scholarly journals Unacylated ghrelin is associated with changes in body composition and body fat distribution during long-term exercise intervention

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henna Cederberg ◽  
Ulla Rajala ◽  
Vesa-Matti Koivisto ◽  
Jari Jokelainen ◽  
Heljä-Marja Surcel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Unacylated Ghrelin

ObjectiveGhrelin, a gut–brain peptide involved in energy homeostasis, circulates predominantly (>90%) in unacylated form. Previous studies, however, have focused on total and acylated ghrelin, and the role of unacylated ghrelin (UAG) is not well understood. Particularly, the association of UAG with weight loss and changes in body composition in adults remains unclear. We hypothesized that exercise-associated increase in UAG level is associated with weight loss, favorable changes in body composition, and body fat distribution.Design and methodsA prospective study of 552 young men (mean age 19.3 and range 19–28 years) undergoing military service with structured 6-month exercise training program. Exercise performance, body composition, and biochemical measurements were obtained at baseline and follow-up. Association between changes in UAG levels and body composition and body fat distribution were evaluated.ResultsAn increase in UAG level during the exercise intervention was associated with reduced weight, fat mass (FM), fat percentage (fat %), and waist circumference, but not with fat-free mass. Inverse associations of changes in UAG level with changes in waist circumference and fat % were independent of weight at baseline, and changes in weight and exercise performance. Associations of changes in UAG level with waist circumference were significantly stronger than with fat % after the adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionUAG is associated with changes in body weight and body composition during an intensive long-term exercise intervention in young men. The association of UAG levels with changes in central obesity was stronger than with total FM.

scholarly journals Is abdominal obesity at baseline influencing weight changes in observational studies and during weight loss interventions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-921
Author(s):  
Mathilde Svendstrup ◽  
Kristine Højgaard Allin ◽  
Lars Ängquist ◽  
Peter Schnohr ◽  
Gorm Boje Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

ABSTRACT Background Body fat distribution is a marker of metabolic health independent of body size. Visceral fat accumulation has been suggested to result from a decreased expandability of the subcutaneous fat depots. Furthermore, the visceral fat may be easier to mobilize than the peripheral fat. We examined whether differences in abdominal obesity at baseline influenced prospective body-weight changes. Objective In this study we examined whether body-fat distribution at baseline was associated with long-term and short-term weight changes. Design We included 3 observational studies (ntotal = 7271) with mean follow-up times of 5–9 y and two 8–10-wk weight loss intervention studies (ntotal = 1091). We examined the association between baseline waist circumference and weight changes in a substitution regression model, where body weight, height, and fat-free mass were fixed so that a difference in waist circumference would reflect a difference in body fat distribution alone. The results were summarized in meta-analyses. Results In the observational studies, we found no associations between baseline waist circumference and subsequent weight change in men (β: 0.03 kg; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.08 kg; P = 0.19), but a negligible inverse association in women (β: −0.05 kg; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01 kg; P = 0.01). There was no association between baseline waist circumference and weight loss in the intervention studies (men: β: −0.05 kg; 95% CI: −0.13, 0.03 kg; P = 0.25; women: β: −0.00 kg; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.03 kg; P = 0.84). However, in all studies, the SDs of the weight change residuals were greater, the greater the waist circumference at baseline. This trend was statistically significant in women in most studies as well as in men in 1 of the studies. Conclusions With narrow CIs in 3 observational studies and 2 weight loss interventions, we did not find any clinically or epidemiologically relevant association between baseline abdominal obesity and weight change. However, the present study suggests that a greater baseline abdominal obesity is a marker for greater weight fluctuations. The CCHS trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02993172. The Health2006 trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00316667. The ORG study was conducted before trial registration was required. The NUGENOB trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN25867281. The DiOGenes trial was registered atwww.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00390637.

