Morphological reassessment and new locality records for Galea comes Thomas, 1919 (Rodentia, Caviidae)

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
Pablo Teta ◽  
María Carolina Madozzo-Jaén ◽  
Alexandra M.R. Bezerra ◽  
Pablo E. Ortiz ◽  
Sergio O. Lucero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
Emended Diagnosis

Abstract The genus Galea Meyen, 1833 includes at least five species of terrestrial, diurnal and herbivorous cavies that occupy grasslands and rocky scrub areas at both high and low elevations in South America. According to the available molecular and morphological data, Galea comes Thomas, 1919 is restricted to highland areas above 2000 m in southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina. Its distributional range as well as its morphological distinctiveness from other closely related species (Galea leucoblephara and Galea musteloides) is poorly documented. Using both qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, we provided an emended diagnosis for G. comes. In addition, we added six new locality records to its known distribution.

scholarly journals Does advertisement call variation coincide with genetic variation in the genetically diverse frog taxon currently known as Leptodactylus fuscus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)?

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. RONALD HEYER ◽  
YANA R. REID
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
South America ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

The frog Leptodactylus fuscus is found throughout much of South America in open and disturbed habitats. Previous study of genetic differentiation in L. fuscus demonstrated that there was lack of genetic exchange among population units consistent with multiple species, rather than a single species. We examine advertisement vocalizations of L. fuscus to determine whether call variation coincides with genetic differentiation. Calls were analyzed for 32 individual frogs from 25 localities throughout the distributional range of L. fuscus. Although there is variation in calls among geographic samples, call variation is not concordant with genetic variation or geographic distance and the call variation observed is less than that typically found among other closely related species of Leptodactylus. This study is an example of the rare pattern of strong genetic differentiation unaccompanied by salient differences in advertisement calls. The relative infrequency of this pattern as currently understood may only reflect the lack of detailed analyses of genetic and acoustic differentiation within population systems currently understood as single species with substantial geographic distributions.

Relocation of Alona manueli Sinev & Zawisza 2013 and a new closely related species from the Ecuadorian Andes to the new genus Alpinalona (Cladocera, Chydoridae, Aloninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4350 (3) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL ALONSO ◽  
ARTEM Y. SINEV
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Related Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Head Pores ◽  
Lateral Head

Alpinalona gen. nov. is described for two species found in high altitude localities of continental North America and South America: Alona manueli (Sinev & Zawisza, 2013) from the Neovolcanic Mexican Axis and Alpinalona cajasi gen. et sp. nov from El Cajas National Park (Ecuador). The new genus is separated from Hexalona and allies by the absence of limb VI and filter plate V;  from Anthalona, Coronatella and the elegans-group by having seven setae on exopodite III, and by the presence of a well-developed seta 1 on the IDL of limb III; from Alona s. str. (quadrangularis-group) and Ovalona, by two main head pores, lateral head pores located close to main pores, and by a bilobed exopodite V; from Ovalona by the presence of seta (i) and inner setae 2–3 on limb I, and setae 4–5 of exopodite III being of same size; and from Alona s. lato by weakly developed marginal denticles of postabdomen, clusters of thin setulae on ventral surface of limb I, and by plumose setae 5–6 of exopodite IV. Alpinalona cajasi sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from A. manueli by the following characteristics: prominent posterodorsal angle of carapace; broader headshield; longer PP distance; and postanal marginal denticles organized into groups.  

scholarly journals ON THE ORIGIN OF THE CULTIVATED CHENOPODS (CHENOPODIUM)

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-505
Author(s):  
Charles B Heiser ◽  
David C Nelson
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Type A ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Andes

ABSTRACT On the basis of morphology Chenopodium quinoa of the Andes and C. nuttalliae of Mexico appear to be very closely related species. Artificial hybrids have been secured between the two. It is suggested that both species may have been derived from the same original wild type. A weedy quinoa, C. quinoa var. melanospermum, is known from South America, but as yet a weed race closely related to C. nutalliae has not been reported from Mexico.

Advertisement calls of the lesser spiny frog Quasipaa exilispinosa (Liu and Hu, 1975) (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4926 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-450
Author(s):  
ZHI-QIANG CHEN ◽  
HUA-LI HU ◽  
JUN-JIE ZHONG ◽  
HAI-PING SHANGGUAN
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Eleven Species

There are currently only eleven species of Quasipaa (Anura: Dicroglossidae) distributed in southern and southwestern China to central Vietnam, southeastern Thailand, and southwestern Cambodia and presumably also in Laos (Frost 2020). Eight species of Quasipaa are currently known in China: Q. boulengeri (Günther 1889), Q. courtoisi (Angel 1922), Q. exilispinosa (Liu & Hu 1975), Q. jiulongensis (Huang & Liu 1985), Q. shini (Ahl 1930), Q. spinosa (David 1875), Q. yei (Chen, Qu, and Jiang 2002), and Q. verrucospinosa (Bourret 1937). The first seven species are endemic to China (AmphibiaChina 2020). These species have similar morphological traits and are capable of introgressive hybridization between the closely related species of this genus(Zhang et al. 2018). Despite the detailed acoustic analysis that is available to identify a variety of species and is beneficial to the study of anuran taxonomy (e.g., Microhyla species; Chen et al. 2020), advertisement calls have only been reported in detail for Q. spinosa (Yu & Zheng 2009; Chen et al. 2012; Shen et al. 2015) and Q. shini (Kong et al. 2016), whereas the call for Q. exilispinosa was briefly described from observations in captivity (Voitel 2000). 

