scholarly journals The prevalence of enteroviruses that cause respiratory infections in patients with influenzavirus A/H1N1 hospitalized in the Lublin province

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-201
Author(s):  
Adrian Jarzynski ◽  
Agata Dubas ◽  
Malgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

ABSTRACT Viruses that cause respiratory tract infections are the most common agents of infectious diseases in humans throughout the world. A virus that infects the respiratory system, may induce various clinical symptoms. What is more, the same symptoms may be caused by different viruses. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of enteroviruses that cause respiratory infections in patients with influenzavirus A/H1N1 hospitalized in the Lublin province. The experimental material was throat and nose swabs taken from patients hospitalized in Lublin and Tomaszow Lubelski. In the group of 44 patients (20 women and 24 men) infected with influenza A/H1N1, the genetic material of enteroviruses was detected in 13 patients (29.5%). Respiratory viruses co-infections are very common in hospitalized patients. Studies show that co-infection with influenza virus and enterovirus are more common in children than in adults. Moreover, viral respiratory tract infections are independent from the patients’ gender.

scholarly journals Ozonated Air Therapy for the Treatment of Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections as a Potential Therapy for Prevention and Treatment of Covid 19 Infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Sagar A. Jawale
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Inhalation Therapy ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: In India and worldwide, there are millions of cases of acute respiratory infections annually killing hundreds of thousand people. It also has billions of dollars of losses worldwide. There are frequent outbreaks of deadly infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in Mexico in March 2009, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and the current pandemic with Novel CoronaVirus -Covid19. I did my research to find a common effective, safe, and cheap therapynamed as Ozonated air inhalation therapy (OAIT) for respiratory infections. Materials and methods: In the last one year, I treated 21 patients (group A) with upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI and LRTI) with 0.1 ppm Ozonated air inhalation therapy (OAIT). OAIT was given as a monotherapy. In the same time period, 36 patients (group B) were given conventional treatment in the form of antibiotics, anti-histaminic and analgesics kept as control.

scholarly journals Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Travel-Associated Respiratory Tract Infections in Travelers Returning From Countries Affected by Pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 Influenza

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Jauréguiberry ◽  
David Boutolleau ◽  
Eric Grandsire ◽  
Tomek Kofman ◽  
Claire Deback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Throat Culture ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Although acute respiratory tract infections (RTI) have been recognized as a significant cause of illness in returning travelers, few studies have specifically evaluated the etiologies of RTI in this population. Methods This prospective investigation evaluated travelers returning from countries with endemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009, and who were seen in our department at the onset of the outbreak (April–July 2009). Patients were included if they presented with signs of RTI that occurred during travel or less than 7 days after return from overseas travel. Patients were evaluated for microbial agents with RespiFinder plus assay, and throat culture according to clinical presentation. Results A total of 113 travelers (M/F ratio 1.2:1; mean age 39 y) were included. They were mainly tourists (n = 50; 44.2%) mostly returning from North America (n = 65; 58%) and Mexico (n = 21; 18.5%). The median duration of travel was 23 days (range 2–540 d). The median lag time between return and onset of illness was 0.2 days (range 10 d prior to 7 d after). The main clinical presentation of RTI was influenza-like illness (n = 76; 67.3%). Among the 99 microbiologically evaluated patients, a pathogen was found by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or throat culture in 65 patients (65.6%). The main etiological agents were influenza A(H1N1) 2009 (18%), influenza viruses (14%), and rhinovirus (20%). A univariate analysis was unable to show variables associated with influenza A(H1N1) 2009, whereas rhinorrhea was associated with viruses other than influenza (p = 0.04). Conclusion Despite the A(H1N1) 2009 influenza pandemic, rhinovirus and other influenza viruses were also frequent causes of RTI in overseas travelers. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and nasopharyngeal swab cultures are useful diagnostic tools for evaluating travelers with RTI.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and virological characteristics of respiratory tract infections in children during COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueling Zhu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Binbin Yang ◽  
Ruiying Qian ◽  
Fang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background To investigate the impact of protective measures and isolation on respiratory tract infections in children during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods We extracted data on outpatient visits and respiratory infection visits, and tests of respiratory viruses (adenovirus (ADV), influenza A (FluA), influenza B (FluB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) from electronic healthcare records in Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine during the COVID-19 outbreak (January–April, 2020), compared with those in 2018 and 2019 during the same periods. Results We found that outpatient visits in January, 2020 was comparable with those in 2018 and 2019, but decreased by 59.9% (288,003 vs. 717,983) and 57.4% (288,003 vs. 676,704), respectively during the period of February-April, 2020, as compared with the same periods in 2018 and 2019. The total number of respiratory tract infections from January to April 2020 decreased by 65.7% (119,532 vs.348,762) and 59.0% (119,532 vs.291,557), respectively compared with the same periods in 2018 and 2019. The proportion of respiratory tract infections during the outbreak also dropped compared with the same periods in 2018 and 2019 (P<0.001). We also found significantly decreased number of completed tests for respiratory viruses and positive cases of ADV, FluA, FluB, and RSV during February-April, 2020. Conclusions In this study, we found that outpatient visits and respiratory tract infections in children significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak. Adequate protective measures and isolation in children may help to prevent respiratory virus infections in children.

