The Imperial City Terrace Locality of the Shimao City Site in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
The Core ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Terrace

Abstract The Imperial City Terrace (Huangchengtai), a high terrace clad with stone retaining walls on all sides, was the core area of the Shimao Archaic City Site enclosed by the inner city and outer city. In 2016, the gate remains and the upper part of the northern section of the eastern retaining wall, which was the best preserved part of the retaining walls of the Imperial City Terrace, were excavated. The gate remains of the Imperial City Terrace consisted of the square, the outer barbican, the bastions, and the inner barbican. The square was in front of the gate, and the gateway was paved with stone slabs. The entire gate has more complex structure, more magnificent scale and more elaborate construction techniques than that of the eastern gate of the Outer City. This excavation sets a new starting point for the exploration of the large-scale stone city settlement pattern of the Longshan Age.

scholarly journals Narratives of everyday resilience: lessons from an urban kampung community in Surabaya, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirleyana ◽  
Scott Hawken ◽  
Riza Yosia Sunindijo ◽  
David Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Political Network ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose This paper aims to discuss what people perceive as risks and resilience factors, and how they build everyday resilience. Design/methodology/approach The study focuses on Kampung (literally “village”) Plampitan, a neighbourhood in the inner-city part of Surabaya. The research used field observation, in-depth interviews and workshops during community meetings to collect data. Findings The results show how people respond to daily risks and find the support necessary to survive. The problems and risks revealed in the study include crime and economic difficulties, such as unemployment and insufficient income. Coping strategies identified are classified into place-based adaption, people-based network and political network. These strategies can serve as a starting point for local communities to assess their resilience and assist them in enhancing “everyday” resilience. Originality/value The paper argues that the concept of resilience must go beyond top-down approaches to disaster risk management and integrate bottom-up understanding from the perspective of local people, especially among marginal and disadvantaged communities. The paper develops the emerging and overlooked concept of “everyday resilience” and suggests that it is essential in surviving both “everyday” or small-scale chronic risks and large-scale disasters.

scholarly journals Experimental Assessments of Treating Effect on Retaining Walls for Loess Slopes under Long-Term Rainfall

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Zhijun Zhou ◽  
Shiqiang Xu ◽  
Wenjing Mi
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Rainwater Infiltration ◽  
Large Soil

Failures of treated slope occurring in China are at a continually increasing rate, and the huge number of treated loess slopes is calling for a postevaluation; however, no mature technique is in place. Based on an actual loess slope in Shaanxi Province treated by retaining wall, indoor geotechnical and model tests were conducted, revealing the rainwater infiltration process and pressure variations behind the wall, and the processes were then adopted to perform the postevaluation of the treated slope. The results proposed that effectual measures hence needed to be taken so as to avert rainwater infiltrating along the wall face and back or flowing through the wall body, which can soften the soil of the slope bottom. Although the wet front was developed by the rainfall process, it cannot be used as the boundary between saturated and unsaturated areas. Despite the peculiarly large soil pressure upon the wall back at the top layer, the soil pressure increases to a large value and then decreases with the depth. The model test results and investigation results were used to conduct the postevaluation of the prototype slope, which formed a postevaluation frame relevant to other slope postevaluations.

The Lushanmao site of the Neolithic Age in Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
The Core ◽  
Neolithic Age ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Ritual Systems ◽  
The Neolithic Age

AbstractThe Lushanmao site is a large-scale settlement site from the late Miaodigou Phase II culture to the late Longshan age located in Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province. The core zone of the settlement is on a hill ridge, on the top of which four large-sized rammed-earth platform foundations are distributed, each of which had large-sized rammed-earth architecture sites on top. On the top of the excavated Da Yingpan Liang (Large Garrison Ridge), one large courtyard and two smaller courtyards were distributed. Of them, the large courtyard was facing south, which would be the earliest palace complex in an axial symmetrical plan known to date in China, and the two smaller ones would be its guardhouses. In the large courtyard, a set of roof tiles, which would be the earliest ones known to date in China, were unearthed; and jades were also found in the rammed-earth foundation or walls. These discoveries are significantly valuable for the studies on the early capital city planning, origins, and evolutions of palaces and the developments of the early ritual systems and architectural materials of China.

