scholarly journals Are serum leptin and the Gln223Arg polymorphism of the leptin receptor determinants of bone homeostasis in elderly men?

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Crabbe ◽  
Stefan Goemaere ◽  
Hans Zmierczak ◽  
Inge Van Pottelbergh ◽  
Dirk De Bacquer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Free Estradiol

Objective: Across studies it has been suggested that leptin intervenes as a regulator of bone metabolism. This study assesses the contribution in elderly men of leptin and the Gln223Arg leptin receptor gene (LEPR) polymorphism to the variation in bone homeostasis, in relation to body composition and free estradiol as major confounders. Design: We performed cross-sectional (n = 270) and longitudinal (mean follow-up 3.4 years, n = 214) evaluations in elderly men. Methods: Serum leptin, LEPR genotype, baseline bone mineral density (BMD), longitudinal BMD changes at the hip and forearm, and biochemical markers of bone turnover were determined. Results: In cross-sectional analyses absolute fat mass was the index of body composition most strongly associated with leptin (r = 0.74; P < 0.001). LEPR genotypes and serum leptin were not associated. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (S-BAP) was associated with LEPR genotypes (P = 0.05) and urinary C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (U-CTX) were associated with leptin levels (P = 0.03), independently from age, fat mass and free estradiol. Baseline BMD at the hip and forearm was neither associated with leptin nor with LEPR genotypes. Prospectively assessed BMD loss was not associated with serum leptin at the hip, whereas BMD loss was positively associated with leptin at the forearm (P = 0.01), independently from age, fat mass and free estradiol. Longitudinal changes in hip or forearm BMD were not associated with LEPR genotypes. Conclusion: The findings suggest a possible role for leptin as determinant of bone homeostasis in elderly men, but with only modest impact independently from body composition and free estradiol.

scholarly journals Measures of Bioavailable Serum Testosterone and Estradiol and Their Relationships with Muscle Strength, Bone Density, and Body Composition in Elderly Men*

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 3276-3282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annewieke W. van den Beld ◽  
Frank H. de Jong ◽  
Diederick E. Grobbee ◽  
Huibert A. P. Pols ◽  
Steven W. J. Lamberts
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Hip Bmd ◽  
Best Parameter

Abstract In the present cross-sectional study of 403 independently living elderly men, we tested the hypothesis that the decreases in bone mass, body composition, and muscle strength with age are related to the fall in circulating endogenous testosterone (T) and estrogen concentrations. We compared various measures of the level of bioactive androgen and estrogen to which tissues are exposed. After exclusion of subjects with severe mobility problems and signs of dementia, 403 healthy men (age, 73–94 yr) were randomly selected from a population-based sample. Total T (TT), free T (FT), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were determined by RIA. Levels of non-SHBG-bound T (non-SHBG-T), FT (calc-FT), the TT/SHBG ratio, non-SHBG-bound E2, and free E2 were calculated. Physical characteristics of aging included muscle strength measured using dynamometry, total body bone mineral density (BMD), hip BMD, and body composition, including lean mass and fat mass, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. In this population of healthy elderly men, calc-FT, non-SHBG-T, E1, and E2 (total, free, and non-SHBG bound) decreased significantly with age. T (total and non-SHBG-T) was positively related with muscle strength and total body BMD (for non-SHBG-T, respectively, β = 1.93 ± 0.52, P &lt; 0.001 and β = 0.011 ± 0.002, P &lt; 0.001). An inverse association existed between T and fat mass (β = −0.53 ± 0.15, P &lt; 0.001). Non-SHBG-T and calc-FT were more strongly related to muscle strength, BMD, and fat mass than TT and were also significantly related to hip BMD. E1 and E2 were both positively, independently associated with BMD (for E2, β = 0.21 ± 0.08, P &lt; 0.01). Non-SHBG-bound E2 was slightly strongly related to BMD than total E2. The positive relation between T and BMD was independent of E2. E1 and E2 were not related with muscle strength or body composition. In summary, bioavailable T, E1, total E2, and bioavailable E2 all decrease with age in healthy old men. In this cross-sectional study in healthy elderly men, non-SHBG-bound T seems to be the best parameter for serum levels of bioactive T, which seems to play a direct role in the various physiological changes that occur during aging. A positive relation with muscle strength and BMD and a negative relation with fat mass was found. In addition, both serum E1 and E2 seem to play a role in the age-related bone loss in elderly men, although the cross-sectional nature of the study precludes a definitive conclusion. Non-SHBG-bound E2 seems to be the best parameter of serum bioactive E2 in describing its positive relation with BMD.

