scholarly journals Urgency Application Of Proof Decisoir Eed Related With Judicial Conditions In The Civil Case Evidence In The Court (Case Study of Decision No. 47 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PN Lsk and Decision No. 16/Pdt.G/2012/PN Stb)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
Efa Laela Fakhriah ◽  
Yustika Tatar Fauzi Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Civil Case ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
The Law

Abstract:Implementation of the law that related civil law to the procedure of settlement of the legal dispute in court is regulated by formal law that named law of civil procedure. The aim of this study to determine how the application of proof decisoir eed in Civil Case Evidence in Court? and how the factors that affect the consideration of the judge in deciding decisoir eed as evidence?. There are some references for this research, court decisions, both decisoir eed application by either party in order to convince the judge and decisoir eed as the only evidence of the evidentiary process. The results showed that contradictory opinions: 1. In practice there are judicial decisions that apply oath breaker even if the parties have filed written evidence and witnesses and 2. decisoir eed can be applied if one of the parties did not submit evidence. The next discussion is the existence of subjective factors and objective factors for the judge to consider the granting of the decisoir eed by the parties. The conclusion of this research is the application of the decisoir eed of the civil event is irrelevant because of the low sense of legal certainty.Keywords: Proof, Decisoir Eed, Judge Abstrak:Implementasi hukum yang berhubungan di bidang keperdataan terhadap tata cara penyelesaian sengketa hukum di pengadilan diatur oleh hukum formil yang disebut dengan hukum acara perdata. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan alat bukti sumpah pemutus dalam pembuktian perkara perdata di Pengadilan dan bagaimana faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap keyakinan Hakim dalam memutuskan sumpah pemutus. Materi pembahasan penelitian ini adalah permohonan sumpah pemutus oleh salah satu pihak dengan tujuan untuk meyakinkan Hakim dalam menilai kebenaran alat bukti dan permohonan sumpah pemutus sebagai alat bukti satu-satunya dalam proses pembuktian. Hasil analisis menunjukan 2 (dua) pendapat saling kontradiktif yaitu dalam Putusan No. 47/Pdt.G/2012/PN Lsk Majelis Hakim yang mengabulkan permohonan sumpah pemutus oleh Penggugat meskipun Penggugat telah memiliki alat bukti lain dan dalam Putusan No. 16/Pdt.G/2012/PN Stb Majelis Hakim tidak mengabulkan permohonan sumpah pemutus dalam perkara tersebut karena Pihak Lawan memiliki bukti surat dan saksi. Pembahasan berikutnya sehubugan dengan faktor subyektif dan faktor obyektif dari Hakim dalam mempertimbangkan permohonan sumpah pemutus oleh para pihak. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah penerapan alat bukti sumpah pemutus dalam acara perdata sudah tidak relevan karena jauh dari rasa kepastian hukum dan paradigma hukum yang berkembang dalam penanganan perkara perdata di samping mencari kebenaran formal mulai mengarah kepada terwujudnya kebenaran materiil terbatas. Hakim harus melakukan pencarian kebenaran terhadap fakta yang dipersengketakan demi terwujudnya keadilan dan kepastian hukum.Kata kunci: Alat Bukti, Sumpah Pemutus, Hakim

scholarly journals Non-Delimitation of Incompetency Denotations in Jurisprudence and Law and the Contradiction of some of its Titles to the Law on Non-Litigious Matters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

