Cluster analysis and subgrouping to investigate inter-individual variability to non-invasive brain stimulation: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pellegrini ◽  
Maryam Zoghi ◽  
Shapour Jaberzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Statistical Cluster

Abstract Cluster analysis and other subgrouping techniques have risen in popularity in recent years in non-invasive brain stimulation research in the attempt to investigate the issue of inter-individual variability – the issue of why some individuals respond, as traditionally expected, to non-invasive brain stimulation protocols and others do not. Cluster analysis and subgrouping techniques have been used to categorise individuals, based on their response patterns, as responder or non-responders. There is, however, a lack of consensus and consistency on the most appropriate technique to use. This systematic review aimed to provide a systematic summary of the cluster analysis and subgrouping techniques used to date and suggest recommendations moving forward. Twenty studies were included that utilised subgrouping techniques, while seven of these additionally utilised cluster analysis techniques. The results of this systematic review appear to indicate that statistical cluster analysis techniques are effective in identifying subgroups of individuals based on response patterns to non-invasive brain stimulation. This systematic review also reports a lack of consensus amongst researchers on the most effective subgrouping technique and the criteria used to determine whether an individual is categorised as a responder or a non-responder. This systematic review provides a step-by-step guide to carrying out statistical cluster analyses and subgrouping techniques to provide a framework for analysis when developing further insights into the contributing factors of inter-individual variability in response to non-invasive brain stimulation.

scholarly journals Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation in children and young people with psychiatric disorders: a protocol for a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael D. Lewis ◽  
Lucy Gallop ◽  
Iain C. Campbell ◽  
Ulrike Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Abstract Background Most psychiatric disorders have their onset in childhood or adolescence, and if not fully treated have the potential for causing life-long psycho-social and physical sequelae. Effective psychotherapeutic and medication treatments exist, but a significant proportion of children and young people do not make a full recovery. Thus, novel, safe, brain-based alternatives or adjuncts to conventional treatments are needed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques which have shown clinical benefits in adult psychiatric conditions. However, in children and young people their efficacy is not well established. The objective of this study will be to systematically evaluate the evidence on clinical effects of NIBS in children and young people with psychiatric disorders, assessing disorder-specific symptoms, mood and neurocognitive functions. Methods We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review. We will include randomised and non-randomised controlled trials and observational studies (e.g. cohort, case-control, case series) assessing the effects of NIBS in children and young people (aged ≤ 24 years old) for psychiatric disorders. The primary outcome will be reduction of disorder-specific symptoms. Secondary outcomes will include effects on mood and cognition. A comprehensive search from database inception onwards will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Grey literature will be identified through searching multiple clinical trial registries. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles and abstract data. The methodological quality of the studies will be appraised using appropriate tools. We will provide a narrative synthesis of the evidence and according to heterogeneity will conduct an appropriate meta-analysis. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Discussion This systematic review will provide a broad and comprehensive evaluation of the evidence on clinical effects of NIBS in children and young people with psychiatric disorders. Our findings will be reported according to the PRISMA guidelines and will be of interest to multiple audiences (including patients, researchers, healthcare professionals and policy-makers). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019158957

scholarly journals Does non-invasive brain stimulation modify hand dexterity? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e015669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Terrence O'Brien ◽  
Gabriel Torrealba Acosta ◽  
Rodrigo Huerta ◽  
Aurore Thibaut
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hand Dexterity

Non-invasive brain stimulation targets and approaches to modulate gambling-related decisions: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 106657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Pettorruso ◽  
Andrea Miuli ◽  
Chiara Di Natale ◽  
Chiara Montemitro ◽  
Francesca Zoratto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals M70. THE EFFICACY OF COMBINING COGNITIVE REMEDIATION AND NON-INVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S162-S162
Author(s):  
Anika Poppe ◽  
Leonie Bais ◽  
Franziska Ritter ◽  
Branislava Curčić-Blake ◽  
Gerdina (Marieke) Pijnenborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clinical Populations

Abstract Background Cognitive deficits are commonly observed in people diagnosed with schizophrenia and have been found to be more predictive of future daily and community functioning than the severity of clinical symptoms (e.g., hallucinations and delusions). Cognitive remediation (CR) is a psychological treatment developed to improve cognitive functioning and thereby daily functioning. Despite the effectivity of CR programs, reduced neuroplasticity in brain networks underlying the cognitive tasks may impede the effectiveness of these treatment programs. Increasing the neuroplasticity in these networks by the use of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) like transcranial direct current stimulation or transcranial magnetic stimulation might boost the effect of CR. In a systematic review, we will address the question whether the combination of non-invasive brain stimulation and cognitive remediation may be a promising treatment strategy. We will apply a transdiagnostic perspective in order to determine the potential benefit of combining CR and NIBS in general, and not specific to a diagnostic category. Methods A systematic review of literature was conducted by searching PsycINFO, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Medline databases for combined treatments of CR and NIBS. Included studies were assessed for cognitive, clinical and functional outcomes. Results 64 studies were identified, with 40 studies including clinical populations (e.g., schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, HIV, MS). The cognitive outcomes showed mixed results. Most effects were found on complex attention and executive functioning. In these domains about 38% of the studies found an added positive treatment effect for combining interventions, in comparison to single interventions (i.e. CR, NIBS, or CR+sham-stimulation). Functional outcome measures were included in ten of the 40 studies with clinical populations. Eight studies found a positive trend towards greater improvements in daily functioning when CR and NIBS were combined. Discussion So far, findings indicate promising effects of combining CR and NIBS on cognitive functioning and daily functioning in healthy and various clinical populations. There is a lot of variety between studies (e.g., duration of treatment, number of total sessions, number of weekly sessions, cognitive domains targeted) which may explain the mixed results. Especially, the design of the CR varied widely. Strategy-use and targeting meta-cognition, which were identified as effective elements of CR as a stand-alone treatment were not included in many combined CR+NIBS designs. Future studies have to elucidate whether the combining CR (including strategy-use and meta-cognition) and NIBS has an additive effect on cognitive and/or daily functioning compared to non-combined treatment. Moreover, future studies should evaluate whether beneficial effects from the experimental studies translate into long-term improvement in activities of daily life.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Therapies and Cardiovascular Risk: Implications for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Augusto Negreiros Parente Capela Sampaio ◽  
Renerio Fraguas ◽  
Paulo Andrade Lotufo ◽  
Isabela Martins Benseñor ◽  
André Russowsky Brunoni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Non Invasive
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