Wheezing Associated With Respiratory Tract Infections In Children

1966 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine L. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

This paper reviews the known relation ships of common acute bacterial and viral respiratory infections to the asth matic state and to wheezing attacks in children. Implications for treatment are discussed in view of what has already been learned and what we need to know.

scholarly journals Seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. CHEW ◽  
S. DORAISINGHAM ◽  
A. E. LING ◽  
G. KUMARASINGHE ◽  
B. W. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Viral Respiratory

To evaluate the seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in a tropical environment, a retrospective survey of laboratory virus isolation, serology and immunofluorescence microscopy in two large general hospitals in Singapore between September 1990 and September 1994 was carried out. Respiratory tract viral outbreaks, particularly among infants who required hospitalization, were found to be associated mainly with respiratory syncytial (RSV) infections (72%), influenza (11%) and parainfluenza viruses (11%). Consistent seasonal variations in viral infections were observed only with RSV (March–August) and influenza A virus (peaks in June, December–January). The RSV trends were associated with higher environmental temperature, lower relative humidity and higher maximal day-to-day temperature variation. Although the influenza A outbreaks were not associated with meteorological factors, influenza B isolates were positively associated with rainfall. These data support the existence of seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics.

scholarly journals Features of clinical manifestations and complications of acute respiratory infections in children

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
E. Р. Merkulova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Paediatric Practice ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

The article presents data on the prevalence of upper respiratory tract infections in paediatric practice. The following complications may pose health risks: sinusitis, acute suppurative otitis media and chronic tonsillitis. The authors provide statistical data on the prevalence of these complications, a multivariate analysis of the clinical symptoms of the diseases, the main symptoms of which are temperature reaction, leucocytosis, regenerative left shift, increased ESR. Special attention is paid to the choice of antipyretic agents that affect not only the fever, but also the inflammatory reaction of the upper respiratory tract mucosa, which may quickly ease the symptoms of the disease.

