scholarly journals Early Realized Gains for Two-cycle Selection for Black Spruce and Their Implications for Testing Effort Allocation

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Weng
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Silvicultural Practice ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Realized Genetic Gains

AbstractDeployment of improved black spruce (Picea mariana(Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlots in New Brunswick (NB) is a standard silvicultural practice. Most plantations have been established using elite-stand seedlots in the 1980s, first-generation seedling seed orchard seedlots in the 1990s and thereafter second-generation clonal seed orchard seedlots. A large-plot realized gain test was established at six sites in NB to provide estimates of actual gains from planting these improved seedlots. The test compared four improved seedlots, representing seedlots collecting from an elite stand, a first-generation seed orchard, two second-generation orchards and a mix of eight elite full-sib families identified in second-generation testing populations, with one unimproved checklot. This paper presents height measurements taken on trees at age 5. Results indicate that realized genetic gains from two-cycle selection and breeding are reasonably high and, in general, the more improved the seedlot, the higher the gain. Planting the elite-stand or the first-generation orchard seedlot would produce a gain of about 10% (relative to the checklot) in 5-yr height and an additional 5.8% gain could be obtained from planting the second-generation orchard seedlot. Even higher gain could be obtained via the deployment of the elite full-sib families, which was estimated to be about 8.6% more than the deployment of the second-generation orchard seedlot. While the realized gain varied with site, the ranking of gain achieved for the different seedlots was similar between sites. The above information was further used to optimize testing efforts for realized gain tests. To detect a typical gain of 5 to 10% at a significance level of 0.05 with a predetermined power of 0.80, each test should include 5 to 10 blocks per site (the number of sites is fixed at 4) or 4 to 6 sites (the number of blocks per site is fixed at 6) paired with planting 36 to 49 trees per plot. These approximate numbers of sites and blocks per site should be modified, depending on the interactions of seedlot with site and with block within site.

Realized genetic gains observed in a first generation seedling seed orchard for jack pine in New Brunswick, Canada

New Forests ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Weng ◽  
K. Tosh ◽  
G. Adam ◽  
M. S. Fullarton ◽  
C. Norfolk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Realized Genetic Gains

Genetic gains in oil yields after nine years of breeding Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Doran ◽  
G. R. Baker ◽  
E. R. Williams ◽  
I. A. Southwell
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Eastern Australia

A breeding program to enhance the economics of producing essential oil (Australian tea tree oil) from Melaleuca alternifolia plantations in eastern Australia by improving oil yields and oil quality commenced in 1993. This paper reports the results of the first (2003) and second harvests (2004) of a yield trial established by the program in 2002. The trial compares the performance of three grades of seed (clonal seed orchard, first generation seedling seed orchard and selected provenance) released to the industry by the breeding program against an unimproved seedlot (industry standard). Industry standard is representative of seed available to growers in 2001 from alternative sources within the industry. Progeny from the clonal seed orchard had the highest oil yield, giving an estimated average improvement in yield over industry standard of 83%. This was followed by selected provenance and first generation seedling seed orchard with 55% and 43% improvement, respectively. These yield improvements were accompanied by desirable changes in oil quality traits among breeding program seedlots which gave lower 1,8-cineole and higher terpinen-4-ol levels than industry standard. Economic analyses have demonstrated that, with current prices less than $20 per kg of oil, older plantations need to be replanted with new germplasm that will yield 90% more oil per hectare than plantings based on unselected seed if they are to deliver a 10% rate of return on investment. Gains of this magnitude are possible through the use of the breeding program’s clonal seed orchard seedlot. If the price drops further, then even greater yield gains will be necessary for farms to remain profitable. These gains will be delivered by the breeding program in the coming years through the release of seed from a second generation seedling seed orchard and fully tested clones suitable for mass propagation.

scholarly journals Model of experimental clonal seed orchard for the production of Serbian spruce sPicea omorika /Panc./Purkyne) intraspecific hybrids

Genetika ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
Vasilije Isajev
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Incomplete Diallel Cross ◽  
Serbian Spruce ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrids

The presented model for the establishment of an experimental clonal seed orchard of Serbian spruce was designed based on the results of the analysis and assessment of the genetic potential of Serbian spruce seedling seed orchard at Godovik. Based on the results of the analyses, eight superior half-sib lines of Serbian spruce were selected, of which 24 genotypes were selected. Their hybridisation, by the model of incomplete diallel cross resulted in 21 combinations at the level of half-sib lines, i.e. 48 combinations at the level of parent genotypes. The applied study methods identified the potentially valuable genotypes-cone producers i.e. pollinators, which will be fixed by cloning in the seed orchard of the second generation for the production of the promising hybrids.

