The Clergy Work Orientation in Transition: An Analysis of the Structure and Change in Work Orientation Among the Finnish Lutheran Clergy

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-241
Author(s):  
Kati Tervo-Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Work Orientation ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Theological Orientation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Church Work

Abstract The article focuses on the work orientation and changes therein among the clergy in Finland, and on its implications for practical church work. The article is based on a survey conducted among the clergy in Finland (N=878). The research shows that clergy make distinctions between various work tasks that are in line with the traditional distinction between “function” and “performance”. The results show that liberal theological orientation, which is linked to performance-orientation, is increasing. The aspects of work which seem to be most threatened are evangelization, missionary work, and reading and teaching the Bible. There are also many areas of work that are likely to remain stable and unite the clergy regardless of their gender, age or theological orientation.

Board Effectiveness: An Evaluation based on Corporate Governance Score

Think India ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Hitesh Shukla ◽  
Nailesh Limbasiya
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanism ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ethical Governance

Growth, progress, and prosperity of any country depend highly on the corporate governance mechanism of that country. Good governance of a country helps it to sustainable growth and consistency in progress. The good governance should contribute towards the improvement in transparency, ethics, morality, and disclosure. The principles of good governance stand on honesty, trust, integrity, openness, and performance orientation. Our honorable Prime Minister Narendra bhai Modi had given the three E for good governance during his speech on Independence Day i.e. Effective Governance, Electronic Governance, and Ethical Governance. The fundamental concern of corporate governance mechanism is to ensure the protection of minority shareholders/owners of specific firms. Mechanism of a corporate governance specifies the relations among the shareholders, board of directors, and managers. The present paper is an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the board by calculating the corporate governance score. The mandatory and non-mandatory guidelines have been considered while assigning points to specific parameters of the corporate governance.

Reviews: History and the Media, Writing Biography: Historians and Their Craft, Selected Writings: Volume 4, 1938–1940, Benjamin Now: Critical Encounters with ‘The Arcades Project’, Illustrating the Past in Early Modern England: The Representation of History in Printed Books, Shakespeare's Culture in Modern Performance, Shakespeare's Early History Plays: From Chronicle to Stage, Secret Shakespeare, Theatre and Religion: Lancastrian Shakespeare, Language and Politics in the Sixteenth-Century History Play, the Bible in English: Its History and Influence, John Selden: Measures of the Holy Commonwealth in Seventeenth-Century England, William Blake and the Impossible History of the 1790s, William Blake's Comic Vision, Rural Englands: Labouring Lives in the Nineteenth Century, Victorian Shakespeare, 2 Vols, Vol. 1, Theatre, Drama and Performance; Vol. 2, Literature and Culture, Consumerism and American Girls' Literature, 1860–1940, Twentieth-Century Writing and the British Working Class, Psychoanalysis, Psychiatry and Modernist Literature, Postcolonial Animal Tale from Kipling to Coetzee, Shakespeare and the American NationCannadineDavid (ed.), History and the Media , Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. vii + 175, £19.99.AmbrosiusLloyd E. (ed.), Writing Biography: Historians and their craft , University of Nebraska Press, 2004, pp. xiii + 166, £34.50.BenjaminWalter, Selected Writings: Volume 4, 1938–1940 , trans. JephcottEdmund, ed. EilandHoward and JenningsMichael W., Harvard University Press, 2003, pp. vi + 477, £26.50McLaughlinKevin and RosenPhilip (eds), Benjamin Now: Critical Encounters with ‘The Arcades Project‘ , Duke University Press, 2003, pp. 219, £10.50.KnappJames A., Illustrating the Past in Early Modern England: The Representation of History in Printed Books , Ashgate Publishing, 2003, pp. xvi + 274, £35.JonesMaria, Shakespeare's Culture in Modern Performance , Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. xii + 213, £45.Goy-BlanquetDominque, Shakespeare's Early History Plays: From Chronicle to Stage , Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. viii + 312, £63.WilsonRichard, Secret Shakespeare , Manchester University Press, 2004, pp. viii + 26, £15.99 pbDuttonRichard, FindlayAlison and WilsonRichard (eds), Theatre and Religion: Lancastrian Shakespeare , Manchester University Press, 2003, pp. xii + 267, £16.99 pb.CavanaghDermot, Language and Politics in the Sixteenth-Century History Play , Early Modern Literature in History, Palgrave, 2003, pp. x + 197, £45.DaniellDavid, The Bible in English: Its History and Influence , Yale University Press, 2003, pp. xx + 900. £29.95.BarbourReid, John Selden: Measures of the Holy Commonwealth in Seventeenth-Century England , University of Toronto Press, 2003, pp. x + 417, £42.MakdisiSaree, William Blake and the Impossible History of the 1790s , University of Chicago Press, 2003, pp. xviii + 394, $22 pbRawlinsonNick, William Blake's Comic Vision , Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. xiv + 292, £42.50.ReayBarry, Rural Englands: Labouring Lives in the Nineteenth Century , Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, 25 illustrations, 7 figs., pp. x + 274, £16.99 pb.MarshallGail and PooleAdrian (eds), Victorian Shakespeare , 2 vols, Vol. 1, Theatre, Drama and Performance; Vol. 2, Literature and Culture , Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. xv + 213 and pp. xiv + 228, £90.StoneleyPeter, Consumerism and American Girls' Literature, 1860–1940 , Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. x +167, £40.KirkJohn, Twentieth-Century Writing and the British Working Class , University of Wales Press, 2003, pp. 224, £35.ValentineKylie, Psychoanalysis, Psychiatry and Modernist Literature , Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. 224, £45.NymanJopi, Postcolonial Animal Tale from Kipling to Coetzee , New Delhi, Atlantic Publishers and Distributor, 2003, pp. vi + 176, Rupees 375.00SturgessKim C., Shakespeare and the American Nation , Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. x + 234, £45.

