scholarly journals Overview of nanocellulose as additives in paper processing and paper products

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-281
Author(s):  
Ao Li ◽  
Dezhong Xu ◽  
Lu Luo ◽  
Yalan Zhou ◽  
Wen Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Paper Recycling ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract The rapid economic growth and environmental concerns have led to high demands on paper and paper-based products in terms of variety, quantity, quality, and specialty. Enhancement and functionalization with additives are constantly required. Moving away from traditional petroleum-based additives, researchers have attempted to use “green” nanoadditives by introducing renewable environmentally friendly nanocellulose. This article studies the functions of nanocellulose as bio-additives (enhancer, retention and filtration reagent, and coating aid) in paper and paper products, and overviews the research development of nanocellulose-based additives and their applications in the paper industry for both efficient production and paper functionalization. The review shows that (1) a variety of nanocellulose-based bioadditives have been reported for various applications in paper and paper-based products, while commercially viable developments are to be advanced; (2) nanocellulose was mostly formulated with other polymer and particles as additives to achieve their synergistic effects; (3) major interests have concentrated on the nanocellulose in the specialty papers as representing more value added products and in the efficient utilization of recycled fibers, which remains most attractive and promising for future development. This report shall provide most useful database information for researchers and industries for paper recycling and enhancement, and paper-based products innovation and application.

A green electrochemical transformation of inferior coals to crystalline graphite for stable Li-ion storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 7533-7540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenglu Zhu ◽  
Haibin Zuo ◽  
Shijie Li ◽  
Jiguo Tu ◽  
Wei Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Ion Storage ◽  
Green Strategy ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Value Added Products ◽  
Crystalline Graphite

With the increasing demand for the efficient utilization of global resources, a green strategy for the transformation of inferior coals to highly value-added products is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Engineering Escherichia coli for highly efficient production of lacto-N-triose II from N-acetylglucosamine, the monomer of chitin

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duoduo Hu ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Yingying Zhu ◽  
Wenli Zhang ◽  
Wanmeng Mu
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Lactose Hydrolysis ◽  
Cell Factory ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maximum Titer ◽  
Related Pathway ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract Background Lacto-N-triose II (LNT II), an important backbone for the synthesis of different human milk oligosaccharides, such as lacto-N-neotetraose and lacto-N-tetraose, has recently received significant attention. The production of LNT II from renewable carbon sources has attracted worldwide attention from the perspective of sustainable development and green environmental protection. Results In this study, we first constructed an engineered E. coli cell factory for producing LNT II from N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) feedstock, a monomer of chitin, by introducing heterologous β-1,3-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, resulting in a LNT II titer of 0.12 g L−1. Then, lacZ (lactose hydrolysis) and nanE (GlcNAc-6-P epimerization to ManNAc-6-P) were inactivated to further strengthen the synthesis of LNT II, and the titer of LNT II was increased to 0.41 g L−1. To increase the supply of UDP-GlcNAc, a precursor of LNT II, related pathway enzymes including GlcNAc-6-P deacetylase, glucosamine synthase, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase, were overexpressed in combination, optimized, and modulated. Finally, a maximum titer of 15.8 g L−1 of LNT II was obtained in a 3-L bioreactor with optimal enzyme expression levels and β-lactose and GlcNAc feeding strategy. Conclusions Metabolic engineering of E. coli is an effective strategy for LNT II production from GlcNAc feedstock. The titer of LNT II could be significantly increased by modulating the gene expression strength and blocking the bypass pathway, providing a new utilization for GlcNAc to produce high value-added products.

scholarly journals Methods to improve lignin’s reactivity as a phenol substitute and as replacement for other phenolic compounds: A brief review

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3515-3525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Hu ◽  
Hui Pan ◽  
Yonghong Zhou ◽  
Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Lignin Modification ◽  
Modified Lignin ◽  
Lignin Macromolecule ◽  
Value Added Products

