scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticle’s Toxicological Effects and Phytoremediation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ihtisham ◽  
Azam Noori ◽  
Saurabh Yadav ◽  
Mohammad Sarraf ◽  
Pragati Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Soil And Water

The advancement in nanotechnology has brought numerous benefits for humans in diverse areas including industry, medicine, and agriculture. The demand in the application of nanomaterials can result in the release of these anthropogenic materials into soil and water that can potentially harm the environment by affecting water and soil properties (e.g., soil texture, pH, organic matter, and water content), plants, animals, and subsequently human health. The properties of nanoparticles including their size, surface area, and reactivity affect their fate in the environment and can potentially result in their toxicological effects in the ecosystem and on living organisms. There is extensive research on the application of nano-based materials and the consequences of their release into the environment. However, there is little information about environmentally friendly approaches for removing nanomaterials from the environment. This article provides insight into the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as one of the most commonly used nanomaterials, their toxicological effects, their impacts on plants and microorganisms, and briefly reviews the possibility of remediation of these metabolites using phytotechnology approaches. This article provides invaluable information to better understand the fate of nanomaterials in the environment and strategies in removing them from the environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Model to Accurately Monitor Soil Water Content

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3441
Author(s):  
Jingyu Ji ◽  
Junzeng Xu ◽  
Yixin Xiao ◽  
Yajun Luan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Improved Model

The accurate monitoring of soil water content during the growth of crops is of great importance to improve agricultural water use efficiency. The Campbell model is one of the most widely used models for monitoring soil moisture content from soil thermal conductivities in farmland, which always needs to be calibrated due to the lack of adequate original data and the limitation of measurement methods. To precisely predict the water content of complex soils using the Campbell model, this model was evaluated by investigating several factors, including soil texture, bulk density and organic matter. The comparison of the R2 and the reduced Chi-Sqr values, which were calculated by Origin, was conducted to calibrate the Campbell model calculated. In addition, combining factors of parameters, a new parameter named m related to soil texture and the organic matter was firstly introduced and the original fitting parameter, E, was improved to an expression related to clay fraction and the organic matter content in the improved model. The soil data collected from both the laboratory and the previous literature were used to assess the revised model. The results show that most of the R2 values of the improved model are >0.95, and the reduced Chi-Sqr values are <0.01, which presents a better matching performance compared to the original. It is concluded that the improved model provides more accurate monitoring of soil water content for water irrigation management.

Evaluation of some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato field at different moisture regimes in South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Ogundipe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Tomato Field

Soil properties are important to the development of agricultural crops. This study determined some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) field at different moisture regime in South-Western Nigeria. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design with frequency and depth of irrigation application as the main plot and sub-plot, respectively in three replicates. Three frequencies (7, 5 and 3 days) and three depths equivalent to 100, 75 and 50% of water requirement were used. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers for the determination of some soil properties (soil texture, organic matter content, bulk density, infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity) were determined using standard formulae. Soil Water Content (SWC) monitoring was conducted every two days using a gravimetric technique. The soil texture was sandy loam for all the soil depths; average value of soil organic matter was highest (1.8%) in the 0-5 cm surface layer and decreased with soil depth; the soil bulk density value before and after irrigation experiment ranged from 1.48 and 1.73 g/cm3 and 1.5 and 1.76 g/cm3, respectively; there was a rapid reduction in the initial infiltration and final infiltration rate. Saturated hydraulic conductivity show similar trend although the 20-30 cm layer had the lowest value (50.84 mm/h); the SWC affect bulk density during the growing season. The study showed that soil properties especially bulk density and organic matter content affect irrigation water movement at different depth..

Stability and dissolution of silver nanoparticles in sediment-laden water: Influence of suspended sediment and associated dissolved organic matter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Physicochemical Transformation ◽  
Effect Mechanism ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Insight Into

&lt;p&gt;The released silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) will inevitably interact with suspended sediment (SS), because of the ubiquity and abundance of SS in aquatic systems. However, the effect mechanism of SS on the transformation of AgNPs remains unknown and unpredictable. This research investigated the effect of SS on the aggregation, settling, and dissolution of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated (PVP) AgNPs under environmentally diverse salinity conditions. By determining the morphology of AgNP&amp;#8211;SS heteroaggregates and using the DLVO analysis, we revealed that the heteroaggregation between AgNPs and SS was dependent on ionic strength. The formation of AgNP-SS heteroaggregates eventually lead to the rapid settling of AgNPs. Besides, the interactions of sediment-associated dissolved organic matter (SS-DOM) with AgNPs interfered the dissolution of AgNPs under different NaCl concentrations.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;The fate (i.e., aggregation, dissolution and settling) of AgNP in sediment-laden water has been found to be strongly dependent on the presence of SS, SS-DOM and ionic strength. This work provides novel insight into the interaction between suspended particulate matter and AgNPs as well as its effect on AgNP physicochemical transformation in aquatic environment.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Environmental contamination with phthalates and its impact on living organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina A. Przybylińska ◽  
Mirosław Wyszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Phthalate Exposure ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract The relevant literature was reviewed to identify phthalate sources in the environment and problems resulting from phthalate contamination of soil and water. Phthalate properties responsible for their toxicity for living organisms were identified, and the effects of phthalates on humans and animals were described. Special emphasis was placed on the effects of exposure to phthalates on human health. Phthalates are readily released into the environment and create a risk of exposure for humans and other living organisms. They are characterized by reproductive toxicity in humans and animals, they can cause infertility and reproductive problems in males. Phthalates are more toxic in young children, which are much more susceptible to phthalate exposure, including fetal life. Phthalates are used in numerous industries, and they are very difficult to eliminate from our daily surroundings.