“Incompetency” literally means prohibition and it is commonly used to point to an individual being deprived of his rights to take possession of his properties and his financial rights by the law. And, in other words, the incompetents are the individuals that do not possess “the legal capacity to enjoy a certain right” and are deprived from taking possession of their properties and if such a taking possession of the properties by an incompetent occurs, it is invalid and cannot take effect. In the legal system of Islam, the individual with a sort of a disease that features certain types of conditions leading to the weakness of the mind or insanity is called an incompetent. But the example cases of the incompetent and incompetency have not been delimited in the jurisprudence and law. Thus, the investigation of the instruments of incompetency from the perspective of the jurisprudential texts and the statutory provisions via offering an assumption indicating the non-delimitation of the incompetency instruments scope has resulted in conflicts in the non-litigious affairs law with the civil procedure, the necessity to rethink the causes of insanity as one instrument of incompetency in the civil law, the centrality of the incompetency for its setting the ground for the exertion of the law and the non-litigious affairs regulations as well as the incompetency of some patients with nervous diseases like hysterical conversion and dissociative hysteria and so forth. Therefore, conceptualizing the incompetency, the present study aims at assessing, then criticizing and investigating, the proofs offered by the proponents and the opponents of the incompetency of the patients with hysteria so as to consequently conclude an assumption regarding the hysteric patients’ incompetency and the relevant contradictions, if any, with the non-litigious matters law and civil procedure.

Behavior Modification and the Law: Implications of Recent Judicial Decisions

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Schlueter Budd ◽  
Donald M. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Real Possibility ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
The Law

This paper examines the intersection of behavior modification and recent court litigation dealing with prisoners and mentally handicapped persons. The courts have displayed an unprecedented interest in articulating the rights of institutionalized residents and establishing specific standards to insure that these rights are protected. While many of the court-ordered reforms are clearly beneficial, some of the emerging standards might, and indeed do, limit the use of certain behavior modification techniques, with the very real possibility that important therapeutic interventions could be delayed or even prohibited for some persons. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the court decisions relating to behavior modification procedures, outlines some of the complex and largely unresolved issues raised by the decisions, and suggests some solutions to these problems from the viewpoint of a behavioral psychologist.

scholarly journals Realization of res judicata principle in civil proceedings: the experience of foreign countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Tetiana Tsuvina
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Res Judicata ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Subject

  The article is devoted to the analysis of res judicata as an essential element of the legal certainty. Res judicata is considered to be one of the main guaranties of the legal certainty principle in civil procedure which allows a stability of the court decisions in democratic society and increase the public confidence to judiciary.  The author analyzes national characteristics of the realization of the principle of res judicata in civil procedure of foreign countries. The author explores the preclusion effect of court decisions, highlighting two effects of the res judicata principle: positive and negative one. The negative effect of res judicata is aimed at preventing the re-consideration of identical disputes between the parties if the dispute has already been resolved by the court, in turn, the positive effect of res judicata allows the parties to refer to circumstances that have already been established by a court decision in the dispute between them, in new proceedings, where they are involved. It is concluded that there are significant differences in the understanding of this principle in common law and civil law legal systems. The common law countries have a broad understanding of the res judicata principle, which includes positive and negative effects, and is implemented through such institutions as the claim preclusion and the issue preclusion. Civil law countries follow a narrow approach to understanding of res judicata principle, which is limited only by the negative effect and is reflected in the claim preclusion, which blocks filing an identical claim if there is a final court decision on the dispute between the parties. In common law jurisdiction there is a wider conception of the “claim”, according to which it is understood in the context of entire dispute and comprise all claims based on the legal relationship between the parties, whether or not they were the subject of court proceedings. At the same time in civil law countries identity of the claims can be notified with the help of the triple identity test, which contains the identity of the subject of the claim, the identity of the cause of action and the identity of the parties of the claim.

scholarly journals Civil Procedure on Securing a Claim in the Republic of Kosovo

SEEU Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-138
Author(s):  
Bionda Rexhepi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Final Verdict ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Interim Measures

