scholarly journals Odontologia Forense: sua importância e meios de identificação post mortem

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Sara Trevisol ◽  
Caroline Tiecher ◽  
Amanda Melo Coelho ◽  
Manasses Alcantara Loureiro ◽  
Regina Rigo Thiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Microsatellite Repeats

A Odontologia Forense é uma especialidade que investiga os processos físicos, químicos e biológicos que podem ter provocado danos a um indivíduo, auxiliando a justiça na identificação de indivíduos mortos. O presente estudo objetiva comprovar, através de evidências científicas existentes na literatura, a importância da Odontologia Forense. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura sistematizada qualitativa, a qual realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico a partir de seleção de literatura tradicional e artigos em bases de dados online, utilizando os seguintes descritores: “Forensic Anthropology”; “Forensic sciences”; “Human identification”, “Microsatellite Repeats” e suas combinações. Foram incluídos estudos sobre Odontologia Forense, publicados na língua portuguesa e inglesa, sem limitação de data de publicação. Foram encontrados 1853 artigos, dentre os quais 20 se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão, sendo eles: relato de caso clínico, estudos transversais e revisão da literatura. A Odontologia Forense mostra sua importância em variados casos, na maioria deles a identificação é obtida através dos arcos dentários que permitem identificar grupo racial, sexo, altura, idade, e os dados ante mortem, em que observam-se dados dos tratamentos odontológicos ocorridos ante mortem e compara-se com post mortem. Verificou-se com os resultados obtidos que a Odontologia Forense possui grande importância em variados casos de investigação, devido ao fato de os elementos dentários resistirem por mais tempo a condições desfavoráveis, havendo assim a possibilidade de obtenção de material genético através destes elementos.

Terminology Used to Describe Human Variation in Forensic Anthropology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Pilloud ◽  
Cassie Skipper ◽  
SaMoura Horsley ◽  
Alba Craig ◽  
Krista Latham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Human Variation ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Ancestry Estimation ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
The U.S

To understand the implications of the forensic anthropological practice of “ancestry” estimation, we explore terminology that has been employed in forensic anthropological research. The goal is to evaluate how such terms can often circulate within social contexts as a result, which may center forensic anthropologists as constituting “race” itself through analysis and categorization. This research evaluates terminology used in anthropological articles of the Journal of Forensic Sciences between 1972 and 2020 (n = 314). Terminology was placed into two categories: classifiers and descriptors. Classifiers were standardized into one of five options: “race,” “ancestry,” “population,” “ethnic,” or “other.” Descriptors included terms used to describe individuals within these classificatory systems. We also compared these terms to those in the NamUs database and the U.S. census. Our results found that the terms “ancestry” and “race” are often conflated and “ancestry” largely supplanted “race” in the 1990s without a similar change in research approach. The NamUs and census terminology are not the same as that used in forensic anthropological research; illustrating a disconnect in the terms used to identify the missing, unidentified, and in social contexts with those used in anthropological research. We provide histories of all of these terms and conclude with suggestions for how to use terminology in the future. It is important for forensic anthropologists to be cognizant of the terms they use in medicolegal contexts, publications, and in public and/or professional spaces. The continued use of misrepresentative and improper language further marginalizes groups and perpetuates oppression rooted in systemic racism.

scholarly journals Identifying missing people: the contribution of forensic dentistry and DNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
Luciene Menrique CORRADI ◽  
Denise Vieira TRAVASSOS ◽  
Sylvia Cury COSTE ◽  
Rosa Núbia Vieira de MOURA ◽  
Efigênia Ferreira e FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Forensic Dentistry ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Examination

Abstract Introduction Human identification is considered one of the major steps concerning missing people. The Forensic Anthropology Sector of Legal Medical Institutes identifies corpses. Forensic dentistry and DNA tests stand out among the existing standard tests. Objective This article aimed to evaluate human identification effectiveness through forensic dental examination performed in the forensic anthropology sector in a Forensic Medical Institute, comparing them with DNA analyses. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data available in the department´s database, from 2008 to 2014, concerning identification procedures using forensic dentistry and DNA techniques. Result The analysis of the examinations eligible to this study (241) showed that DNA analysis was the method used for identification in 79.3% of the cases and forensic dental examinations were used in 20.7% of the cases. As for the type of biological material used during these examinations, unidentified corpses corresponded to 131 cases (53.9%), skeleton structures corresponded to 109 cases (44.9%) and there were 3 cases of body segments (1.2%). When analyzing the time spent to complete the tests, dental examinations were faster than DNA tests. The time spent for forensic dental examination does not depend on the type of dental documentation evaluated. Conclusion The analysis of the results in this study showed that human identification through forensic dentistry is effective, rapid and less costly, contributing to greater agility in solving issues related to locating missing people.

