Ammonia Leaching of Zinc from Low-grade Oxide Zinc Ores Using the Enhancement of the Microwave Irradiation

AbstractIrradiated roast treatment and the ammonia leaching processing were conducted to deal with the low-grade oxide zinc ores. The ZnCO3phase was hard to be attended, which was the reason for the low leaching rate of the complicated zinc ores. The mineral phase transformation of the ZnCO3phase was generated after the ores irradiated in the microwave at the temperature of 673 K. The irradiated ores generated more small particles, it was the reason that the leaching rate of the complicated zinc ores was increased. When the leaching processing of the irradiated roasted ores was conducted under the conditions of the total ammonia concentration of 6 mol/L, the liquid to solid phase ratio of 11:1, the leaching temperature of 298 K, the leaching time of 150 min and the stirring speed of 400 rpm, 88.3 % of zinc could be achieved, which was the maximum leaching rate of the irradiated ores.

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Impacts of ultrasound on leaching recovery of zinc from low grade zinc oxide ore

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2015-0036 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Shiwei Li ◽

Weiheng Chen ◽

Shaohua Yin ◽

Aiyuan Ma ◽

Kun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Low Grade ◽

Total Ammonia ◽

Ammonia Leaching

AbstractOn the basis of an experiment on ultrasonic enhanced ammonia leaching of low grade zinc oxide ores, the effects of the total ammonia concentration, the ratio between the NH

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Recovery of Metal Values from Low-Grade Heterogenite with Reductive Ammonia Leaching Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.910.110 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 910 ◽

pp. 110-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bin Yang ◽

Min Guang Fan ◽

Lin Yan Li ◽

Bin Li ◽

Sheng Ming Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Concentration Ratio ◽

Low Grade ◽

Leaching Rate ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Ammonia Leaching

Reductive ammonia leaching method was used to recover Cu and Co from heterogenite. The influences of the reductant quantity, leaching temperature, the concentration ratio of NH3to (NH4)2SO4, leaching time and liquid-solid (L/S) ratio on leaching rate of cobalt and copper were investigated. The optimal conditions at which the leaching rate of copper and cobalt were 96.07%, 98.24% respectively and that of Fe, Mg and Al were almost 0 were as follows: time = 5 h, T = 50°C, the amount of ammonia is 1.2 times of theorrtical, C(NH3):C [(NH4)2SO4] =1:3, L/S ratio = 3:1, and the dosage of Na2SO3is 0.5 times of the heterogenites mass.

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Ammonia Leaching Study on Carbonate Oxidised Copper Ores in Yunnan

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.644 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 723 ◽

pp. 644-647

Author(s):

Ke Jun Bi ◽

Jian Jun Fang ◽

Tai Guo Jiang ◽

Guo Dong Li

Keyword(s):

Yunnan Province ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Leaching Rate ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Copper Leaching ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

Ammonia Leaching ◽

Copper Ores ◽

Validation Experiments

The effects of oxidized copper ores which came from Yunnan province were carried out by using ammonialeaching methods in the laboratory.In order to seek the optimum leaching conditions under normal temperature and pressure,we conducted a series of validation experiments. Theoptimum conditions were obtained as follows: ammonia concentration 2.5mol/L, ammonium sulfateconcentration 2.5mol/L,grinding fineness about 80% -0.074mm, liquid-solid ratio 2.5:1and leaching time was 2.5h. Under these experimental conditions, the copper leaching rate could reach 69.91%.

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Influence of Important Factors on Ammonia Leaching of Alkaline Zinc Oxide Mineral

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.1076 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 785-786 ◽

pp. 1076-1080

Author(s):

Xiao Dong Jia ◽

Zhi Cong Wei ◽

Dian Wen Liu ◽

Jing Jie Yuan

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽

Leaching Rate ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Oxide Mineral ◽

Ammonia Leaching

The effects of refractory zinc oxide ore which came from Lanping of Yunnan Province were studied using agitation leach method in laboratory in order to find out the optimum leaching conditions. The optimum conditions obtained are as follows: ammonia concentration 3mol/L, ammonium bicarbonate 1.5mol/L, granularity (-0.074mm) about 85%, solid to liquid ratio 4:1, and leaching time 2h. On this condition, the test obtained the better index of the zinc leaching rate 74.4%.