Abstract The objective of the paper is to create a concept of what securing the claim is, based on the positive legislation of Kosovo’s law, comparing its regulation with laws of somewhat similar legislations of neighbouring regions, understanding its implementation in practice, to achieve conclusions and remarks based on law, facts, practice, and the comparative aspect. The Civil Procedure Law in the Republic of Kosovo is regulated with contested, non-contested or enforcement procedure. Securing the claim is an institute expressively regulated by the “Law on Contested Procedure of the Republic of Kosovo” on its XXI Chapter that defines its means and types. Considering securing the claim measures are present in civil law to prevent any possible threat of protected rights until the final verdict is given, this paper tends to achieve a realization of how these measures practically succeed in actual cases, if they meet the criteria set in the law, or if securing the claim proposal is approved by the court, if they unintentionally restrain the respondent from using their rights. Moving forward, how one distinguishes claim security and interim measures from one-another although they describe the main concept, is strictly reviewed under this article, to finally achieve conclusions and remarks based on questions raised as above.

scholarly journals The Application of Equity in Brazilian Court Decisions during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Are there any Obstacles?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Anna Lucia Berardinelli
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Law System ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civil Law System

Brazil follows the precepts of the Civil Law system that leaving only limited space for equity. The ongoing pandemic spread crisis and uncertainty worldwide, and there is not enough time for legislators to fill the gaps. Even the already existing legal provisions were designed to cope with unexpected situations, they might be inappropriate in such an unprecedented situation, where everyday contracts are cancelled, obligations are defaulted, companies are bankrupt, and individual rights are mitigated. Courts in Civil Law countries usually do not allow to ground their decisions exclusively on equity powers. This article aims to discuss and propose how the use of evaluative equity in judicial decisions could be the path in the search for the realization of justice, through not only its integrative function but also in an evaluative way, ensure justice in the concrete case. This article concludes that equity is an essential tool for achieving a fair decision and the demands for the common good.

Die Vorleistungspflicht im Leistungsstörungsrecht

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korla Karadas
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
District Court ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
The Law

The work examines the obligation to perform in advance in the mesh of the law of breach of contract and attempts to grasp its special features. In nine chapters, its effects on general principles, such as final non-performance or damages, are examined. Special attention is paid to the changes since the reform of the law of obligations and the regulation of contracts for work and services as a model. The author of the work is a judge at the Hildesheim District Court and worked for many years as a research assistant to Prof. Roland Schwarze at the Chair of Civil Law, Labour Law and Civil Procedure Law at Leibniz University Hanover.

scholarly journals Civil Means and Methods of Environmental Harm Prevention (the Case Study of Regional Trial)

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-30
Author(s):  
Tatiana Letuta
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Harm Prevention

The object of the research is civil relations arising in the process of environmental harm prevention. The subject of the research is the standards of civil law and regional trials as well as researches. The author of the article pays special attention to answering the question whether Article 1065 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes environmental protection means as fully as possible, what means of civil protection can be used by complainants and whether the structure of Article 1065 of the Civil Code is efficient enough. Based on the research objectives, the author of the article has used such research methods as systems analysis allowing to cover a wide range of materials and to discover gaps and inconsistencies of references rules in The Law On Environmental Protectino and Civil Code as well as analysis and generalisation to work with trial materials and to make conclusions. The main conclusinos of the research are the following provisions. There is no direct mechanism for the implementation of provisions of The Law on Environmental Protection through Civil Code rules. Thus, the author offers better ways of implying civil means including protection of estates and property rights. Letuta offers her own variant of civil protection means that can be used to prevent environmental harm in certain cases. The author also gives her own variants of amendments and changes in the civil law that would ensure better implementation of the provisions of Articles 34, 56 and 80 of The Law on Environmental Protection. 