scholarly journals Reduced Appendicular Lean Body Mass, Muscle Strength, and Size of Type II Muscle Fibers in Patients with Spondyloarthritis versus Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Røren Nordén ◽  
Hanne Dagfinrud ◽  
Amund Løvstad ◽  
Truls Raastad
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition, muscle function, and muscle morphology in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).Methods. Ten male SpA patients (mean ± SD age39±4.1years) were compared with ten healthy controls matched for sex, age, body mass index, and self-reported level of physical exercise. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Musculus quadriceps femoris (QF) strength was assessed by maximal isometric contractions prior to test of muscular endurance. Magnetic resonance imaging of QF was used to measure muscle size and calculate specific muscle strength. Percutaneous needle biopsy samples were taken fromm. vastus lateralis.Results. SpA patients presented with significantly lower appendicular lean body mass (LBM) (p=0.02), but there was no difference in bone mineral density, fat mass, or total LBM. Absolute QF strength was significantly lower in SpA patients (p=0.03) with a parallel trend for specific strength (p=0.08). Biopsy samples from the SpA patients revealed significantly smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) of type II muscle fibers (p=0.04), but no difference in CSA type I fibers.Conclusions. Results indicate that the presence of SpA disease is associated with reduced appendicular LBM, muscle strength, and type II fiber CSA.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Dimensions and Bone Quality in International Male Beach Handball Players: Junior vs. Senior Comparison

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1817
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Javier Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Vicente-Martínez ◽  
María Martínez-Olcina ◽  
Laura Miralles-Amorós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Arm Span

Background: Beach handball is a recent team sport characterized by defensive and offensive actions on a sand surface. Scientific evidence has shown that body composition is fundamental in sports performance. The main objective of this study was to know the body composition, anthropometric characteristics, and bone mineral density of elite beach handball players. Furthermore, another purpose was to analyze the differences between categories (junior and senior) and playing position. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 36 male players (18 juniors and 18 seniors) of the Spanish National Beach Handball Team was conducted. Full profile anthropometry and calcaneal ultrasound measurements were used. Results: Significant differences between categories (p < 0.05) were found in: height, body mass, arm span, BMI, muscle mass, fat mass, bone mass, skinfolds, and body perimeters. The somatotype changes depending on the playing position. Bone mineral density of the players was adequate. No significant differences were found by playing position. Conclusions: Senior players had a better body composition due to the presence of less fat mass than junior players. This study provides reference values of elite junior and senior beach handball players and by playing positions. This data is useful for the identification of talents and players who should be trained to improve their body composition.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of GH Replacement on the Components of the Leptin System in GH-Deficient Individuals

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 798-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpal S. Randeva ◽  
Robert D. Murray ◽  
Krzysztof C. Lewandowski ◽  
Chris J. O’Callaghan ◽  
Rudiger Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Soluble Leptin Receptor ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Leptin System