scholarly journals USE OF BITEMARKS FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION BY USING INTER-CANINE DISTANCE AND MESIO-DISTAL WIDTH OF MAXILLARY INCISORS.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sargam R. Parate ◽  
Aayushi Chauhan ◽  
Ashish Bodhade ◽  
Alka Dive
Keyword(s):  
Human Identification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bite Marks ◽  
Bite Mark ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Maxillary Incisors

Aim: to determine the use of bite marks for human identification by using inter- canine distance and mesio-distal width of maxillary incisors. Introduction: Odontogenic evidence is considered to be the third most precise method of identification of human in forensic sciences. Bite-marks on the body are intentionally made, those found on food particles are usually impractically left by the offender at the scene of crime, these marks are of great importance in identification of the offender. The present study was aimed to determine the use of bitemarks for human identification by using inter-canine distance and mesio-distal width of the maxillary incisors. Materials and Methods: 40 consenting volunteers were included in the study. With the help of autoclaved Vernier calliper, the inter-canine distance and mesio-distal width of maxillary incisors were measured and bite on chocolate (CADBURY 5Star) was taken. Using Vernier calliper, Inter-canine distance and Mesio-distal width (2 maxillary central and 2 lateral incisors), were measured from the bite mark. Both measurements obtained were coded and matching was done by two doubly blinded examiners. Results: The probability of correct identification on the basis of IC distance and MD width obtained from bite-marks is 68.35%. The average proportion of correct matching is 0.78 for IC distance measurement and 0.46 for MD width. Conclusion: Metric method can be used for human identification by using bite-mark. IC distance is more reliable and efficient in human identification than MD width.

Post-mortem fetal expulsion: Forensic anthropology lessons from the archaeological field

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Augias ◽  
E. Prot ◽  
C. Etchemendigaray ◽  
D. Gourevitch ◽  
J. Nogel Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Post Mortem

scholarly journals The Scientific Profiles of Documented Collections via Publication Data: Past, Present, and Future Directions in Forensic Anthropology

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Francisca Alves-Cardoso ◽  
Vanessa Campanacho
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
The University

Human osteological documented collections (DCs), also referred to as “identified collections”, are a valuable resource in biological and forensic anthropology, as they offer the possibility for hypothesis-driven research on sex and age-at-death estimation methods, human variability, and other morphometric-based parameters of individual identification. Consequently, they feature in many publications addressing the forensic sciences. The paper aims to explore the scientific profiles of DCs via publication using bibliometric data. The Dimensions databases were used to select the DC-related keywords in the title and abstracts of the publications. The search result analysis and extraction were conducted using VOSviewer. A total of 376 articles were found, published between 1969 and 2021 (November). The number of publications has increased over the years, specifically after 2011. The results show that most of the publications are associated with countries such as the United States and Portugal (the latter highlights the University of Coimbra), that the research tends to focus on human biological profiling (e.g., age, sex assessments), and that the journals with the highest numbers of publications were related to forensic sciences. This analysis shows a positive correlation between DC publications and the growth of forensic anthropology in recent years, with a slight shift towards the leading institutions that publish DC-based research. Hence, we can anticipate a change in the institutional leading profiles in the years to come.

Stature determination from different body dimensions: a systematic review appraisal

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Pabitra Paul ◽  
◽  
Ashish Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Subir Biswas ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Biological Anthropology ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Skeletal Analysis

Forensic anthropology is a special sub-field of biological anthropology (the study of human remains) that involves applying skeletal analysis and techniques in archaeology and forensic sciences to solving identity cases. Generally speaking forensic anthropology is the examination of human skeletal remains for law enforcement agencies to help with the recovery of human remains, determine the identity of unidentified human remains, interpret trauma, and estimate time since death. Through the established methods, a forensic anthropologist can aid law enforcement in establishing a profile of the unidentified remains. The profile includes sex, age, ancestry, height, length of time since death, and sometimes the evaluation of trauma observed on bones. In many cases after identity of an individual is made, the forensic anthropologist is called to testify in court regarding the identity of the remains and/or the trauma or wounds present on the remains. In the era of uncertainty of life and uplifment of criminal activities, there should be an enriched stock of scientific weapons for investigation and identification. In this context, the present review analysis initiated for the prediction of stature of an individual from different body parts that could enhance the procedures of identification as well as investigation.

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