IMMUNIZATION ACTION MONTH, OCTOBER 1973

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-484
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Major Aspect ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Childhood Morbidity

The pediatrician has always been among those physicians most sensitive and attentive to the principles and practice of preventive medicine. For the past three decades immunization against infectious diseases has constituted a major aspect of his activities. Many of the vaccines utilized today are the products of research and of investigators fostered by pediatric institutions. The success of these immunizing agents has had profound, beneficial effects on childhood morbidity and mortality. This same success has enabled the pediatrician in his practice and in his research to focus greater energies on many of the other challenges to the health of infants and children.

scholarly journals Path of infectious diseases in Brazil in the last 50 years: an ongoing challenge

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliseu Alves Waldman ◽  
Ana Paula Sayuri Sato
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analysis Strategies ◽  
Great Development

ABSTRACT In this article, we comment on the main features of infectious diseases in Brazil in the last 50 years, highlighting how much of this path Revista de Saúde Pública could portray. From 1967 to 2016, 1,335 articles focusing on infectious diseases were published in Revista de Saúde Pública. Although the proportion of articles on the topic have decreased from about 50.0% to 15.0%, its notability remained and reflected the growing complexity of the research required for its control. It is noteworthy that studies design and analysis strategies progressively became more sophisticated, following the great development of epidemiology in Brazil in the recent decades. Thus, the journal has followed the success of public health interventions that permitted to control or eliminate numerous infectious diseases – which were responsible, in the past, for high rates of morbidity and mortality –, and also followed the reemergence of diseases already controlled and the emergence of until then unknown diseases, with a strong impact on the Brazilian population, establishing a little predictable and very challenging path.

scholarly journals Comportamento Climático e a Propagação de Vetores na Área do Aproveitamento Hidrelétrico Serra do Facão – Goiás/Brasil (Climate Behaviour and Propagation Vectors in the Area of Sierra Facao Hydrolectric - Goias in Brazil)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Paulo Cezar Mendes ◽  
Suélem Marques De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Development ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
The Relationship

O presente estudo é desenvolvido no Aproveitamento Hidrelétrico Serra do Facão e, dentre as medidas recomendadas para o controle e/ou erradicação das doenças infecciosas, realiza-se a vigilância entomológica que é uma ferramenta importante para a prevenção de doenças em saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a relação entre a ocorrência das chuvas e a presença de vetores das doenças em estudo, durante 12 meses de análise. A Usina fica a aproximadamente 58 quilômetros de distância da área urbana da cidade de Catalão. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa foi o monitoramento de insetos vetores com capturas mensais em seis locais de exposição das armadilhas denominados “pontos”, localizados ao longo da área de influência da SEFAC (Usina Hidrelétrica Serra do Facão). Após 12 meses de capturas, passado todas as estações do ano, tem-se observado que os pontos 2 e 4, em dias úmidos ou secos, são os que apresentam maiores índices de captura, enquanto na outra extremidade estão os pontos 1 e 5, que não importando a estação, apresentam sempre número reduzido de exemplares capturados. O gênero do Flebótomos continua sendo o mais numeroso em termo de captura, com destaque para o ponto 4 com mais de 56% do total de mosquitos apreendidos. Todavia, espera-se mesmo com o enchimento do lago entender até que ponto, o comportamento pluviométrico e empreendimento influenciará na população e na dispersão desses mosquitos. Palavras- Chave: Chuva; Vetores, Hidrelétrica  Climate Behaviour and Propagation Vectors in the Area of Sierra Facao Hydrolectric - Goias in Brazil  ABSTRACT This study is developed in Hydroelectric Sierra Facão and among the measures recommended for the control or eradication of infectious diseases carried out entomological surveillance is an important tool for disease prevention in public health. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the occurrence of rainfall and the presence of vectors of the diseases studied during 12 months of analysis. The plant is located about 58 km away from the urban area of Catalan. The methodology used for the development of this research was the monitoring of monthly catches insects with six locations in the exposure of traps called ";;;points";;;, located along the area of influence SEFAC (Hydroelectric Sierra Facão). After 12 months of catch, all the past seasons, has been observed that the points 2 and 4 days in moist or dry are those who have higher rates of capture, while at the other end points are 1 and 5, that no matter the season, few have ever captured. The gender of Phlebotomus remains the most numerous in terms of capture, especially point 4 with more than 56% of the total mosquitoes caught. However, it is expected that with the filling of the lake to understand to what extent the behavior of rainfall and new development will influence the population and the dispersal of mosquitoes.  Keywords: Rain; Vectors, Hydroelectric