The behavior of tied-back retaining walls

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Hanna ◽  
G. A. Matallana
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Excavation Support ◽  
Experimental Findings

Rational design of an excavation support system that incorporates the retaining of the soil mass by a wall which is held by prestressed anchors (tie-backs) located in the retained soil necessitates an appreciation of the influence of construction techniques on performance, an estimation of the magnitude of the ground movements that will take place, and the provision of adequate strength to the structural components of the wall. In this paper, the general subject of tied-back retaining walls is considered and the results of a series of laboratory scale experiments are presented. These data provide the first comprehensive information on the subject and have enabled the basic mechanics of wall behavior to be worked out. In particular it has been shown that the performance of a tied-back retaining wall is conditioned by (1) the depth of the excavation in relation to the ground geometry, (2) the bearing capacity of the base of the wall and, (3) the interaction between the flexible support anchors (their inclination in particular), the retained ground, and the wall.The paper is divided into three parts: the first contains a brief discussion on the tied-back retaining wall with particular reference to the interaction between the anchors, the wall, and the ground; the second part is concerned with a laboratory scale test program; the third part provides a tentative interpretation of the experimental findings and draws attention to the limitation in the present understanding of the subject.

Econometric Analysis of Brazilian Scientific Production and Comparison with BRICS

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Hayne ◽  
A.T.S. Wyse
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Capitalist Production ◽  
The Core ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Near Future

This article proposes a study that placed Brazilian scientific production at the core of the debate, and Brazil as a member of BRICS framework emphasises its importance. It starts from the argument that scientific production is a key factor considering that it is through knowledge that societies evolve. This issue becomes even more relevant when pointing to the capitalist production model that transforms knowledge into wealth. That was the starting point for leading an econometric study to formulate a model to explain Brazilian scientific production from 1994 to 2014. The least square method was used to estimate the parameters of a production function to identify the variables that most influenced, statistically, the behaviour of Brazilian scientific production. The main variables that strongly explained the number of published articles, proxy of the scientific production, are number of post-graduate programmes, number of masters and doctors, Brazilian population and expenditure on research and development (R&D). The present study showed that postgraduate programmes are the ones that most influenced the behaviour of Brazilian published articles. Therefore, it is necessary to equip Brazilian postgraduate system to create the basis of a structure, which, in the near future, will produce knowledge in large scale and with high competitiveness.

Discovery of an Unexpected Similarity in Ligand Binding Between BRD4 and PPARγ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Humbeck ◽  
Jette Pretzel ◽  
Saskia Spitzer ◽  
Oliver Koch
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Important Drug

Knowledge about interrelationships between different proteins is crucial in fundamental research for the elucidation of protein networks and pathways. Furthermore, it is especially critical in chemical biology to identify further key regulators of a disease and to take advantage of polypharmacology effects. A comprehensive scaffold-based analysis uncovered an unexpected relationship between bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). They are both important drug targets for cancer therapy and many more important diseases. Both proteins share binding site similarities near a common hydrophobic subpocket which should allow the design of a polypharmacology-based ligand targeting both proteins. Such a dual-BRD4-PPARγ-modulator could show synergistic effects with a higher efficacy or delayed resistance development in, for example, cancer therapy. Thereon, a complex structure of sulfasalazine was obtained that involves two bromodomains and could be a potential starting point for the design of a bivalent BRD4 inhibitor.

Perencanaan dinding penahan tanah untuk menanggulangi kelongsoran pada kompleks peternakan ayam di Kecamatan Kandangan, Kediri, Jawa Timur

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Mila K. Wardani ◽  
Felicia T. Nuciferani ◽  
Mohamad F.N. Aulady
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Soil Retaining Walls

Landslide one of the natural disasters that caused many victims. Therefore, the landslide need a construction that can withstand landslide force. This study aims to plan retaining walls to prevent landslides in the farm area in Kandangan Subdistrict, Kediri Regency. The method used is to use slide analysis which is used to plan the retaining wall. In addition the planning of soil containment walls u ses several methods as a comparison. The results of this study indicate that the planning of ordinary soil retaining walls is still not enough to overcome slides. The minimum SF value that meets the safe limit of landslide prevention is 1.541 in the combination of 1/3 H terracing and the number of gabions as many as 7 with a total height of 2- 3 m .