Lignin is readily available as a by-product from the pulp and paper industry. It is considered to be a promising substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis, given the increasing concerns of the shortage of fossil resources and the environmental impact from petroleum-based products. One hurdle that prevents the commercial utilization of lignin is its low reactivity due to its chemical structure. Many efforts have been made to improve its reactivity by modification and/or depolymerization of lignin molecules. Methylolation and phenolation are the two most studied modification approaches aimed at introducing reactive functional groups to lignin molecules. Modified lignin from these two methods could partially replace phenol in PF resin synthesis. Demethylation of lignin could effectively increase the reactivity of lignin by forming catechol moieties in the lignin macromolecule. Other methods, including reduction, oxidation, and hydrolysis, have also been studied to improve the reactivity of lignin as well as to produce phenolic compounds from lignin. Most current methods of lignin modification are not economically attractive. One can expect that efforts will be continued, aimed at improving the utilization of lignin for value-added products.

scholarly journals Evaluating Feruloyl Esterase—Xylanase Synergism for Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Xylo-Oligosaccharide Production from Untreated, Hydrothermally Pre-Treated and Dilute-Acid Pre-Treated Corn Cobs

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lithalethu Mkabayi ◽  
Samkelo Malgas ◽  
Brendan S. Wilhelmi ◽  
Brett I. Pletschke
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Feruloyl Esterase ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Value Added Products

Agricultural residues are considered the most promising option as a renewable feedstock for biofuel and high valued-added chemical production due to their availability and low cost. The efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of agricultural residues into value-added products such as sugars and hydroxycinnamic acids is a challenge because of the recalcitrant properties of the native biomass. Development of synergistic enzyme cocktails is required to overcome biomass residue recalcitrance, and achieve high yields of potential value-added products. In this study, the synergistic action of two termite metagenome-derived feruloyl esterases (FAE5 and FAE6), and an endo-xylanase (Xyn11) from Thermomyces lanuginosus, was optimized using 0.5% (w/v) insoluble wheat arabinoxylan (a model substrate) and then applied to 1% (w/v) corn cobs for the efficient production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and hydroxycinnamic acids. The enzyme combination of 66% Xyn11 and 33% FAE5 or FAE6 (protein loading) produced the highest amounts of XOS, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid from untreated, hydrothermal, and acid pre-treated corn cobs. The combination of 66% Xyn11 and 33% FAE6 displayed an improvement in reducing sugars of approximately 1.9-fold and 3.4-fold for hydrothermal and acid pre-treated corn cobs (compared to Xyn11 alone), respectively. The hydrolysis product profiles revealed that xylobiose was the dominant XOS produced from untreated and pre-treated corn cobs. These results demonstrated that the efficient production of hydroxycinnamic acids and XOS from agricultural residues for industrial applications can be achieved through the synergistic action of FAE5 or FAE6 and Xyn11.

scholarly journals Potential assessment of eucalyptus grown for biorefinery processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paulo Eichler ◽  
Marcilio Toledo ◽  
Matheus Vilares ◽  
Fernando Gomes ◽  
Rogério Lourega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Value Added Products