scholarly journals The Development of Drugs against Acanthamoeba Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6441-6450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Yousuf Aqeel ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The Past

ABSTRACTFor the past several decades, there has been little improvement in the morbidity and mortality associated withAcanthamoebakeratitis andAcanthamoebaencephalitis, respectively. The discovery of a plethora of antiacanthamoebic compounds has not yielded effective marketed chemotherapeutics. The rate of development of novel antiacanthamoebic chemotherapies of translational value and the lack of interest of the pharmaceutical industry in developing such chemotherapies have been disappointing. On the other hand, the market for contact lenses/contact lens disinfectants is a multi-billion-dollar industry and has been successful and profitable. A better understanding of drugs, their targets, and mechanisms of action will facilitate the development of more-effective chemotherapies. Here, we review the progress toward phenotypic drug discovery, emphasizing the shortcomings of useable therapies.

scholarly journals Astragalus Polysaccharides Enhance the Immune Response to OVA Antigen in BALB/c Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yumei Zhou ◽  
Yuhan Zong ◽  
Zihao Liu ◽  
Haihong Zhao ◽  
Xiaoshan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotide ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Selection Of

Vaccination has been identified as one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in humans and animals. One of the most critical steps in vaccine development is the selection of a suitable adjuvant. Although various adjuvant candidates have been evaluated in the past few decades, only a limited amount of them are nontoxic and safe for human use. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), due to its lack of toxicity, has been used as an immunomodulator to enhance immune responses. On the other hand, the immune effects of APS on ovalbumin are yet to be examined. Thus, in this study, we analyzed APS’s effects on the immune response to ovalbumin in BALB/c mice. We have also used the classic adjuvant CpG oligodeoxynucleotide as the positive control.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Applications of Through-Focus Dark Field Image Shifts to Phase Identification

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Prakash Rao
Keyword(s):  
Dark Field Image ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field Electron ◽  
Recent Extension

Image shifts in out-of-focus dark field images have been used in the past to determine, for example, epitaxial relationships in thin films. A recent extension of the use of dark field image shifts has been to out-of-focus images in conjunction with stereoviewing to produce an artificial stereo image effect. The technique, called through-focus dark field electron microscopy or 2-1/2D microscopy, basically involves obtaining two beam-tilted dark field images such that one is slightly over-focus and the other slightly under-focus, followed by examination of the two images through a conventional stereoviewer. The elevation differences so produced are usually unrelated to object positions in the thin foil and no specimen tilting is required.In order to produce this artificial stereo effect for the purpose of phase separation and identification, it is first necessary to select a region of the diffraction pattern containing more than just one discrete spot, with the objective aperture.

‘Newness which never perishes’? Schoenberg’s ambivalent reception of Haydn

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Alexander Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Music Tradition

This paper explores Arnold Schoenberg’s curious ambivalence towards Haydn. Schoenberg recognized Haydn as an important figure in the German serious music tradition, but never closely examined or clearly articulated Haydn’s influence and import on his own musical style and ethos, as he did with many other major composers. This paper argues that Schoenberg failed to explicitly recognize Haydn as a major influence because he saw Haydn as he saw himself, namely as a somewhat ungainly, paradoxical figure, with one foot in the past and one in the future. In his voluminous writings on music, Haydn is mentioned by Schoenberg far less frequently than Bach, Mozart, or Beethoven, and his music appears rarely as examples in Schoenberg’s theoretical texts. When Schoenberg does talk about Haydn’s music, he invokes — with tacit negativity — its accessibility, counterpoising it with more recondite music, such as Beethoven’s, or his own. On the other hand, Schoenberg also praises Haydn for his complex, irregular phrasing and harmonic exploration. Haydn thus appears in Schoenberg’s writings as a figure invested with ambivalence: a key member of the First Viennese triumvirate, but at the same time he is curiously phantasmal, and is accorded a peripheral place in Schoenberg’s version of the canon and his own musical genealogy.