Identification of N-Substituted Triazolo-azetidines as Novel Antibacterials using pDualrep2 HTS Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Yan A. Ivanenkov ◽  
Renat S. Yamidanov ◽  
Ilya A. Osterman ◽  
Petr V. Sergiev ◽  
Vladimir A. Aladinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mic Value

Aim and Objective: Antibiotic resistance is a serious constraint to the development of new effective antibacterials. Therefore, the discovery of the new antibacterials remains one of the main challenges in modern medicinal chemistry. This study was undertaken to identify novel molecules with antibacterial activity. Materials and Methods: Using our unique double-reporter system, in-house large-scale HTS campaign was conducted for the identification of antibacterial potency of small-molecule compounds. The construction allows us to visually assess the underlying mechanism of action. After the initial HTS and rescreen procedure, luciferase assay, C14-test, determination of MIC value and PrestoBlue test were carried out. Results: HTS rounds and rescreen campaign have revealed the antibacterial activity of a series of Nsubstituted triazolo-azetidines and their isosteric derivatives that has not been reported previously. Primary hit-molecule demonstrated a MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL against E. coli Δ tolC with signs of translation blockage and no SOS-response. Translation inhibition (26%, luciferase assay) was achieved at high concentrations up to 160 µg/mL, while no activity was found using C14-test. The compound did not demonstrate cytotoxicity in the PrestoBlue assay against a panel of eukaryotic cells. Within a series of direct structural analogues bearing the same or bioisosteric scaffold, compound 2 was found to have an improved antibacterial potency (MIC=6.25 µg/mL) close to Erythromycin (MIC=2.5-5 µg/mL) against the same strain. In contrast to the parent hit, this compound was more active and selective, and provided a robust IP position. Conclusion: N-substituted triazolo-azetidine scaffold may be used as a versatile starting point for the development of novel active and selective antibacterial compounds.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Molecular Variability of Kiwifruit Viruses in Actinidia deliciosa ‘Xuxiang’ in the Shaanxi Province of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Yuanle Zhang ◽  
Zhanmin Wu ◽  
Qiao-Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
First Report ◽  
Molecular Variability ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Actinidia Spp ◽  
Main Producer

Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is an economically substantial fruit crop with China the main producer. China is the primary source of wild kiwifruit and the largest producer of kiwifruit in terms of both production and planting area, and Shaanxi province is the largest kiwifruit producer in China. Previous studies reported presence of kiwifruit viruses in Actinidia chinensis. In this study, six viruses were identified in kiwifruit ‘Xuxiang’ (A. deliciosa) in Shaanxi, China. The incidence, distribution, and genetic diversity of these viruses were studied. The results showed that Actinidia virus A (AcVA), Actinidia virus B (AcVB), Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), and potato virus X (PVX) were the main viruses infecting Xuxiang kiwifruit in Shaanxi, China. Incidence of the various viruses with both single and multiple infection varied with different kiwifruit-growing counties. For single virus infection, the highest and the lowest numbers of samples infected were about 22 for AcCRaV and 0 for AcVB in Meixian out of 170 samples, 12 for AcVA and 0 for CMV in Zhouzhi out of 120 samples, 10 for AcVA and 0 for AcVB, AcCRaV, ASGV, PVX, and CMV in Yangling out of 70 samples, and 8 for AcCRaV and CMV and 0 for AcVA, AcVB, ASGV, and PVX in Hanzhong out of 80 samples, respectively. Samples which were multiply infected with two or more viruses were also detected. Analysis of the phylogenetic tree of these viruses showed some genetic variability in the AcVA, AcVB, and AcCRaV isolates of Shaanxi kiwifruit. There was no obvious molecular variation in the coat protein genes of ASGV, CMV, and PVX virus isolates from Shaanxi kiwifruit. The present study is the first large-scale survey of kiwifruit viruses in Shaanxi, China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PVX infecting kiwifruit and the first report of molecular variability of AcVA, AcVB, and AcCRaV. These results provide important data for studying the genetic evolution of AcVA, AcVB, AcCRaV, ASGV, CMV, and PVX.

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