Body Fat Distribution and Body Composition During GnRH Agonist Therapy

2001 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIDEKI YAMASAKI ◽  
TSUTOMU DOUCHI ◽  
SHINAKO YAMAMOTO ◽  
TOSHIMICHI OKI ◽  
RIKI KUWAHATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Agonist Therapy

scholarly journals Association of prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes with offspring body composition and regional body fat distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kearney ◽  
J. Perron ◽  
I. Marc ◽  
S. J. Weisnagel ◽  
A. Tchernof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Regional Body Fat

Effects of a weight loss program on body composition and the metabolic profile in obese postmenopausal women displaying various obesity phenotypes: a MONET group study

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Normandin ◽  
Eric Doucet ◽  
Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret ◽  
Martin Brochu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Secondary Analyses

Obesity is a heterogeneous condition, since the metabolic profile may differ greatly from one individual to another. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a 6-month diet-induced weight loss program on body composition and the metabolic profile in obese individuals displaying different obesity phenotypes. Secondary analyses were done on 129 obese (% body fat: 46% ± 4%) postmenopausal women (age: 57 ± 4 years). Outcome measures included body composition, body fat distribution, glucose homeostasis, fasting lipids, and blood pressure. Obesity phenotypes were determined based on lean body mass (LBM) index (LBMI = LBM/height2) and visceral fat (VF) accumulation, as follows: 1, lower VF and lower LBMI (n = 35); 2, lower VF and higher LBMI (n = 19); 3, higher VF and lower LBMI (n = 14); and 4, higher VF and higher LBMI (n = 61). All groups had significantly improved measures of body composition after the intervention (P < 0.0001). Greater decreases in LBM and LBMI were observed in the higher LBMI groups than in the lower LBMI groups (P < 0.0001). Similarly, decreases in VF were greater in the higher VF groups than in the lower VF groups (P < 0.05). Overall, fasting insulin levels and glucose disposal improved following the intervention, with higher LBMI groups showing a trend for greater improvements (P = 0.06 and 0.07, respectively). Overall, no difference was observed among the different obesity phenotypes regarding improvements in the metabolic profile in response to weight loss. Individuals displaying higher VF or higher LBMI at baseline experienced significantly greater decreases for these variables after the intervention.

scholarly journals Impact of Variation in the FTO Gene on Whole Body Fat Distribution, Ectopic Fat, and Weight Loss

Obesity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1969-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Haupt ◽  
Claus Thamer ◽  
Jürgen Machann ◽  
Kerstin Kirchhoff ◽  
Norbert Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ectopic Fat ◽  
Fto Gene

Long-term glucocorticoid concentrations as a risk factor for childhood obesity and adverse body-fat distribution

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1503-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Noppe ◽  
E L T van den Akker ◽  
Y B de Rijke ◽  
J W Koper ◽  
V W Jaddoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution

Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Body Composition and Fat Distribution in HIV-Infected Patients: A Brief Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin M. Malita ◽  
Antony D. Karelis ◽  
Emil Toma ◽  
Remi Rabasa-Lhoret
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Complications

HIV infection and its treatment is associated with unfavourable metabolic and morphological abnormalities. These metabolic abnormalities, particularly alterations in body composition and fat distribution, may increase the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic complications, as well as reduce functional independence and lower self-esteem. Thus there is an urgent need to develop interventions intended to manage secondary side effects of HIV or antiretroviral therapy-related complications. In poly-treated patients, nonpharmacological interventions are a logical first step. Exercise training in particular may help alleviate some of the metabolic adverse effects associated with antiretroviral therapy by favourably altering body composition and patterns of body fat distribution. Studies have shown that exercise training, particularly aerobic training, can help reduce total body and visceral fat, as well as normalizing lipid profiles in HIV-infected patients. The results for resistance training, however, are less conclusive. Knowledge of the use of resistance and aerobic training and its attendant effects on insulin resistance and adipocytokines may represent an effective nonpharmacologic means for treating metabolic complications of HIV-infected persons who are receiving appropriate antiretroviral therapy. In this brief review we examine the effects of aerobic and resistance training on body composition, body fat distribution, and selected metabolic outcomes. Key words: lipodystrophy, highly active anti-retroviral therapy, aerobic training, resistance training

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