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Study on Adding Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride to Improve Manganese Leaching Efficiency of Ammonia Leaching Low-Grade Rhodochrosite

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11091496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1496

Author(s):

Peng Yang ◽

Xiaoping Liang ◽

Chengbo Wu ◽

Tengfei Cui ◽

Yu Wang

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Hydrogen Fluoride ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Low Grade ◽

Optimal Process ◽

Ammonium Hydrogen ◽

Ammonia Leaching ◽

Leaching Efficiency

The ammonia leaching method for treating low-grade rhodochrosite has the advantages of a good impurity removal effect and low environmental pollution. In this paper, aiming at the low leaching efficiency of low-grade rhodochrosite treated by the ammonia leaching method, studies on enhancing the leaching efficiency of manganese by using ammonium hydrogen fluoride as an additive are carried out. The effects of different ammonia concentrations, leaching temperatures, leaching times, liquid-solid ratios, stirring rates, and the addition of ammonium hydrogen fluoride on the leaching efficiency of manganese with and without ammonium hydrogen fluoride as an additive were comparatively studied, and the parameters of ammonia concentration, ammonia leaching temperature, and ammonium hydrogen fluoride dosage were optimized in the experimental study. The results indicated that ammonium hydrogen fluoride as an additive in the treatment of low-grade rhodochrosite by the ammonia leaching method could effectively increase the leaching efficiency of manganese, and the optimal process parameters were obtained. Meanwhile, the addition of ammonium hydrogen fluoride didn’t affect the quality of the steamed ammonia product.

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Polymer-Bound Triphenylphosphine and 4,4′-Dinitroazobenzene as a Coupling Reagents for Chromatography-Free Esterification Reaction

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179416666190919152424 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1024-1031

Author(s):

Diparjun Das ◽

Kalyani Rajkumari ◽

Lalthazuala Rokhum

Keyword(s):

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Reaction System ◽

Triphenylphosphine Oxide ◽

High Yield ◽

Sustainable Chemistry ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Coupling Reagent ◽

Simple Filtration ◽

Esterification Reactions

Aim and Objective: Sustainable production of fine chemicals both in industries and pharmaceuticals heavily depends on the application of solid-phase synthesis route coupled with microwave technologies due to their environmentally benign nature. In this report, a microwave-assisted esterification reaction using polymer-bound triphenylphosphine and 4,4′-dinitroazobenzene reagent system was investigated. Materials and Methods: The solvents were obtained from Merck India. Polymer-bound triphenylphosphine (~3 mmol triphenylphosphine moiety/g) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. The progress of the reaction was observed by thin-layer chromatography. All the reactions were performed in Milestones StartSYNTH microwave. The NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance III 300, 400, and 500 MHz FT NMR Spectrometers. Using azo compound and polymer-bound triphenyl phosphine as a coupling reagent, esterification of different carboxylic acids with alcohols was performed under microwave irradiation. Results: Esterification of benzoic acid with 1-propanol under microwave irradiation gave a high yield of 92% propyl benzoate in 60 minutes only. Isolation of the ester products was relatively simple as both the byproducts polymer-bound triphenylphosphine oxide and hydrazine could be removed by simple filtration. The rates of reactions were found to be directly proportional to the pKa of the benzoic acids. Conclusion: 4,4′-Dinitroazobenzene was introduced as a novel coupling reagent, in conjugation with polymer-bound triphenylphosphine, for esterification reactions under microwave irradiation. The low moisture sensitivity of the reaction system, easy separation of the byproducts, and column chromatographyfree isolation of esters help our methods with application significance, particularly from the ‘Sustainable Chemistry’ perspective.

