basis of disease forms the basis of personalized medicine; genomics and disease prevention; genomics and reproductive choice; genomics and formal population health screening programmes; genomics and common non-communicable disease prevention; genomics and infectious disease; genomics and society: ethical issues in the use of genomics; the roles that public health specialists might play; where to get further information.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
Niraj Shrestha ◽  
Achyut Raj Pandey ◽  
Mirak Raj Angdembe

Management of COVID-19 in Nepal will certainly benefit from the experiences of other countries. However, they are less likely to be suitable for Nepal both in terms of context and resource availability. Social contact pattern studies have shown that understanding the nature of human-to-human contacts can help describe the dynamics of infectious disease transmission. The findings of such studies will help the country prepare itself for future outbreaks, inform mathematically modelling and public health interventions that match domestic capabilities. Methods such as self-reported contact diary can be used to conduct such studies following a feasibility study. Keywords: Contact diary;COVID-19; disease transmission; social contact pattern.


Author(s):  
Pinaki Pal

The world is facing multi-wave transmission of COVID-19 pandemics, and investigations are rigorously carried out on modeling the dynamics of the pandemic. Multi-wave transmission during infectious disease epidemics is a big challenge to public health. Here we introduce a simple mathematical model, the double sigmoidal-Boltzmann equation (DSBE), for analyzing the multi-wave Covid-19 spread in Iceland in terms of the number of cumulative cases. Simulation results and the main parameters that characterize multi waves are derived, yielding important information about the behavior of the multi-wave pandemics over time. The result of the current examination reveals the effectiveness and efficacy of DSBE for exploring the Covid 19 dynamics in Iceland and can be employed to examine the pandemic situation in different countries undergoing multi-waves.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Cadavid Restrepo ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori ◽  
Helen Mayfield ◽  
Eric J. Nilles ◽  
Colleen L. Lau

Author(s):  
Gregory Gutin ◽  
Tomohiro Hirano ◽  
Sung-Ha Hwang ◽  
Philip R. Neary ◽  
Alexis Akira Toda

AbstractHow does social distancing affect the reach of an epidemic in social networks? We present Monte Carlo simulation results of a susceptible–infected–removed with social distancing model. The key feature of the model is that individuals are limited in the number of acquaintances that they can interact with, thereby constraining disease transmission to an infectious subnetwork of the original social network. While increased social distancing typically reduces the spread of an infectious disease, the magnitude varies greatly depending on the topology of the network, indicating the need for policies that are network dependent. Our results also reveal the importance of coordinating policies at the ‘global’ level. In particular, the public health benefits from social distancing to a group (e.g. a country) may be completely undone if that group maintains connections with outside groups that are not following suit.


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