GH therapy is associated with a reduction in fat mass and an increase in lean mass in subjects with GH deficiency (GHD). Leptin, like GH, plays an important role in the regulation of body composition. GH treatment has been shown to reduce serum leptin; however, the physiological interactions between the leptin system (free leptin, bound leptin, and soluble leptin receptor) and the GH/IGF-I system largely remain unknown.Twenty-five patients with childhood (n = 10) and adult-onset (n = 15) GHD were studied. GH status had previously been determined using an insulin tolerance test and/or an arginine stimulation test. The following parameters were recorded at baseline (V1) and then after 3 months (V2) and 6 months (V3) on GH treatment: fat mass, body mass index (BMI), and waist/hip ratio (WHR); blood samples were taken after an overnight fast for free leptin, bound leptin, soluble leptin receptor, insulin, and IGF-I.At V2 and V3, respectively, a fall in free leptin (P &lt; 0.001 for each), and at V3 a fall in in percent fat mass (P &lt; 0.001) were observed. There were no significant changes in BMI or WHR. Simultaneously, there was a rise in insulin (P = 0.068 and P &lt; 0.001), IGF-I (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001), bound leptin (P = 0.005 and P &lt; 0.001), and soluble leptin receptor (P = 0.61 and P &lt; 0.001). A positive relationship was noted between free leptin and BMI (P &lt; 0.001) and between free leptin and fat mass (P &lt; 0.001), and a negative relationship was found between free leptin and IGF-I (P &lt; 0.001) and, within patient, between free leptin and insulin (P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant correlation between free leptin and WHR. Bound leptin had a positive association with IGF-I (P &lt; 0.001) and insulin (P = 0.002) and a negative relationship with percent fat mass (P = 0.023). Soluble leptin receptor was also positively related to IGF-I (P &lt; 0.001).In conclusion, our data suggest that the reduction in serum leptin with GH treatment, as noted by others, is mediated through a fall in free leptin. The fall in free leptin and in part the rise in bound leptin are most likely through a reduction in percent fat mass. However, the observed changes in free leptin and bound leptin and, more importantly, the rise in soluble leptin receptor, are not explained entirely by modifications in body composition and may be a direct result of GH/IGF-I.

scholarly journals Leptin and Bone Mineral Density: A Cross-Sectional Study in Obese and Nonobese Men

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 5795-5800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine M. Morberg ◽  
Inge Tetens ◽  
Eva Black ◽  
Soeren Toubro ◽  
Thorkild I. A. Soerensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Leptin

Abstract Leptin has been suggested to decrease bone mineral density (BMD). This observational analysis explored the relationship between serum leptin and BMD in 327 nonobese men (controls) (body mass index 26.1 ± 3.7 kg/m2, age 49.9 ± 6.0 yr) and 285 juvenile obese men (body mass index 35.9 ± 5.9 kg/m2, age 47.5 ± 5.1 yr). Whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan measured BMD, fat mass, and lean mass. Fasting serum leptin (nanograms per milliliter) was strongly associated with fat mass (kilograms) in both controls (r = 0.876; P &lt; 0.01) and juvenile obese (r = 0.838; P &lt; 0.001). An inverse relation between BMD adjusted for body weight and serum leptin emerged in both the control group (r = −0.186; P &lt; 0.01) and the juvenile obese group (r = −0.135; P &lt; 0.05). In a multiple linear regression, fat mass, lean body mass, and occupational physical activity were positively associated with BMD in the control group, whereas in the juvenile obese, only lean body mass was positively associated with BMD and smoking negatively associated with BMD. Our study supports that leptin is inversely associated with BMD and may play a direct role in the bone metabolism in nonobese and obese Danish males, but it also stresses the fact that the strong covariation between the examined variables is a shortcoming of the cross-sectional design.

scholarly journals Study of Anthropometric and Body Composition Variables in the Overweight/Obese, Sedentary Elderly Men Using WATERinMOTION Aqua Training: A cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Rezaeipour ◽  
Vladimir Ivanovich Nychyporuk ◽  
Zahra Raghi
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Short Run

Background: The effect of aqua training on human body composition still causes inconsistency. Objectives: This study was set to identify the effects of WATERinMOTION (WiM) as a water-based exercise on anthropometric and body composition variables without dietetic supervision in overweight/obese, sedentary elderly men. Methods: Participants (n = 70; age: 70.5 ± 4.4 years) derived by purposive and accessible selection were randomly distributed to either a one-month WiM aqua training group (n = 35, two weekly sessions each included 55 minutes on WiM aqua training) or a control group (n = 35, at the same time in sitting state). Anthropometric measures (height, weight, and waist circumference [WC]) and body composition variables (body mass index [BMI], fat mass [FM], total body water [TBW], and free fat mass [FFM]) were evaluated pre/post-study. Results: Upon analysis, statistically significant changes (P ≤ 0.05) were set on weight, BMI, and FM by comparing pre/post study for the WiM group. Furthermore, comparing groups at post disclosed a significant change in anthropometric measures (weight and WC) and body composition variables (BMI, FM, TBW, and FFM). Conclusions: A short-run, non-diet-supervised WiM program suggests supporting a loss in weight, FM, and BMI in overweight/obese, sedentary elderly men.