Threshold water content beyond which hydrophobic soils become hydrophilic: The role of soil texture and organic matter content

Geoderma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 209-210 ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Vogelmann ◽  
J.M. Reichert ◽  
J. Prevedello ◽  
C.O.B. Consensa ◽  
A.É. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content

Adsorption and Mobility of Metribuzin in Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Relative Mobility ◽  
Competitive Effect ◽  
Sorption Equilibria

The sorption equilibria and relative mobility of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] were evaluated on 16 soils from the lower alluvial flood plain of the Mississippi River as a function of soil properties. Metribuzin sorption and mobility were significantly correlated with each other and both parameters were significantly associated with clay content, organic matter, and water content at 0, 0.33 field capacity (FC), and 15 bars tension. Prediction equations for adsorption (K1= −1.10 + 0.08 FC) and mobility (Rf= 0.81 − 0.015 FC) indices were developed based on water content at 0.33 bar tension (FC). A competitive effect was observed between the combination of various levels of clay and organic matter as related to metribuzin adsorption.

scholarly journals ROOT DISTRIBUTION OF PECAN TREES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 667c-667
Author(s):  
Jesus Nunez-Moreno ◽  
Jaime Uvalle-Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Flood Irrigation

This study was conducted to know the root distribution and the effect of soil properties on root number of adult pecan trees. Two pecan trees planted to 10×10 m were selected in four orchards. Different soil conditions were present among orchards. In each tree, five trenchs were dug to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m from the trunk. Root number were calculated at 30 cm increments down to 2.4 m soil depth, in each soil profile. A soil sample was taken to determine soil properties. Then the root number were correlated to the distance of the trunk, depth and soil properties. Fifty percent of roots were present in the upper layer of 90 cm. Under flood irrigation system the roots were dispersed in all space between rows and trees. The correlation coefficients (r) were significants to soil texture, organic matter (OM), pH, bulk density (BD) and micronutrient content (Cu, Fe and Mn). The r values calculated were: sand, -0.311; pH, -0.334; BD, -0.174; Clay, 0.343; silt, 0.174; OM, 0.174; Cu, 0.334; Fe, 0.114; and Mn, 0.176.

scholarly journals The Soil Organic Matter in Connection with Soil Properties and Soil Inputs

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Václav Voltr ◽  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Martin Hruška ◽  
Eduard Pokorný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Linear Regression Models

The content of organic matter in the soil, its labile (hot water extractable carbon–HWEC) and stable (soil organic carbon–SOC) form is a fundamental factor affecting soil productivity and health. The current research in soil organic matter (SOM) is focused on individual fragmented approaches and comprehensive evaluation of HWEC and SOC changes. The present state of the soil together with soil’s management practices are usually monitoring today but there has not been any common model for both that has been published. Our approach should help to assess the changes in HWEC and SOC content depending on the physico-chemical properties and soil´s management practices (e.g., digestate application, livestock and mineral fertilisers, post-harvest residues, etc.). The one- and multidimensional linear regressions were used. Data were obtained from the various soil´s climatic conditions (68 localities) of the Czech Republic. The Czech farms in operating conditions were observed during the period 2008–2018. The obtained results of ll monitored experimental sites showed increasing in the SOC content, while the HWEC content has decreased. Furthermore, a decline in pH and soil´s saturation was documented by regression modelling. Mainly digestate application was responsible for this negative consequence across all soils in studied climatic regions. The multivariate linear regression models (MLR) also showed that HWEC content is significantly affected by natural soil fertility (soil type), phosphorus content (−30%), digestate application (+29%), saturation of the soil sorption complex (SEBCT, 21%) and the dose of total nitrogen (N) applied into the soil (−20%). Here we report that the labile forms (HWEC) are affected by the application of digestate (15%), the soil saturation (37%), the application of mineral potassium (−7%), soil pH (−14%) and the overall condition of the soil (−27%). The stable components (SOM) are affected by the content of HWEC (17%), soil texture 0.01–0.001mm (10%), and input of organic matter and nutrients from animal production (10%). Results also showed that the mineral fertilization has a negative effect (−14%), together with the soil depth (−11%), and the soil texture 0.25–2 mm (−21%) on SOM. Using modern statistical procedures (MRLs) it was confirmed that SOM plays an important role in maintaining resp. improving soil physical, biochemical and biological properties, which is particularly important to ensure the productivity of agroecosystems (soil quality and health) and to future food security.

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