UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE TETRAHYDROALDOSTERON AUSSCHEIDUNG IM KINDESALTER DURCH GASCHROMATOGRAPHIE MIT ELEKTRONENEINFANGDETEKTOR (ECD)

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Solc ◽  
D. Knorr
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potassium Loading ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Tetrahydroaldosterone-(THAldo)-glucuronide is the most important metabolite of aldosterone in the urine. According to Nicolis & Gabrilove (1969) we developed a GLC method for the determination of THAldo. The method includes the following steps: Enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction with ethylacetate, formation of γ-lactone, first TLC, formation of heptafluorobutyrate (HFB), second TLC, gas liquid chromatography (GLC) with electron capture detector (ECD), correction for losses by the internal 3H-THAldo standard. As little as 3 ng/sample can be detected with a coefficient of variation of < 10%. The paper presents more than 300 THAldo determinations during infancy and childhood. At the age of 5–30 days there is a significant (P < 0.01) peak of the THAldo excretion. The biological meaning of these high THAldo values in the early days of life is not clear at the present time. The peak is independent of the nutrition. After the age of 12 months the mean THAldo excretion is about 30 μg/m2/d. There is a circadian rhythm with a peak in the late morning. The dependence of the THAldo excretion on the sodium intake in childhood is the same as in adults. After potassium loading there is likewise a strong increase in the THAldo excretion. In a child suffering from Addison's disease we found about 30% of the substituted aldosterone as THAldo-glucuronide in the urine. As well angiotensin as ACTH induce an increase of the THAldo excretion. After dexamethasone there is a decrease of THAldo excretion indicating again an ACTH dependence of the aldosterone secretion. Children suffering from nephrotic syndrome during the active phase of the disease show very high values of THAldo in the urine. Under treatment with corticosteroids the THAldo excretion decreases depending on the remission. Treatment with both furosemide and potassium induces again a sharp increase of the THAldo excretion.

scholarly journals Orexitropic Signaling Proteins in Obese Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Saranac ◽  
Bojko Bjelakovic ◽  
Hristina Stamenkovic ◽  
Borislav Kamenov
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Adipose tissue is not only the main organ for energy storage, but it also has endocrine properties, producing “adipokines” responsible for energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Leptin, produced by adipocytes, is the key hormone in appetite regulation and suppression of orexigenic, hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY). We wanted to establish and compare levels of leptin and NPY in different obesity types in childhood, and to investigate their correlations with auxological parameters. Twenty-one obese children (seven girls and 14 boys), divided into two groups, were compared with 14 controls. The mean age of the study group was 10.81 ± 3.69 years and the mean puberty stage was 2.21. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 32.80 kg/m2(range 23.30– 47.02) and the mean overweight 30.73 kg (range 8.00–74.00). The mean leptin level was higher in boys and in the group with central obesity, but was not significant. Leptin/NPY ratio and leptin/BMI ratio was also higher in the central obesity group and there was a more significant difference compared with controls. We found significant correlation of the leptin level with body mass (BM), body mass excess (BME), and BMI (p < 0.05). The mean leptin level in obese children was very high (36.39 ng/ml). Leptin and NPY levels showed inverse values in two different obesity types. Results are suggestive for leptin resistance rather than leptin deficiency in our group of obese children. Orexitropic signaling proteins correlated significantly with auxological parameters. Determination of the leptin and NPY concentrations provided evidence that obesity represents disease with neuroendocrine dysfunction and high leptin/NPY ratio, which could be a useful marker for central obesity.

scholarly journals An experiment with the balance to find if change of temperature has any effect upon weight

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (512) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Boiling Liquid ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Exact Determination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Ideal

In all the experiments hitherto made to determine the gravitative attraction between two masses, the temperature has not varied more than a few degrees, and there are no results which would enable us to detect with certainty any dependence of attraction upon temperature even if such dependence exists. It is true, as Professor Hicks has pointed out, that Baily’s results for the Mean Density of the Earth, if arranged in the order of the temperature of the apparatus when they were obtained, show a fall in value as the temperature rises. But this is almost certainly some secondary effect, due to errors in the measurements of the apparatus, or to the seasons at which different attracted masses were used. The ideal experiment to find if temperature has an effect on gravitation would consist in one determination of the gravitative attraction between two masses at, say 15°C., and another determination at, say, the temperature of boiling liquid air. But the difficulties of exact determination at ordinary temperatures are not yet overcome, and at any very high or very low temperatures, they would be so much increased that the research seems at present hopeless.

