Simulative study of raised cosine impulse function with Hamming grating profile based Chirp Bragg grating fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabana Urooj ◽  
Norah Muhammad Alwadai ◽  
Anas Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Reflection Spectrum ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
The Real ◽  
Impulse Function ◽  
The Cross

Abstract This work simulate the raised Cosine impulse function with Hamming grating profile based chirp Bragg grating fiber. The transmittivity/reflectivity, the grating ref index of the chirp grating fiber variations, real/imaginary coupling coefficient variations and the cross section monitor of the mesh transmission variations are simulated and clarified versus the length of grating. The transmission/reflection spectrum, input grating pulse width intensity spectrum, and the output grating pulse width intensity against the grating wavelength are demonstrated clearly. All the obtained results are demonstrated with the OptiGrating simulation software version 12. The transmittivity/reflectivity of chirp grating fiber, the grating ref index of chirp grating fiber, the cross section monitor of the mesh transmission and the real/imaginary coupling coefficient variations are simulated and demonstrated against the grating performance parameters.

scholarly journals FPGA based Implementation of Symmetrical Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
K. Venkataramanan ◽  
B. Shanthi ◽  
T. S. Sivakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Multilevel Inverter ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
The Real ◽  
Modulation Techniques ◽  
Switching Strategies

Multilevel inverter has become more popular and attractive for drive applications. Among the various modulation techniques, Carrier based techniques has been commonly used because of their simplicity and flexibility. This paper presents the comparisons of bipolar multicarrier pulse width modulation for the new symmetrical multilevel inverter. The performance parameters of new multilevel inverter were analyzed through various switching strategies. The detailed study has been carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The real time implementation was carried out using FPGA. The results of both simulation and experimentation were compared.

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb Solder

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 553-560
Author(s):  
Yukihiko Hirai ◽  
Kouki Oomori ◽  
Hayato Morofushi ◽  
Ikuo Shohji
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Solder Joint ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Crystal Grains ◽  
The Cross

Microstructures and tensile properties at 233 K, 300 K and 398 K of Sn-3.0 mass%Ag-0.5 mass%Cu (SAC305) and Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb solder were investigated by using miniature size specimens with 0.5 mm diameter, which can reproduce the microstructure of the real solder joint. In this study, three kinds of Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb solder (SAC305-6.0 mass%In-1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mass%Sb) were used. The microstructure of SAC305 consisted of a single crystal grain. On the other hand, the microstructures of Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb solder consisted of polycrystalline. The number of crystal grains per the cross section of SAC305-6.0In-1.0Sb was stably several tens or more. The tensile strength of Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb was improved approximately 2 times that of SAC305. Also, the variation in tensile strength of SAC305 at 233 K was large due to anisotropy of the crystal grain. In contrast, the variation in tensile strength of Sn-Ag-Cu-In-Sb at 233 K was lower than that of SAC305. In particular, that of SAC305-6.0In-1.0Sb was reduced to approximately a sixth of that of SAC305. It seems that the effect of anisotropy of the crystal grain is decreased by polycrystallization in SAC305-6.0In-1.0Sb.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

Energy Distribution in Electron Beams

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Integral Curve ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Angular Divergence ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Integral Width ◽  
The Cross

The energy distribution in an electron; beam from an electron gun provided with a biased Wehnelt cylinder was measured by a retarding potential analyser. All the measurements were carried out with a beam of small angular divergence (<3xl0-4 rad) to eliminate the apparent increase of energy width as pointed out by Ichinokawa.The cross section of the beam from a gun with a tungsten hairpin cathode varies as shown in Fig.1a with the bias voltage Vg. The central part of the beam was analysed. An example of the integral curve as well as the energy spectrum is shown in Fig.2. The integral width of the spectrum ΔEi varies with Vg as shown in Fig.1b The width ΔEi is smaller than the Maxwellian width near the cut-off. As |Vg| is decreased, ΔEi increases beyond the Maxwellian width, reaches a maximum and then decreases. Note that the cross section of the beam enlarges with decreasing |Vg|.

Research in the cross-section of community psychology and global climate change: A call for action

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marci Culley ◽  
Holly Angelique ◽  
Courte Voorhees ◽  
Brian John Bishop ◽  
Peta Louise Dzidic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Community Psychology ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Cross

Experimental Studies Of Multilayer Glass Structures On Compression, Compression With Bending And Simple Bending

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Experimental Values

The work of multilayer glass structures for central and eccentric compression and bending are considered. The substantiation of the chosen research topic is made. The description and features of laminated glass for the structures investigated, their characteristics are presented. The analysis of the results obtained when testing for compression, compression with bending, simple bending of models of columns, beams, samples of laminated glass was made. Overview of the types and nature of destruction of the models are presented, diagrams of material operation are constructed, average values of the resistance of the cross-sections of samples are obtained, the table of destructive loads is generated. The need for development of a set of rules and guidelines for the design of glass structures, including laminated glass, for bearing elements, as well as standards for testing, rules for assessing the strength, stiffness, crack resistance and methods for determining the strength of control samples is emphasized. It is established that the strength properties of glass depend on the type of applied load and vary widely, and significantly lower than the corresponding normative values of the strength of heat-strengthened glass. The effect of the connecting polymeric material and manufacturing technology of laminated glass on the strength of the structure is also shown. The experimental values of the elastic modulus are different in different directions of the cross section and in the direction perpendicular to the glass layers are two times less than along the glass layers.

Seasonality in the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

CFA Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Kathryn Dixon Jost
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
The Cross
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