GUILT AS A SUBJECTIVE SIDE OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF JUDGE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Skromnyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
Subjective Aspect

The article reveals the main aspects of determining the guilt of a judge as a subjective aspect of imposing legal responsibility on him. It was established that the key aspects of determining the guilt of a judge as a subjective aspect of imposing legal responsibility on him are represented by the provisions of such legislative and regulatory documents as the Constitution of Ukraine, the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine «On the independence of the judiciary», the Law of Ukraine «On the implementation of decisions and the application of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights», Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine «On judicial practice in cases of crimes against human life and health», Law of Ukraine «On the judicial system and the status of judges». It was found that the evidence of the judge's guilt in relation to the offense committed by him today is one of the important issues of imposing a certain type of legal liability on him. It has been determined that judges often commit offenses due to the adoption of unfounded and often illegal court decisions. It has been proved that the guilt of judges for the offenses committed by them is manifested as a result of non-compliance or disregard for the norms of procedural legislation or labor discipline. It has been determined that in order to make a court decision, a judge is obliged to determine the norms of the law, a number of bylaws and study judicial practice in considering the relevant court case. It has been established that one of the elements of a judge's fault is an inner conviction. It has been established that the subject of the court case regarding the adoption by the judge of an unjustified and illegal court decision is not the corpus delicti, which is present in the actions of the judge, but the legality of that, or the investigator will refuse to initiate a criminal case against the judge for making an unjust decision. It was found that the practical methods of determining the guilt of a judge in committing an offense should be a comprehensive study of the materials of the case, which is open against the judge, and the analysis of data from the judge's dossier, in particular, data on the consideration of such cases by a judge and the adoption of appropriate court decisions on them. It has been proven that quite often the release of a judge from legal liability occurs in conditions when offenses committed by a judge are re-qualified as a miscarriage of justice.

scholarly journals MENGUJI ASAS DROIT DE SUITE DALAM JAMINAN FIDUSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Sarjana ◽  
Desak Putu Dewi Kasih ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Droit De Suite

The principle of droit de suite is one of the most important principles in the law of guarantee,especially in fiduciary security. The principle implies that the rights of the creditor as therecipient of the fiduciary objects continue to follow the object of guarantee, wherever theobject is, to guarantee the repayment of the debts of the debitor. The rights which are ownedby the creditor as the recipient of fiduciary security in the principle seem to be absolute, butin fact if it is related to de practice, the principle of droit de suite has certain limitations.The limitations of this principle is whon it is faced with higher interest, the individual rightsowned by the recipient of fiduciary must succumb, as in the case of illegal logging, whichonce was decided to test the Forestry Law by the Constitutional Court (Case DecisionNumber 012/PUU-III/2005). Although the State can perform fiduciary deprivation of theobject which is used for committing illegal logging, but from the aspect of material criminallaw, it cannot be done immediately to destroy the object of guarantee, since object of thefiduciary collateral, is not considered a dangerous thing. Whereas, from the legal aspects ofcriminal procedure, if the case has been decided, then there is a duty of the State to returnthe object of fiduciary to those who own it.From the aspect of civil law, the creditor as recipient of fiduciary who feel harmed as aresult of illegal logging practices may have standing to sue for damages under Article 1365of Burgerljik Wetboek. The provision is used, because the act of illegal logging is an actagainst the law and there are losses caused to the recipient of fiduciary.

scholarly journals Notes and News

1958 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Attentive Reader ◽  
The Law

It will not escape the notice of the attentive reader of the three articles in this number of the Journal that they all relate or refer, in one way or another, to the codification of the law in Africa. Mr. Kerr, writing of the law of Southern Africa, notes that the Cape Commission of 1883 had suggested the preparation of a code of criminal law and procedure, although reluctant to codify the civil law. He also examines the construction and working of the Natal Code of Native Law, and the value of this Code as a guide to future codifiers of the customary law. Mr. Hannigan, writing of the difficulties experienced in Ghana in the judicial ascertainment of the applicable customary law in any particular case, considers “codification of the general principles of native custom” as one possible solution to the problems which arise, especially the problem of uncertainty and of local variation. Mr. Hannigan on the whole appears to favour a case-study of the judgments of English-type and native courts as a preferable alternative solution to the problem. Lastly, Professor Konvitz, as the Director of the Liberian Codification Project, writes with authority of the objects, working procedures, and difficulties of that Project. The experience of Liberia in codifying its laws will doubtless be valuable to other African countries who may be contemplating a similar step.

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