Carbon tetrachloride poisoning in sheep: Effect upon the serum E260 value and plasma volume

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
No Value ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Ccl4 Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion ◽  
Very High

Serum E260 values were determined at intervals in sheep which were given 50 ml carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) by stomach tube into the rumen, and in untreated sheep. After administration of the drug, the mean E260 value fell initially, being minimal at 3 hr. At this time, the circulating plasma volume had increased by one-fifth, and it is considered that this dilution factor largely explained the fall. The group mean for non-fatal cases rose above the pre-administration level at 7 hr, then returned to it by 24 hr. However, in the one sheep that died from CCl4 poisoning, the serum E260 value remained very high until death at 46 hr. In view of the significant variations in serum E260 values between untreated sheep, and the significant random variations in serum E260 values between times of bleeding such sheep, it is concluded that the determination of serum E260 values at isolated times in individual sheep is of no value as a diagnostic criterion of CCl4 poisoning.

Computer determination of thoracic gas volume using plethysmographic "thoracic flow"

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lorino ◽  
A. Harf ◽  
G. Atlan ◽  
Y. Brault ◽  
A. M. Lorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Line ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Thoracic Gas Volume ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Computer Determination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Very High

Plotting a line to the variables obtained during a panting maneuver, i.e. thoracic volume and mouth pressure, is the conventional way of computing plethysmographic thoracic gas volume (TGV). This procedure is reliable if the magnitude of the thoracic volume changes is large compared to the drift on the signal; this is one of the major problems in volumetric plethysmography. We propose replacing the thoracic volume signal (Vt) by its time derivative (Vt) and similarly mouth pressure (Pm) with its time derivative (Pm). Drift is thus ruled out, and the magnitude of Vt is preserved when the subject fails to carry out noticeable changes in thoracic volume during the panting, since even then the speed of these changes in thoracic volume remains high. The use of Vt and Pm appeared to be necessary when a minicomputer was connected to a pressure-compensated flow plethysmograph to obtain an automatic calculation of TGV. A regression-line technique applied to signals obtained during the panting was used to find the slope of the relation and thus TGV. However, this slope can only be predicted with less than 5% error if the correlation coefficient is very high (i.e., above 0.99). The analysis of 121 recordings from patients showed that the mean r was only 0.954 when Vt and Pm were used. It increased to 0.993 with Vt and Pm. For the same recordings the comparison of hand-calculated TGV and computer-derived TGV showed a much better agreement for the Vt-Pm method (standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 0.14 liter) than for the Vt-Pm method (SEE = 0.34 liter). These results emphasize that, in contrast to the manual technique, the computer does not adequately handle even a small drift of the thoracic signal. The proposed time-derivative method is therefore useful for a hand calculation, but essential to a reliable computer determination of thoracic gas volume.

Studying, Working, and Living in Another EU Country

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Mullet ◽  
Véronique Dej ◽  
Isabelle Lemaire ◽  
Philippe Raïff ◽  
Jolyon Barthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

This study assessed the willingness of French youth to go and study or work for some time in another EU country. We examined three types of questions: (a) What is the overall level of willingness to go in another EU country? Does age, gender or socioeconomic status (SES) of the family influence this overall level? Which country do French youth prefer to go to? (b) Is a four-factor Push-Anti-Push-Pull-Anti-Pull model able to account for data regarding attitudes toward other countries and attitudes toward France? (c) Is this model able to predict willingness to go and study or work in another EU country, both generally and for individual countries? The overall level of willingness to go to other EU countries was not very high. Except for the United Kingdom the mean response was always located closer to the “No” pole than to the “Quite possible” pole. Gender, age, and educational level of the father did not play a role. Participants clearly preferred the United Kingdom and Spain to Germany or The Netherlands. Exploratory factor analysis showed a clearly interpretable Push-Anti-Push-Pull-Anti-Pull solution, and confirmatory factor analysis showed that this structure fits the attitudes data very well according to the usual indices. This general model, however, did not explain much of the “intent-to-go” variance. In addition, specific Pull attractiveness considerations (liking and knowing the country) played, beyond the general Push-Pull model, a notable role in the determination of willingness to go and study or work in each of the 14 EU countries.

scholarly journals Determination of leucine metabolism and protein turnover in sheep, using gas–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Krishnamurti ◽  
S. M. Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Leucine

1. Whole-body protein synthetic rates in non-pregnant ewes were determined by the continuous infusion of L-[15N]- and [1-13C]leucine and measuring the plasma enrichment of leucine, α-ketoisocaproate (α-KIC) and expired carbon dioxide by gas–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.2. The mean whole-body protein synthesis estimated from plasma leucine flux corrected for oxidation was 5·38 (SE 0·54) g/kg per d.3. Under the conditions of the present study leucine oxidation was 0·323 (SE 0·067) mmol/kg per d and accounted for 10·71 (SE 2·26) % of plasma [13C]leucine flux. Deamination of leucine was 0·55 (SE 0·035) mmol/kg per d and accounted for approximately 17% of plasma [15N]leucine flux.4. The rate of α-KIC reamination to leucine, calculated by subtracting 13C flux from 15N flux, was 0·228 (SE 0·101) mmol/kg per d.5. The rate of whole-body protein degradation was 4·49 (SE 0·54) g/kg per d and there was a net protein gain of 0·89 (SE 0·21) g/kg per d.