Comparison of isozyme variation among natural stands and plantations: jack pine and black spruce

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Allelic Heterogeneity ◽  
Nonrandom Mating ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Seed Zone ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Mating Conditions ◽  
Seed Collections

Isozymes from needles of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana) and black spruce (Piceamariana) were analysed to test differences among young stands, mature stands, plantations from seed-zone seed collections, a plus-tree clonal seed orchard, and a progeny plantation from the seed orchard. Analyses based on approximately 100 trees per population resolved seven polymorphic loci for jack pine and five for black spruce. For intraspecies comparisons, allelic heterogeneity tests indicated no differences between young stands and plantations from seed-zone seed collections. The black spruce clonal seed orchard and mature natural stands were genetically homogeneous. Allelic heterogeneity test and discriminant analysis indicated that the progeny plantation from the clonal seed orchard differed from other black spruce samples. It is proposed that nonrandom mating conditions in the clonal seed orchard altered allele frequencies of the resultant progeny plantation.

Variation in the PGI/AAT linkage group between populations of black spruce

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 756-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Barrett ◽  
W. M. Cheliak ◽  
P. H. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Tight Association

Linkage analysis, using megagametophytes from a clonal seed orchard of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) detected a tight association between Pgi-2 and Aat-1 with a recombination frequency of 2.6%. This is in marked contrast to earlier estimates for this species, which were much greater. The present results suggest that black spruce may be comparable with numerous other conifer species demonstrating this particular, highly conserved association.

scholarly journals Variation in Floral Phenological Synchronization in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus tabuliformis in Northeast of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiaoru Wang ◽  
Yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Northeast Of China

Abstract Flowering phenology in an orchard is a crucial factor affecting the gene exchange among clones and consequently changing genetic composition of the seed crop. Pinus tabuliformis is now at the crucial period from first generation clonal seed orchards to advanced generation seed orchards in China. In this study, variation and stability in floral phenological synchronization of all the clones and possible mating pairs, in terms of an index of phenological overlap, were observed in a first generation clonal seed orchard which located in northeast of China. Results showed that significant variations occurred in the clones and mating pairs. This kind of variation was apparently related with temperature and humidity of the research site. With increasing age, levels of flowering synchronization were likely to rise in the clones and mating pairs. In general, the average flowering synchronization of male parents was slightly higher than that of female parents, female management in a seed orchard should be paied more attention. Flowering time was under strong genetic control and this genetic control was stronger in the female flowering process than of the males in terms of board sense heritability and year to year correlation analysis. Flowering synchronization of female parents was positively correlated between most years and can be a reliable reference for early and late predication in Pinus tabuliformis seed orchard during stage of initial seed harvest to stable seed production. According to their average levels of flowering synchronization, 49 clones in the first generation clonal seed orchard were divided into 11 different groups. Results of this paper provided the basic information for first generation seed orchard management and advanced seed orchard establishment of Pinus tabuliformis.

Genetically based differences in susceptibility of white spruce to the spruce bud moth

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Quiring ◽  
Jean Turgeon ◽  
Dale Simpson ◽  
Allan Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Traits ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Selection For ◽  
One Year

The susceptibility of white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, leaders to damage by the spruce bud moth, Zeirapheracanadensis Mut. & Free., was assessed for 72 half-sib families at four half-sib family test sites and in one seedling seed orchard in New Brunswick. Trees of intermediate height (1.5–3.75 m) were the most damaged, and damage in one year was positively correlated to damage in the next. During 2 consecutive years, half-sib family explained only 1% of the variation in damage when all four test sites were analysed together. However, half-sib family explained between 2.9 and 7.9% of the variation in damage at individual sites. At the four test sites, mean growth reductions of trees in the two most susceptible families were estimated to be approximately 30% higher than those of trees in the two least susceptible families. When all 72 families were ranked with respect to height, trees in the most susceptible and least susceptible families were ranked very poorly and highly, respectively. This suggested that trees in more susceptible families were smaller because of damage by the spruce bud moth. However, this pattern was observed at all sites, including one where bud moth damage was negligible. Thus even in the absence of damage by the spruce bud moth, trees in these least susceptible families had a greater growth rate, in terms of height, than trees in the most susceptible families. This indicates that selection for plant traits reducing susceptibility to bud moth may be compatible with breeding programs attempting to improve height growth. Implications of these results for tree improvement programs are discussed.

Pollination and seed production in western white pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Owens ◽  
Danilo D. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Cone Development ◽  
Filled Seeds

The reproductive biology of western white pine ( Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) at the Saanich seed orchard (SSO; a coastal seedling seed orchard) and the Kalamalka seed orchard (KSO; an interior clonal seed orchard) is described. Seed-cone development and morphology determine seed potential and affect filled seed production. Seed potential was high, commonly over 200 seeds per cone and filled seeds per cone averaged 50–60 at both orchards in 1999 from open pollinations combined with operational supplemental mass pollinations (OP-SMP). Filled seeds per cone at SSO in 2004 averaged 115 with open pollinations and OP-SMP. About 30% of ovules aborted before pollination. Another 25% aborted probably because of self-incompatibility at fertilization. Seed efficiency (SEF) was only 5% at KSO with open pollination but increased to 30% with OP-SMP. SEF was the same at SSO with or without OP-SMP. Reproductive success was very low at KSO without OP-SMP but increased to about 10%, similar to that of SSO, with OP-SMP. The optimal time for control pollinations was at cone stages 4 and 5 and optimal amount of pollen per pollination bag was 0.3–0.4 mL. Western white pine is a very good seed producer and can be easily managed in seed orchards to give very high seed production per cone and per tree.

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