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-96
Author(s):  
R.C. Richardson ◽  
David Watson ◽  
Gary Farnell ◽  
John N. King ◽  
M. J. Jardine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
William Blake ◽  
History Plays ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Arcades Project ◽  
The Media ◽  
John Selden ◽  
And Performance ◽  
History Play

scholarly journals Cross-country differences in innovative entrepreneurial activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1301-1329
Author(s):  
Ali Raza ◽  
Moreno Muffatto ◽  
Saadat Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Cognition ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Business Freedom

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between entrepreneurial cognition and innovative entrepreneurial activity (IEA) across countries using an institutional perspective. Design/methodology/approach The paper tests theoretical model using data collected by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness study and the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF). A multi-level analysis is performed based on set of 1,004,620 observations from 49 countries spanning 13 years (2001–2013). Findings The results suggest that in terms of formal regulations; the relationship between entrepreneurial cognitions and IEA becomes stronger when there is an increase in intellectual property right and business freedom regulations in a country. On the other hand, in terms of informal institutions the relationship between entrepreneurial cognitions and IEA becomes stronger when the level of institutional collectivism and uncertainty decreases and performance orientation increases. Originality/value The study indicates that entrepreneurship by innovation increases when the individuals possess high level of entrepreneurial cognition under suitable institutional conditions (e.g. intellectual property right, business freedom, institutional collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and performance orientation).

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madara Apsalone ◽  
Ērika Šumilo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
External Environment ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Open Economies ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Socio-cultural factors – shared values, norms and attitudes are significant, but less acknowledged sources of international competitiveness. Previous studies have found socio-cultural factors positively affecting various aspects of international competitiveness – entrepreneurship, innovation, productivity and international cooperation. These factors are more sustainable and less affected by external environment changes in comparison with the traditional factors. Socio-cultural factors provide an opportunity to develop competitiveness strategies based on unique advantages. This research aims to explore the impact of socio-cultural factors on international competiveness in small, open economies. Analysing relationship between 400 socio-cultural indicators and competitiveness indicators such as productivity, economic development, business and government efficiency, innovation capacity and infrastructure in 37 countries, six socio-cultural factors have emerged: Collectivism and Hierarchy; Future, Cooperation and Performance Orientation, Self-expression, Monochronism and Rationality, Economic Orientation and Social structure. The first factor – Collectivism and Hierarchy – tends to reduce the international competitiveness; the other five affect it positively.

Europäische Wettbewerbspolitik zwischen Prozeß- und Ergebnisorientierung: Zur Notwendigkeit institutioneller Reformen in der europäischen Wettbewerbspolitik / European Competition Policy between Process and Performance Orientation: The Necessity of Institutional Reforms

1999 ◽  
Vol 218 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Public Choice ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
And Performance

ZusammenfassungDie europäische Wettbewerbspolitik kann auf eine erfolgreiche vierzigjährige Anwendungspraxis zurückblicken. Jedoch hat mit zunehmender Bedeutung der positiven Integration die Ergebnisorientierung in der Wettbewerbspolitik mehr und mehr an Gewicht gewonnen. In einer Vielzahl von Fusions- und Beihilfenentscheidungen läßt sich eine solche Ergebnisorientierung nachweisen. Aus ordnungspolitischer Sicht ist diese Entwicklung nicht ungefährlich, da mit ihr eine erhebliche Politisierung des Entscheidungsverfahrens verbunden ist. Die institutionelle Ausgestaltung der Wettbewerbsaufsicht läßt sich unter institutionenökonomischen und „Public Choice“-Aspekten betrachten. Der Vorteil einer politisch unabhängigen Wettbewerbsaufsicht ist darin zu sehen, daß diese sich ausschließlich auf den Schutz des Wettbewerbs konzentrieren kann. Daher sollten in der Europäischen Union die wettbewerblichen Entscheidungsverfahren durch ein unabhängiges Kartellamt und einen Subventionskontrollrat politikneutral institutionalisiert werden.