Economic Performance and Public Finance in Kenya, 1960-2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempe Ronald Hope
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Real Growth

Countries with positive per capita real growth are characterised by positive national savings—including government savings, increases in government investment, and strong increases in private savings and investment. On the other hand, countries with negative per capita real growth tend to be characterised by declines in savings and investment. During the past several decades, Kenya’s emerging economy has undergone many changes and economic performance has been epitomised by periods of stability, decline, or unevenness. This article discusses and analyses the record of economic performance and public finance in Kenya during the period 1960‒2010, as well as policies and other factors that have influenced that record in this emerging economy. 

Vom Forst zum Wald. Entwicklungstendenzen im naturnahen Waldbau | From a Production-Oriented Forest to a Multipurpose Forest. New Trends in Near-Natural Silviculture

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Hockenjos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Enterprises

Concepts of near-natural forestry are in great demand these days. Most German forest administrations and private forest enterprises attach great importance to being as «near-natural» as possible. This should allow them to make the most of biological rationalisation. The concept of near-natural forestry is widely accepted, especially by conservationists. However, it is much too early to analyse how successful near-natural forestry has been to date, and therefore to decide whether an era of genuine near-natural forest management has really begun. Despite wide-spread recognition, near-natural forestry is jeopardised by mechanised timber harvesting, and particularly by the large-timber harvester. The risk is that machines, which are currently just one element of the timber harvest will gain in importance and gradually become the decisive element. The forest would then be forced to meet the needs of machinery, not the other way round. Forests would consequently become so inhospitable that they would bear no resemblance to the sylvan image conjured up by potential visitors. This could mean taking a huge step backwards: from a near-natural forest to a forest dominated by machinery. The model of multipurpose forest management would become less viable, and the forest would become divided into areas for production, and separate areas for recreation and ecology. The consequences of technical intervention need to be carefully considered, if near-natural forestry is not to become a thing of the past.

TARP DVIEJŲ KOLONŲ: XVIII A. PABAIGOS – XIX A. PRADŽIOS VILNIAUS MASONŲ KASDIENYBĖ SIMBOLIKOJE

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Daiva Milinkevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secular World ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Craft Guilds

The Age of Enlightenment is defined as the period when the universal ideas of progress, deism, humanism, naturalism and others were materialized and became a golden age for freemasons. It is wrong to assume that old and conservative Christian ideas were rejected. Conversely, freemasons put them into new general shapes and expressed them with the help of symbols in their daily routine. Symbols of freemasons had close ties with the past and gave them, on the one hand, a visible instrument, such as rituals and ideas to sense the transcendental, and on the other, intense gnostic aspirations. Freemasons put in a great amount of effort to improve themselves and to create their identity with the help of myths and symbols. It traces its origins to the biblical builders of King Solomon’s Temple, the posterity of the Templar Knights, and associations of the medieval craft guilds, which were also symbolical and became their link not only to each other but also to the secular world. In this work we analysed codified masonic symbols used in their rituals. The subject of our research is the universal Masonic idea and its aspects through the symbols in the daily life of the freemasons in Vilnius. Thanks to freemasons’ signets, we could find continuity, reception, and transformation of universal masonic ideas in the Lithuanian freemasonry and national characteristics of lodges. Taking everything into account, our article shows how the universal idea of freemasonry spread among Lithuanian freemasonry, and which forms and meanings it incorporated in its symbols. The objective of this research is to find a universal Masonic idea throughout their visual and oral symbols and see its impact on the daily life of the masons in Vilnius. Keywords: Freemasonry, Bible, lodge, symbols, rituals, freemasons’ signets.

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