Abstract 17105: Is There a Difference in Lean and Fat Mass in HF Patients Based on NYHA Classifications (I-II versus III-IV)?

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Haedtke ◽  
Debra K Moser ◽  
Susan J Pressler ◽  
Terry Lennie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Class I ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nyha Classification

Introduction: As NYHA Class increases from I (ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue), to Class IV (Symptoms are present while at rest) physical limitations become severe. It has previously been shown that HF patients have increased fat within the muscle thus decreasing exercise performance and tolerance. It is unclear if all NYHA classes are similarly affected. Hypothesis: HF patients with NYHA class III-IV will have more fat and less lean mass than those with NYHA class I-II. Methods: Secondary data analysis using cross sectional data from N=253. The parent study was a multicenter study about nutrition and body composition among patients with HF (preserved or reduced, and NYHA classification I-IV) who had been on a stable medication regimen, able to participate in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and/or BodPod body composition measures, able to read and speak English, and had no cognitive impairment. Women and men were analyzed separately due to known differences in fat and lean mass. Results: Table 1: Sample characteristic’s Testing the hypothesis using 2-way ANOVA and comparing the percentage of body weight that is lean and fat mass in NYHA class I-II vs III-IV found the interaction of gender and NYHA was not significant in either % lean or %fat (p=0.221, 0.190 respectively). NYHA class by itself was not significant (p=0.067) in %lean but was significant in %fat (p=0.046). Gender was significant in both %lean and %fat with men having 9.6% less fat (1.139 SE) and 9.8% more lean mass (1.066 SE) (p≤0.001). NYHA class III-IV had 2.3% (1.139 SE) more fat than those in NYHA class I-II. The R squared was 0.265 and adjusted R squared was 0.256. Conclusions: Part of our hypothesis was correct in that NYHA class III-IV had more fat mass than those in class I-II, but no difference was found in lean. This is an unexpected finding as healthy people gain fat mass while losing lean mass as they age. Additional studies are needed to further examine this result.

scholarly journals Testosterone substitution of hypogonadal men prevents the age-dependent increases in body mass index, body fat and leptin seen in healthy ageing men: results of a cross-sectional study

2002 ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rolf ◽  
S von Eckardstein ◽  
U Koken ◽  
E Nieschlag
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Testosterone Substitution ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Total Fat

INTRODUCTION: In healthy men, body weight and total fat content increase with advancing age, while serum testosterone levels decrease. In order to elucidate whether a causal relationship between these phenomena exists, we investigated the influence of testosterone or human chorionic gonadotrophin substitution on body mass index (BMI), total fat mass and serum leptin in testosterone-treated and untreated hypogonadal patients in comparison with ageing eugonadal men. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the inter-relationships of body weight, total fat mass, serum sex hormones and leptin were analysed in untreated hypogonadal men (n=24; age 19-65 years), treated hypogonadal men (n=61; age 20-67 years) and healthy eugonadal men (n=60; age 24-78 years). Total fat mass was assessed by bioimpedance measurement. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis was used to detect possible differences. RESULTS: In eugonadal men, serum testosterone levels decreased with advancing age (correlation coefficients: r=-0.71; P<0.0001), while BMI (r=0.39; P=0.002), total fat content (r=0.51; P<0.0001) and leptin (r=0.48; P<0.0001) increased significantly. In untreated hypogonadal patients, an increase in BMI (r=0.50; P=0.013) and total fat mass (r=0.41; P=0.044) was also observed with advancing age. However, in substituted hypogonadal patients, no age-dependent change in BMI (r=0.067; P=0.606), body fat content (r=-0.083; P=0.522), serum testosterone (r=-0,071; P=0.59) or serum leptin (r=-0.23; P=0.176) was found. CONCLUSION: Since testosterone-substituted older hypogonadal men show BMI and fat mass similar to those of younger eugonadal men and since non-treated hypogonadal men are similar to normal ageing men, testosterone appears to be an important factor contributing to these changes. Thus ageing men should benefit from testosterone substitution as far as body composition is concerned.

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