scholarly journals Environmental contamination with phthalates and its impact on living organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina A. Przybylińska ◽  
Mirosław Wyszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Phthalate Exposure ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract The relevant literature was reviewed to identify phthalate sources in the environment and problems resulting from phthalate contamination of soil and water. Phthalate properties responsible for their toxicity for living organisms were identified, and the effects of phthalates on humans and animals were described. Special emphasis was placed on the effects of exposure to phthalates on human health. Phthalates are readily released into the environment and create a risk of exposure for humans and other living organisms. They are characterized by reproductive toxicity in humans and animals, they can cause infertility and reproductive problems in males. Phthalates are more toxic in young children, which are much more susceptible to phthalate exposure, including fetal life. Phthalates are used in numerous industries, and they are very difficult to eliminate from our daily surroundings.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticle’s Toxicological Effects and Phytoremediation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ihtisham ◽  
Azam Noori ◽  
Saurabh Yadav ◽  
Mohammad Sarraf ◽  
Pragati Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Soil And Water

The advancement in nanotechnology has brought numerous benefits for humans in diverse areas including industry, medicine, and agriculture. The demand in the application of nanomaterials can result in the release of these anthropogenic materials into soil and water that can potentially harm the environment by affecting water and soil properties (e.g., soil texture, pH, organic matter, and water content), plants, animals, and subsequently human health. The properties of nanoparticles including their size, surface area, and reactivity affect their fate in the environment and can potentially result in their toxicological effects in the ecosystem and on living organisms. There is extensive research on the application of nano-based materials and the consequences of their release into the environment. However, there is little information about environmentally friendly approaches for removing nanomaterials from the environment. This article provides insight into the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as one of the most commonly used nanomaterials, their toxicological effects, their impacts on plants and microorganisms, and briefly reviews the possibility of remediation of these metabolites using phytotechnology approaches. This article provides invaluable information to better understand the fate of nanomaterials in the environment and strategies in removing them from the environment.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Mercury Exposure Assessment in the Brandt's Hedgehog (Paraechinus Hypomelas): Spines As Indicators of Endogenous Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Dahmardeh behrooz ◽  
Giulia Poma ◽  
Mandana Barghi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Concern ◽  
Total Hg ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Due to its persistence, bioaccumulation characteristics and toxicity, environmental contamination with mercury (Hg) is of high concern for human health, living organisms and ecosystems, and its biological monitoring is highly relevant. In this study, the levels of total Hg were measured in organs, tissues and spines of 50 individuals of Brandt's hedgehog collected in Iran in 2019. The Hg median levels in kidneys, liver, muscle, and spines were 156, 47, 47 and 20 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the levels of Hg in kidneys and liver (r = 0.519; p < 0.01) and in spines and muscle (r = 0.337, p < 0.01) and kidneys (r = 0.309, p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in Hg levels in organs and tissues were also observed depending on the sex, weight, length, and age of the individuals. In addition, the median levels of total Hg in kidneys of Brandt's hedgehogs from an agricultural ecotype were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those collected from a forest ecotype, suggesting that the habitat could have a significant impact on animal contamination.

scholarly journals Estimating Environmental Contamination and Element Deposition at an Urban Area of Central Italy

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Loppi ◽  
Adelmo Corsini ◽  
Luca Paoli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Economic Constraints

Air quality monitoring in many urban areas is based on sophisticated and costly equipment to check for the respect of environmental quality standards, but capillary monitoring is often not feasible due to economic constraints. In such cases, the use of living organisms may be very useful to complement the sparse data obtained by physico-chemical measurements. In this study, the bioaccumulation of selected trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Ce, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Zn) in lichen samples (Evernia prunastri) transplanted for three months at an urban area of Central Italy was investigated to assess the main environmental contaminants, their sources, and the fluxes of element depositions. The results pinpointed Cu and Sb as the main contaminants and suggested a common origin for these two elements from non-exhaust sources of vehicular traffic, such as brake abrasion. Most study sites were, however, found to be subjected to low or moderate environmental contamination, and the lowest contamination corresponded to the main green areas, confirming the important protective role of urban forests against air pollution. Ranges of estimated mean annual element deposition rates in the study area were similar or lower than those reported for other urban areas.

Thiol-mediated etching of gold nanorods as a neoteric strategy for room-temperature and multicolor detection of nitrite and nitrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Sepahvand ◽  
Forough Ghasemi ◽  
Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Living Organisms

The excessive presence of nitrite and nitrate in the environmental matrixes has raised concerns among the scientific communities due to their negative impacts on human health and living organisms. Considering...

Involving Fathers in Head Start: A Framework for Public Policy and Program Development

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Head Start ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Program Development ◽  
Human Services ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Health And Human Services ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Successful Program

Twenty-five years after the founding of Head Start, the nation's most politically successful program for young children has discovered men. The Department of Health and Human Services is using Head Start as the center' piece of its “male initiative” to increase the involvement of fathers and other males in the lives of young children. This review, synthesizing relevant literature on child development, parent involvement, and service delivery, offers a set of guidelines that policymakers can use to increase the likelihood that male initiatives at the national or local level will be politically as well as programmatically successful.

scholarly journals A review: Analytical methods for heavy metals determination in environment and human samples

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Arjomandi ◽  
*Hamid Shirkhanloo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Soil And Water

Heavy metals are vital and necessary in our daily lives. Moreover, if the amounts of heavy metals are more than the acceptable amounts (mentioned by WHO) in soil, water, and air, indeed, they cause a lot of diseases in human bodies. Therefore, monitoring and measuring the amounts of heavy metals that are arduous and difficult are so important. In this review paper, a lot of studies that have been carried out on the determination and quantification of heavy metals in human bodies, soil, and water are considered. Moreover, the effect of toxicity of each heavy metal on human health is assessed. According to WHO, EPA, NIOSH, ACGIH, and clinical chemistry, the determination of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu, Mn is very important in the human body and Environmental matrixes. 

scholarly journals Concise Review of Nickel Human Health Toxicology and Ecotoxicology

Inorganics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Buxton ◽  
Emily Garman ◽  
Katherine E. Heim ◽  
Tara Lyons-Darden ◽  
Christian E. Schlekat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Metal Mixtures ◽  
Respiratory Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Events ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Effects

Nickel (Ni) metal and Ni compounds are widely used in applications like stainless steel, alloys, and batteries. Nickel is a naturally occurring element in water, soil, air, and living organisms, and is essential to microorganisms and plants. Thus, human and environmental nickel exposures are ubiquitous. Production and use of nickel and its compounds can, however, result in additional exposures to humans and the environment. Notable human health toxicity effects identified from human and/or animal studies include respiratory cancer, non-cancer toxicity effects following inhalation, dermatitis, and reproductive effects. These effects have thresholds, with indirect genotoxic and epigenetic events underlying the threshold mode of action for nickel carcinogenicity. Differences in human toxicity potencies/potentials of different nickel chemical forms are correlated with the bioavailability of the Ni2+ ion at target sites. Likewise, Ni2+ has been demonstrated to be the toxic chemical species in the environment, and models have been developed that account for the influence of abiotic factors on the bioavailability and toxicity of Ni2+ in different habitats. Emerging issues regarding the toxicity of nickel nanoforms and metal mixtures are briefly discussed. This review is unique in its covering of both human and environmental nickel toxicity data.

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