One Step Closer towards a Reliable Tinnitus Pitch-Match Frequency Determination Using Repetitive Recursive Matching

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Korth ◽  
Andreas Wollbrink ◽  
Robert Wunderlich ◽  
Daniela Ivansic ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Outlier Identification ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
One Step ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

Introduction: The determination of the tinnitus pitch-match (PM) frequency is not straightforward but an important audiological assessment recommended for clinical and research purposes. We evaluated repetitive recursive matching using an iPod-based matching procedure as a method to estimate a patient’s PM frequency without audiometric equipment. Methods: One hundred and seventeen patients with chronic tonal tinnitus (uni- and bilateral tinnitus) measured their tinnitus in 10 sessions using a self-administered automated iPod-based procedure comprising a recursive 2 interval forced-choice test. Results: Mean SD of the PM frequency of all participants across sessions was 0.41 octaves. The internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s α was very high (0.8–>0.95). As an example, 7 PMs obtained excellent internal consistency (α = 0.93). The exclusion of the first and/or second session led to more definite PMs with a decreased SD. Outliers were identified by PMs departing 2 SDs (i.e., 0.94 octaves) from the mean variability (n = 5). Conclusion: Repetitive recursive matching together with recommendations for the exclusion of initial and redundant sessions as well as outlier identification and treatment can enable a reliable estimation of the PM frequency.

Bone Age in Children with Minimal Brain Dysfunction

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Oettinger ◽  
Lawrence V. Majovski ◽  
George A. Limbeck ◽  
Ronald Gauch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Age ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Social Planning ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Minimal Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

53 children diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunction by the criteria of Clements had X-rays of their left wrist and hand for the determination of bone age. All X-rays were read independently by three physicians skilled in radiology. The films were read blind, that is, sex and case numbers but not age were available. The degree of inter-rater reliability was very high ( r = 0.87). Bone age for the minimal brain dysfunction group was significantly retarded ( p < 0.01) compared with the standard group's norms. Bone ages of more than 2 SD below the mean occurred in 10 children, while only one child showed a bone age of more than 2 SD above the mean. Two-thirds of the children in the minimal brain dysfunction group fell below the mean of the standard norms. No correlation was found between bone age and thyroid level. These findings suggest that children diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunction may be physiologically retarded in their bone age, although marked individual variations remain. The concept of physiological immaturity should be considered by professionals in the education and social planning for the child with minimal brain dysfunction.

DETERMINATION OF SOLVOLYSED SULPHATE ESTERS OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND ANDROSTERONE IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL PLASMA BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Y. WANG ◽  
R. D. BULBROOK ◽  
B. S. THOMAS ◽  
M. FRIEDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Abrupt Rise

SUMMARY A gas—liquid chromatographic method is described for the routine determination as the chloromethyldimethylsilyl ethers of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone obtained after solvolysis of a steroid sulphate fraction. 5α-Dihydrotestosterone sulphate is used as an internal standard. The levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and androsterone sulphate have been measured in 61 males and 66 females aged 20 days to 91 yr. The steroid levels show an abrupt rise at the age of about 7 yr. and reach a peak between the ages of 20 and 30 yr. Thereafter they fall with advancing age. The mean level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate is significantly higher in adult men than in women but the mean level of androsterone sulphate is similar.

scholarly journals Asteroid Masses and Densities

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schubart
Keyword(s):  
Total Mass ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Solar Mass ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Masses

Before 1966, when Hertz (1966) published his first direct determination of the mass of Vesta, all our knowledge on asteroid masses was based on estimates. The masses of the first four minor planets resulted from the measured diameters by Barnard (1900) (see the paper by Dollfus in this volume) and from estimated mean densities. The diameters of the smaller objects were derived from their brightness and an estimate of their reflectivity (usually the reflectivity of the Moon was adopted). In 1901, Bauschinger and Neugebauer (1901) derived a value for the total mass of the first 458 asteroids. All the diameters were computed from the brightness with an assumed value for the reflectivity. The diameter of Ceres found in this way is very close to Barnard’s (1900) value. The mean density of the 458 asteroids was put equal to that of Earth, and their total mass resulted as 3 X 10-9 solar mass. Stracke (1942) used the same method with an increased material, but the addition of more than 1000 faint asteroids did not bring a significant change in the estimate of the total mass. The report on the McDonald asteroid survey (Kuiper et al., 1958) does not contain another estimate of the total mass of the asteroid ring, but it points to the possibility of a very rapid increase in the number of asteroids with decreasing absolute brightness. If this increase is strong enough, each interval of 1 mag in absolute magnitude can contribute the same amount to the total mass. In the range of magnitudes covered by the Palomar-Leiden survey (PLS) (van Houten et al., 1970), there are no indications for such a strong increase.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document