scholarly journals 240. Reduction of antibiotic use in children admitted with viral respiratory tract infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S120-S120
Author(s):  
Ankhi Dutta ◽  
Huay-Ying Lo ◽  
Amrita Singh ◽  
Samrah Mobeen ◽  
Kelli Kulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background Viral respiratory tract infections (VRTI) accounts for a significant proportion of hospitalized children and contributes to a substantial use of health care resources and costs. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends against using antibiotics in uncomplicated viral respiratory infections in children. Overuse of antibiotics ranges between 29–80%. The goal of an Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) is to decrease antibiotic misuse, lower costs, and prevent emergence of antibiotic resistance in the community. Proportion of children with Viral respiratory tract infections on antibiotics Methods Our smart aim was to reduce antibiotic use by 25% in admitted children with VRTI between October 2019-March 2020. Our outcome measure was to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use during the 2019–20 season by 25%. Process measures included percentage of antibiotic used in viral RTI, antibiotic days of therapy and appropriate audit-feedback from the ASP team to facilitate discontinuation or de-escalation of antibiotics based on culture data. Our balance measure included readmission rates in patients in whom antibiotics were discontinued or de-escalated. Several PDSA cycles implemented with predominant emphasis on communication between ASP team and primary providers. Results No differences were noted in patient demographics including sex, age, ethnicity between the viral season in 2018–19 and 2019–2020. In our previous study in 2018–2019 RSV season, there was 40.7% antibiotic use in patients admitted with RSV bronchiolitis. In 2019–2020 season we included all patients admitted with viral RTI. Of the 213 patients evaluated between October 2019 through Dec 2020, 40% of the patients received antibiotics. 100% of the antibiotics were justified, based on independent review of antibiotic data by the team. Most common cause of antibiotics were community acquired pneumonia, rule out sepsis and otitis media. Antibiotic discontinuation and de-escalation were achieved in over 90% of the justified antibiotics. Conclusion Though antibiotic usage was still at 40% at our institution, 100% of antibiotic use was deemed appropriate and significant proportion were discontinued or deescalated by the ASP team. The ASP team played a crucial role in communicating with the primary providers to advocate for appropriate antibiotic use in the children. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l5021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah H Nam ◽  
Michael G Ison
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) belongs to the recently defined Pneumoviridae family, Orthopneumovirus genus. It is a negative sense, single stranded RNA virus that results in epidemics of respiratory infections that typically peak in the winter in temperate climates and during the rainy season in tropical climates. Generally, one of the two genotypes (A and B) predominates in a single season, alternating annually, although regional variation occurs. RSV is a cause of disease and death in children, older people, and immunocompromised patients, and its clinical effect on adults admitted to hospital is clarified with expanded use of multiplex molecular assays. Among adults, RSV produces a wide range of clinical symptoms including upper respiratory tract infections, severe lower respiratory tract infections, and exacerbations of underlying disease. Here we discuss the latest evidence on the burden of RSV related disease in adults, especially in those with immunocompromise or other comorbidities. We review current therapeutic and prevention options, as well as those in development.

scholarly journals Human Neutrophil Lipocalin in Activated Whole Blood Is a Specific and Rapid Diagnostic Biomarker of Bacterial Infections in the Respiratory Tract

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Venge ◽  
Ann-Katrin Eriksson ◽  
Lena Douhan-Håkansson ◽  
Karlis Pauksen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Human Neutrophil ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT The distinction between bacterial and viral causes of infections of the respiratory tract is a major but important clinical challenge. We investigated the diagnostic performance of human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) in respiratory tract infections compared to those of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). Patients were recruited from the emergency department and from a primary care unit (n = 162). The clinical diagnosis with regard to bacterial or viral cause of infection was complemented with objective microbiological/serological testing. HNL was measured in whole blood after preactivation with the neutrophil activator formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP) (B-HNL), and CRP and PCT were measured in plasma. Head-to-head comparisons of the three biomarkers showed that B-HNL was a superior diagnostic means to distinguish between causes of infections, with areas under the concentration-time curve (AUCs) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for HNL of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.96) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.97) for all respiratory infections and for upper respiratory infections, respectively, compared to 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.80) and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.79) for CRP, respectively (P = 0.001). In relation to major clinical symptoms of respiratory tract infections (cough, sore throat, stuffy nose, and signs of sinusitis), AUCs varied between 0.88 and 0.93 in those patients with likely etiology (i.e., etiology is likely determined) of infection, compared to 0.63 and 0.71 for CRP, respectively, and nonsignificant AUCs for PCT. The diagnostic performance of B-HNL is superior to that of plasma CRP (P-CRP) and plasma PCT (P-PCT) in respiratory tract infections, and the activity specifically reflects bacterial challenge in the body. The rapid and accurate analysis of HNL by point-of-care technologies should be a major advancement in the diagnosis and management of respiratory infections with respect to antibiotic treatment.

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