With the predictability of oil shortage, there is a strong demand for renewable and sustainable raw materials. In this scenario, lignocellulosic material stands out as a potential solution. With the use of bio-refinery, they can be processed into high value added products through chemical, biochemical and thermochemical processes. A great source of lignocellulosic biomass today is the wood of Eucalyptus, which has high levels of production and productivity in Brazil, reaching numbers between 60-80 m3ha1year-1. In order to achieve a more efficient utilization of biomass in a biorefinery concept, it is necessary first to perform chemical analyses to define the operating conditions of the conversion processes, since heterogeneity and high chemical complexity is an inherent property of the biomass. In this context, this study aimed to chemically characterize and investigate the potential of three species of Eucalyptus (E. urophylla, E. saligna and E. dunnii) grown in Rio Grande do Sul state for biorefinery purposes. Results of higher heating value for E. urophylla, E. saligna and E.dunnii were similar (19.10, 19.10 and 19.15 MJ/kg respectively). However, cellulose content results for E. saligna (47.5%±2.40) were highlighted, being slightly higher thanthose for E. urophylla (42.75%±1.34) and E. dunnii (43.10%±1.13). Hemicelluloses content for E. urophylla (23.25%±0.78) was slightly superior to the others (20.35%±2.05 for E. saligna and 18.80%±2.40 for E. dunnii). Finally, it was concluded that the analysed species of Eucalyptus have high potential for biorefinery in thermochemical processes. The species E. urophylla has the greatest potential for biorefinery processes using hemicelluloses, and the species E. saligna has greater potential for biorefinery processes utilizing cellulose.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-ECONOMY IN THE FOOD AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1681-1684
Author(s):  
Georgi Toskov ◽  
Ana Yaneva ◽  
Stanko Stankov ◽  
Hafize Fidan
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foreign Brands ◽  
Value Added Products

The European Commission defines the bioeconomy as "the production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources and waste streams into value added products, such as food, feed, bio-based products and bioenergy. Its sectors and industries have strong innovation potential due to their use of a wide range of sciences, enabling and industrial technologies, along with local and implied knowledge." The Bulgarian food industry faces a lot of challenges on the local and national level, which have direct influence on the structure of the production companies. Most of the enterprises from the food sector produce under foreign brands in order to be flexible partners to the large Bulgarian retail chains. The small companies from the food sector are not able to develop as an independent competitive producer on the territory of their local markets. This kind of companies rarely has a working strategy for positioning on new markets. In order to consolidate their already built positions for long period of time, the producers are trying to optimize their operations in a short term. However, the unclear vision of the companies for the business segment does not allow them to fully develop. Tourism in Bulgaria is a significant contributor to the country's economy.

Oxidized indium with transformable dimensions for CO2 electroreduction toward formate aided by oxygen vacancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 3726-3731
Author(s):  
Fenghui Ye ◽  
Jinghui Gao ◽  
Yilin Chen ◽  
Yunming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Value Added Products

Electroreduction of CO2 into value-added products is a promising technique in which the structure of the catalyst plays a crucial role.

scholarly journals β-Galactosidases from a Sequence-Based Metagenome: Cloning, Expression, Purification and Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
María Florencia Eberhardt ◽  
José Matías Irazoqui ◽  
Ariel Fernando Amadio
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Catalytic Domains ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Cazy Database ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Value Added Products

Stabilization ponds are a common treatment technology for wastewater generated by dairy industries. Large proportions of cheese whey are thrown into these ponds, creating an environmental problem because of the large volume produced and the high biological and chemical oxygen demands. Due to its composition, mainly lactose and proteins, it can be considered as a raw material for value-added products, through physicochemical or enzymatic treatments. β-Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.23) are lactose modifying enzymes that can transform lactose in free monomers, glucose and galactose, or galactooligosacharides. Here, the identification of novel genes encoding β-galactosidases, identified via whole-genome shotgun sequencing of the metagenome of dairy industries stabilization ponds is reported. The genes were selected based on the conservation of catalytic domains, comparing against the CAZy database, and focusing on families with β-galactosidases activity (GH1, GH2 and GH42). A total of 394 candidate genes were found, all belonging to bacterial species. From these candidates, 12 were selected to be cloned and expressed. A total of six enzymes were expressed, and five cleaved efficiently ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside and lactose. The activity levels of one of these novel β-galactosidase was higher than other enzymes reported from functional metagenomics screening and higher than the only enzyme reported from sequence-based metagenomics. A group of novel mesophilic β-galactosidases from diary stabilization ponds’ metagenomes was successfully identified, cloned and expressed. These novel enzymes provide alternatives for the production of value-added products from dairy industries’ by-products.

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