scholarly journals Twisting to freedom: The evolution of copulation termination techniques across 48 species of sepsids (Diptera, Sepsidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindy Jia Min Tuan ◽  
Diego Pitta Araujo ◽  
Nalini Puniamoorthy ◽  
Jeremy M Woodford ◽  
Rudolf Meier
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Variable Separation ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
A New Technique

Studies of insect mating behaviour usually focus on what happens before and during copulation. Few pay close attention to the actions needed to end copulation. However, genital separation after copulation is likely to be an important cause of mechanical stress and injuries because it often involves the withdrawal of heavily armoured male intromittent organs from membranous female reproductive tracts. Difficult and/or slow separations can also reduce male and female fitness by increasing their exposure to predation. We here report the results of a comparative study of separation behaviour in 48 species of Sepsidae (Diptera) and one outgroup. We find a surprising amount of qualitative and quantitative behavioural variability within and between species. We characterize and reconstruct three types of behaviours: 1) The sepsid ancestor likely used `back-off; a gentle separation technique that does not involve any pulling or twisting (https://youtu.be/EbkJvOaubZ0). 2) This potentially gave rise to the most common `pull' technique where the male turns 180 degrees and pulls in an opposite direction from the female (https://youtu.be/oLf4xGpkk1s). This separation can be quick and straightforward, but in some species the `pull' is slow and protracted and we routinely find dead males and/or females attached to their living partners in the latter (difficult: https://youtu.be/MbYPbXN6jr0; failure: https://youtu.be/leTiXefFzCc). 3) Finally, several species use `twist', a new technique where the male rotates >360 degrees from the initial mounting position (https://youtu.be/WMUXbIPyLbk). We document that species capable of using `twist' have shorter and less variable separation times than those using "pull". However, many species capable of `twist' also retain the ability to use `pull' (`back-off'/'pull'= 8%; `pull' only= 41%; `twist'/ `pull'= 24%; `twist' only = 27%). Overall, our study suggests that separation behaviour can vary among closely related species and highlights the significance of studying variable behavioural traits in a phylogenetic context.

scholarly journals Clarification of the taxonomic identity, typification and nomenclature of Impatiens benthamii (Balsaminaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
R. Gogoi ◽  
B.B.T. Tham ◽  
N. Sherpa ◽  
J. Dihingia ◽  
S. Borah
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Distributional Range

Impatiens benthamii Steenis (Balsaminaceae) is re-collected from the type locality, Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India, almost 60 years since it was last collected. The history and nomenclatural complexity of this little-known endemic species is discussed. A clarification of the distributional range of the species is given due to previous erroneous reports. To facilitate its proper identification, a detailed description based on live materials and colour photographs is provided. The characters of Impatiens benthamii are compared to those of closely related species. A lectotype is designated.

scholarly journals Valipora minuta (Coil, 1950) (Cyclophyllidea: Gryporhynchidae) in Butorides striata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Ardeidae): The first record from Brazil and a new definitive host record

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Alves Pinto ◽  
Vítor Luis Tenório Mati ◽  
Alan Lane de Melo
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Host Record ◽  
First Record ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
First Time

The gryporhynchid tapeworm Valipora minuta (Coil, 1950) found in Butorides striata (Linnaeus, 1758) from Pampulha dam, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, which represents a new definitive host, is reported from South America for the first time. The morphology of the cestodes found is briefly described and compared with previous reports and closely related species.

Isophya sonora, a new bush-cricket species from Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4860 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-292
Author(s):  
HASAN SEVGİLİ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Mirror Area ◽  
Bush Cricket

Herein I describe Isophya sonora sp. nov. a new bush-cricket species from Trabzon, Northeastern part of Turkey (Black Sea Region). The species is characterized by the shape of the markedly convergent fastigium, distinctly broadened pronotum at metazona, elongate tegmina and large mirror area of left tegmen in the male. The bioacoustic characteristics, and the shape and number of the teeth of stridulatory organs are also different compared to closely related species. The new species is clearly a member of I. zernovi species-group allied with I. bivittata. Both the bioacoustics, and the morphological data, demonstrate the relationships between species of the I. zernovi species-group are as follows: (I. bicarinata + (I. zernovi + I. horon)) + (I. sonora sp. n. + I. bivittata?))) + (I. karadenizensis + I. autumnalis)))). 

scholarly journals Comments on the validity of Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae), a taxon known solely by the type specimens from Northern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darci M. Barros-Battesti ◽  
Valeria C. Onofrio ◽  
Márcia Arzua ◽  
Marcelo B. Labruna
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
Northern Brazil

The types of Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch and its junior synonym H. sanguinolenta Koch, both from State of Pará, Brazil, have been studied. Although H. cinnabarina has been considered a synonym of H. punctata Canestrini and Fanzago (a Palearctic species), they were compared to another closely related species H. chordeilis (Packard) (a Nearctic species). Based on the morphology and geographical distance among of H. cinnabarina, H. chordeilis and H. punctata, we are reasonably sure that all are valid taxa. The lack of additional reports of H. cinnabarina is more related to few investigations in South America, mainly in Northern Brazil, rather than suggesting that it does not exist.

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