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Heat capacities and enthalpies of fusion and transformation for solvates of some salts with dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19883072 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 3072-3079

Author(s):

Mojmír Skokánek ◽

Ivo Sláma

Keyword(s):

Heat Capacity ◽

Phase Transformation ◽

Phase Transformations ◽

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Liquidus Temperature ◽

Molar Heat Capacity ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Zinc Nitrate ◽

Heat Capacities ◽

Liquid Phases

Molar heat capacities and molar enthalpies of fusion of the solvates Zn(NO3)2 . 2·24 DMSO, Zn(NO3)2 . 8·11 DMSO, Zn(NO3)2 . 6 DMSO, NaNO3 . 2·85 DMSO, and AgNO3 . DMF, where DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide and DMF is dimethylformamide, have been determined over the temperature range 240 to 400 K. Endothermic peaks found for the zinc nitrate solvates below the liquidus temperature have been ascribed to solid phase transformations. The molar enthalpies of the solid phase transformations are close to 5 kJ mol-1 for all zinc nitrate solvates investigated. The dependence of the molar heat capacity on the temperature outside the phase transformation region can be described by a linear equation for both the solid and liquid phases.

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Synthesis of 1,2-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxymethyl)benzene and binuclear zinc phthalocyanines of clamshell and ball types

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines ◽

10.1142/s1088424603000227 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

pp. 162-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Alexander Yu. Tolbin ◽

Alexey V. Ivanov ◽

Larisa G. Tomilova ◽

Nikolai S. Zefirov

Keyword(s):

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Zinc Acetate ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Large Excess ◽

Type Reaction ◽

Zinc Phthalocyanines

A novel 1,2-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxymethyl)benzene was synthesized from 1,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl)benzene and 4-nitrophthalodinitrile. Its condensation with 4-tert-butylphthalodinitrile results in a binuclear phthalocyanine of clamshell type. Reaction of bisphthalodinitrile with a large excess of zinc acetate gives rise to a binuclear phthalocyanine of ball type (33% yield). The successful syntheses of these binuclear phthalocyanines were carried out by microwave irradiation and solid phase methods.

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Intercalated cell-specific Rh B glycoprotein deletion diminishes renal ammonia excretion response to hypokalemia

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00301.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (4) ◽

pp. F422-F431 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jesse M. Bishop ◽

Hyun-Wook Lee ◽

Mary E. Handlogten ◽

Ki-Hwan Han ◽

Jill W. Verlander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Acidosis ◽

Collecting Duct ◽

Ammonia Excretion ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Intercalated Cells ◽

Cortical Collecting Duct ◽

Intercalated Cell ◽

Transporter Family ◽

Total Ammonia ◽

Normal Increase

The ammonia transporter family member, Rh B Glycoprotein (Rhbg), is an ammonia-specific transporter heavily expressed in the kidney and is necessary for the normal increase in ammonia excretion in response to metabolic acidosis. Hypokalemia is a common clinical condition in which there is increased renal ammonia excretion despite the absence of metabolic acidosis. The purpose of this study was to examine Rhbg's role in this response through the use of mice with intercalated cell-specific Rhbg deletion (IC-Rhbg-KO). Hypokalemia induced by feeding a K+-free diet increased urinary ammonia excretion significantly. In mice with intact Rhbg expression, hypokalemia increased Rhbg protein expression in intercalated cells in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) and in the outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD). Deletion of Rhbg from intercalated cells inhibited hypokalemia-induced changes in urinary total ammonia excretion significantly and completely prevented hypokalemia-induced increases in urinary ammonia concentration, but did not alter urinary pH. We conclude that hypokalemia increases Rhbg expression in intercalated cells in the cortex and outer medulla and that intercalated cell Rhbg expression is necessary for the normal increase in renal ammonia excretion in response to hypokalemia.

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