Unemployment, migration and human security of daily-wage labour: a case of labour market Chauraha in Lucknow Town

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Rajani Kant Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Daily Wage

Livestock Trader Entrepreneurs among Urban Bedouin in the Negev Desert

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Allan Degen ◽  
Shaher El-Meccawi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Small Livestock

There are more than 150,000 Bedouin in the Negev Desert. Traditionally they were nomadic pastoralists relying on camels, sheep and goats for their livelihood; today about half the population lives in urban communities. Most urban Bedouin men have entered the wage labour market and have abandoned raising livestock. Nonetheless, of close to 1,300 registered flocks, about 15% are owned by urban households, and the Ministry of Agriculture estimates that the figure should be close to 50%. In Tel Sheva, a Bedouin town of 14,000 inhabitants, there are 17 registered flocks and about 15% of the households maintain sheep and/or goats. In addition, 111 livestock trader entrepreneurs are active, dealing mainly with sheep and, to a lesser extent, goats and cattle. Sheep and goats are bought mainly from Bedouin, while cattle are bought mainly from Jewish settlements. There are 16 large livestock traders, all men, who trade throughout the year; for seven of them, livestock trading is their main occupation. These traders generally do not attend weekly markets but do their transactions from home. Thirteen of these traders deal mainly with sheep and goats and can handle upwards of 200 head at a time, while three of them deal primarily with cattle, supplying them mainly for wedding celebrations. There are 75 small livestock traders, five of whom are women. These traders handle mainly small numbers of sheep and goats all year round and often buy and sell at the local markets. In addition, there are 20 opportunist traders, all men, who handle sheep periodically, in particular at Eid ul-Adha when most Muslim families sacrifice an animal. The future of most Bedouin would appear to lie in integration into the Israeli urban economy while attempting to maintain cultural traditions. The use of sheep and other livestock for traditional purposes will continue to play an important role.

Vulnerability of the ‘Entrepreneurial Self’: Analysing the Interplay between Labour Markets and Social Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Caraher ◽  
Enrico Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
The Way

Precarious forms of employment and increased subjectivation have profoundly altered the way in which wage-labour acts as an integrative force in society. At the same time and contributing to these changes, the focus of social policies has undergone a significant transformation, leading to an increased emphasis on individualised activation. Using the concept of vulnerability, the article has three objectives: First, to argue for an understanding of vulnerability that is sensitive to the importance of wage-labour; secondly, to outline how changes in labour markets due to the ongoing crisis of contemporary capitalism create vulnerability and to assess how social policies contribute as well as attempt to respond to these vulnerabilities with ambivalent outcomes; and finally to introduce an analytical approach to explore the interplay between social policy and socio-economic structures in determining the extent and nature of labour-market related vulnerability using the case of self-employment.

scholarly journals CAPITAL WITHOUT WAGE-LABOUR: MARX’S MODES OF SUBSUMPTION REVISITED

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Vrousalis
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Capitalist Mode ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Authority Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Workplace Authority ◽  
Mode Of Production

Abstract:This paper argues that capitalist social relations do not presuppose wage-labour. The paper defends a functional definition of the capitalist relations of production, in terms of what Marx calls the ’subsumption of labour by capital’. I argue that there are at least four modes of subsumption, one transitional to and one transitional from the capitalist mode of production. Unlike the capitalist mode of production, capitalist relations of production are compatible with the absence of a labour market, and even with the absence of workplace authority relations. The ambit of capitalist domination is therefore broader than typically thought.

scholarly journals Reflections of Wage Discrimination on Poverty: Assessment of Indian Rural Labour Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Santosh K. Singh ◽  
Anup K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Lower Caste ◽  
Daily Wage ◽  
Wage Earning

In this research paper, we have tried to probe the effect or reflections of wage discrimination on poverty. It is found that the differences in the wage determination process in the public and private sectors may result in earning differentials across socio-religious groups.  Many of the research community have been given data about discrimination in the labour market. In this particular paper, we have given the results of data interpretation for wage discrimination and its direct or indirect relation with poverty. The analysis has been presented for mainly three types of work; regular, casual and self-employed work. For the query of wage discrimination and its effect on poverty, we had divided the households into two parts, the first type of households whose household’s MPCE is below the poverty line and second whose household’s MPCE is higher the poverty line. The findings of the study make clear that the average daily wage for all type work of lower caste is less than the upper caste. The results also show that the poor household has found higher in lower caste in comparison to upper caste. The differences in the average wage-earning among the social groups for the same types of work may be the case of discrimination and poverty. The result argued to policymakers that they should frame an appropriate plan to address this issue and work for indiscrimination in the labour market and job creation in the rural areas.

Staatseingriff und Ökonomiefunktion / State intervention and the economic function

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Vobruba
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Economic Function ◽  
Means Of Production ◽  
The Welfare State

AbstractThe origin of the function of the Welfare State is to be explained as a reaction, firstly, to forceful social claims by the working class and, secondly, to its hereby increasing political weight which the state had to take into account for the sake of its own survival. With the adoption of social obligations, the state in capitalism enters into a specific dependence from the economic system. Since the state is not a producer, it has to acquire the necessary financial means from the economic system to function as a Welfare State. The extraction of financial means from the economic system (especially in the form of taxes) can occur all the more easily, the more smoothly the economic system itself functions. The state is, therefore ‚out of its own interests‘ dependent on the promotion of the economic system. The intervention of the Welfare State affects, on the other hand, the function of the economy. Whilst the Welfare State provides an, at least rudimentary, existence beyond the labour market and occupation, it evades the constraintive situation: wage labour or starvation, to which the non owners of the means of production were subject to under ‚classical‘ conditions, and therefore strenghtens their conflict potential. The corollary of this is that the function of the capitalist crisis to purge wage costs, can no longer unfold itself. Consequently this results in a change of the particular character of capitalist crisis and in a development, which in its tendency burdens the state with ever increasing social problems, to be solved, without enableing the state to sufficiently expand its financial margin.

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