Cultural Intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-174
Author(s):  
Carolin Roehl
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Management Positions ◽  
Culture Performance

For individuals in management positions, globalization has reinforced contact with foreign cultures and provided opportunities to be assigned to projects abroad. Expatriates encounter additional challenges varying from differently-oriented work forces to building a new life in a foreign country. The organizations must ensure that employees are well selected, prepared, and supported throughout the expatriation process. An exploratory study of German project managers in Portugal is conducted to elaborate the importance of cultural intelligence in business. Current understandings of both national cultures and their potential conflict factors are portrayed and German expatriates questioned about their work environment and private adjustment to Portuguese culture. Performance-orientation and assertive culture on the managers' side and relationship-focus and high-context communication on the employees' side triggered difficulties with work tasks. Differences related to the cultural dimension collectivism versus individualism complicated the expatriates' adjustment to the local culture.

Forming Trust in Virtual Writing Teams

2010 ◽  
pp. 88-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Collaborative Writing ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Trust Formation ◽  
And Performance

This chapter explores collaborative writing in virtual teams, and, particularly, trust formation in virtual writing teams, to help those who create or work in virtual writing teams to understand the importance of trust. In order to build the case for trust as the key component in teams, the chapter presents important background on teams as a general concept. In particular, it considers the constituents of quality teams, which include small team size, diverse team membership, interdependent relationships, shared team vision, articulated processes, and performance orientation. The chapter then elaborates on the role of trust in teams, presenting it as the key feature for any type of team environment. Based on this background, the chapter then differentiates the general concept of teams from virtual teams in particular, arguing that virtual teams must address specific considerations in order to build trust. Such considerations include the composition of the team, where team members possess a propensity to trust; the proper use of technology in the virtual team, so that the medium matches the communicative need; and social presence, or the ways that virtual teams can build trust by using communication behaviors to demonstrate to others that they share understanding. The chapter combines the general team considerations with the virtual team considerations into a rubric for building strong virtual teams based upon four major categories: team traits, team actions, individual traits, and environment traits. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future study.

scholarly journals What Do We Know About the Language Learning Motivation of University Students in Japan? Some Patterns in Survey Studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Irie
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
Integrative Motivation ◽  
And Performance

This review identifies patterns of motivation exhibited by Japanese university students by examining a representative selection of survey studies that have mainly employed factor analysis and which have been conducted since 1990. This collection of surveys includes works published in Japanese. Two sets of contrasting motivational concepts highlight the recurring patterns: (a) instrumental and integrative motivation and (b) mastery and performance goal orientation. The research suggests that Japanese university students appreciate a utilitarian value of learning English, and have an interest in communicating with native speakers of the target language. While performance orientation may be important, mastery orientation has been shown to relate more strongly to the use of strategies. The review also demonstrates the relevance and limitations of these constructs. 本論では１９９０年以降に発表された日本人大学生の言語学習モチベーション(L2motivation) に関するアンケート調査（日本語で発表されたものを含む）の報告にみられる傾向を検証する。理解を助ける為、二組の概念が用いられる。一つはすでによく知られているガードナーの道具的及び統合的動機、もう一つは比較的新しいマスタリーとパフォーマンス志向である。先行研究によると日本人学生は英語学習の道具的な価値を認め、旅行やNSとの交流に興味を持っていることがわかる。パフォーマンス志向の存在が認められるもののマスタリー志向の方がより強く学習ストラテジーの使用と関連性があると報告されている。本稿ではこれらのモチベーション概念が日本人大学生の動機づけを理解する上での妥当性及び限界考察する。尚、因子分析の役割と現在の言語学習モチベーションについても言及する。（３７４字）

scholarly journals Size and Development of the Third Sector: An Insight Into Cross-Country Differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Primož Pevcin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Insight Into

Non-profit or third sector is a very diverse sector and its socio-economic importance is rising in modern societies, although the way in which this sector is operating is changing dramatically, causing that dividing lines with for-profit and government sector are blurring. Nevertheless, quite substantial differences can be observed in the development and relative size of non-profit sector across countries, several factors potentially contributing to those differences. Consequently, the purpose of the paper is to theoretically and empirically investigate the effect of governmental interventionism, level of economic development and extent of societal heterogeneity on the variations in the size of the non-profit sector across countries, since theory predicts certain macro relations between those variables. Furthermore, the paper tries to address certain limitation and pitfalls of the development of non-profit sector in the future, predominantly related to increased pressures for commercialisation and performance orientation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document