scholarly journals Harvest time: crop-reaping technologies and the Neolithisation of the Central Mediterranean

Antiquity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (356) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolò Mazzucco ◽  
Denis Guilbeau ◽  
Cristiana Petrinelli-Pannocchia ◽  
Bernard Gassin ◽  
Juan José Ibáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Crop Husbandry ◽  
Botanical Remains ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Agricultural Economies

Neolithic societies were defined by the development of agricultural economies not only because part of their diet was obtained from cultivated plants, but also because crop-husbandry practices strongly affected people's lifestyles in a variety of ways. It is therefore unsurprising that the development and diffusion of agriculture can be studied from diverse perspectives and with different approaches, by analysing, for example, the macro- and micro-botanical remains of fruits and grains for morphometric and taxonomic variation (Colledge & Conolly 2007) and genetic history (Mascher et al.2016). Conversely, agriculture can be indirectly assessed through its impact on the environment and subsequent landscape modifications (Zanchetta et al.2013; Mercuri 2014). Yet another approach explores crop-husbandry practices as reflected in changing technology. New agricultural tasks required the adaptation of existing technologies and the adoption of new tools and practices, including querns, millstones and other grain-grinding equipment, as well as artefacts and structures for grain storage, cooking and processing.

scholarly journals Adaptive potential of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) varieties of Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Kh. N. Rustamov ◽  
Z. I. Akparov ◽  
M. A. Abbasov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Husbandry ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Background. Studies into the adaptability of the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and their wild relatives to various environments are induced by global climate change. Introduction of adaptive wheat cultivars resistant to environmental stressors is the basis for stable harvests. This article presents the results of a research into the adaptive value of indigenous durum wheat varieties and improved cultivars released in different years in Azerbaijan.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out in the foothills of Mountainous Shirvan under unsecured non-irrigation at Gobustan Experiment Station of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry. In 2012–2014, contrasting in weather conditions, levels and structure of yield were analyzed. VIR’s guidelines were used to study 42 durum wheat varie ties, including 10 landraces. The years of study differed sharply in rainfall. Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient was used to assess the conditions of growing seasons.Results. Mostly modern cultivars of the semi-intensive type were distinguished for a set of agrobiological traits. Adaptability coefficients (0.81–1.23) showed that the response of the studied varieties to unfavorable conditions was highly expressed. Indigenous landraces ‘Ag bughda’ and ‘Bozak’, old breeding varieties ‘Arandani’, ‘Ag bughda 13’, ‘Kahraba’ and ‘Mirbashir 50’, and new cultivars ‘Karagilchig 2’ and ‘Barakatli 95’ had the highest adaptability coefficients. The first of them demonstrated stable yield, and the latter two were also resistant to stressors.Conclusion. Durum wheat yields under the conditions of moderately continental climate in Mountainous Shirvan depended on the number and weight of grains per ear. The varieties identified for the best adaptability are recommended to be included in crosses to develop new plastic cultivars of durum wheat. 

scholarly journals Element Composition, Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity of Wild and Cultivated Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) Fruits and Leaves during the Harvest Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-569
Author(s):  
Noémi KOCZKA ◽  
Éva STEFANOVITS-BÁNYAI ◽  
Enikő PROKAJ
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Rubus Fruticosus

In Europe, blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) fruits are cultivated for fresh or processed products, and the leaves are collected for medicinal uses mainly from wild-grown populations. In this study, mineral composition, total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu’s method), and total antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma, FRAP) of blackberries were determined during the harvest period. Leaves and fruits were harvested from wild-grown and cultivated plants at the same locations. Results showed that sampling time and growing place influenced the element composition. Concentration of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P, Zn was significantly higher in cultivated fruits, however, content of Al, Cu, Mn was higher in wild-grown samples. Total phenolic content (TPC) and FRAP values in the leaves increased slightly during the vegetation period. Fruits were harvested at the same maturity stage, their TPC and FRAP level were not influenced by the harvest time. TPC and FRAP levels were higher in blackberry fruits than that in leaves. Significant differences were obtained for TPC and FRAP between wild and cultivated plants, both parameters were higher in the cultivated blackberries. Positive linear correlation was found between the TPC results of wild and cultivated blackberry leaves and fruits, and the same was true for FRAP values. Between TPC and FRAP also a strong positive relationship was observed both in leaves and fruits. Our findings suggest that cultivated blackberry fruits had higher mineral level and antioxidant properties than the wild ones; however, the antioxidant power of leaves from wild populations was similar to that of cultivated plants.

The Origin of Cultivated Plants

Antiquity ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
The West ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Nomadic Life ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Origin Of Cultivated Plants

Most developments of civilization demand a settled system of agriculture, and are not compatible with nomadic life. The exact connexion between the rise of civilization and the rise of agriculture is possibly uncertain. The cultivation of different plants developed in different places: rice in the East and wheat in the West, for example. The cultivators may have attained only a low level of culture, and thousands of years may have elapsed before they produced a civilization of which the marks have endured. But to know where the different species of cultivated plants originated must help to trace the origins and diffusion of civilizations.

Impact of Crop Husbandry Practices and Environmental Conditions on Wheat Composition and Quality: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2491-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hellemans ◽  
S. Landschoot ◽  
K. Dewitte ◽  
F. Van Bockstaele ◽  
P. Vermeir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Crop Husbandry
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