Brain Blood Flow

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
CHARLES R. ROSENFELD
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Velocity Curve ◽  
P Value ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Wave Forms ◽  
The Relationship

To the Editor.— Hansen and co-workers1 have taken the time to address a question of considerable import, ie, whether the use of Doppler continuous wave forms provides a means of reflecting changes in brain blood flow when the anterior cerebral artery is used. The question is important because of the conclusions that may result from the use of this technique in clinical research.2 Although Hansen et al report a high correlation and significant P value for the relationship between measurements of blood brain flow and the area under the velocity curve, peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity, these are representative of nonlinear relationships as noted by the authors.

Validity of Doppler Measurements of Anterior Cerebral Artery Blood Flow Velocity: Correlation with Brain Blood Flow in Piglets

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-531
Author(s):  
Nancy B. Hansen ◽  
Barbara S. Stonestreet ◽  
Ted S. Rosenkrantz ◽  
William Oh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Doppler Flow ◽  
Continuous Wave Doppler

Continuous wave Doppler ultrasonography through the anterior fontanel has recently been used to assess changes in cerebral blood flow in human neonates. There has been controversy concerning whether measurements of Doppler blood flow velocity indeed correlate with brain blood flow. An in vivo correlation was performed between brain blood flow as measured by the microsphere method and Doppler flow velocity measurements of the cerebral arteries via an artificial fontanel in young piglets. The peak systolic velocity (r = .76, P < .001), end diastolic velocity (r = .72, P < .001) and area under the velocity curve (r = .86, P<.001) all showed significant positive correlations with brain blood flow. The pulsatility index did not correlate with brain blood flow. Although continuous wave Doppler flow velocity measurements of the anterior cerebral artery cannot quantitatively assess cerebral blood flow, this methodology can be used to correlate changes in cerebral blood flow and provide a meaningful trend analysis following physiologic or pharmacologic perturbation of the cerebral circulation.

scholarly journals Racial differences in the correlations between structural parameters and ocular blood flow in healthy eyes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Koosha Ramezani ◽  
Alon Harris ◽  
Brent Siesky ◽  
Carine Olinde ◽  
Darrell WuDunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Eyes

Purpose: This study aimed to assess differences in the relationship between structural parameters and ocular blood flow between persons of African (AD) and European descent (ED) with healthy eyes.Methods: The relationship between structural and ocular blood flow parameters was assessed in 46 participants (20 AD, 26 ED) with healthy eyes. Disc area (DA), rim area (RA), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured. Retrobulbar blood flow was assessed in the ophthalmic (OA), central retinal (CRA), nasal (NPCA) and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries (TPCA). Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) were assessed. Retinal capillary blood flow was also evaluated. Differences between the correlations were determined using the Fisher r-to-z transformation.Results: Significant differences in correlations were observed between the AD and ED groups in the CRA, where PSV and DA were positively correlated in AD (r=0.43) and negatively correlated in ED (r=-0.36) (Δr=0.79; P=0.01). A similar finding was observed for PSV and RA (AD: r=0.39; ED: r=-0.23; Δr=0.62; P=0.04). In the inferior hemifield for ED group only, percentage of avascular space and RNFL thickness were positively correlated (r=0.51, P=0.01) and mean retinal flow and RNFL thickness were negatively correlated (r=-0.50, P=0.01).Conclusion: The relationship between structural parameters and the blood supply to the superficial layer of the retina was significantly different in the healthy eyes of AD compared to ED. More research is required to show how these differences may affect glaucomatous risk.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Ultrafast Doppler technique for cranial ultrasound in neonates

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Hyun Gi Kim ◽  
Jang Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Anterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Doppler Us ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Cranial Arteries

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the performances of Ultrafast Doppler ultrasound (US) with classic Doppler US, for cranial ultrasound in neonates.Materials and methods: We measured the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in neonates using both conventional and Ultrafast Doppler US and acquisition times were compared. Distal ACA branches were assessed with Ultrafast Doppler US.Results: A total of 138 neonates were included. The PSV and EDV of the cranial arteries were comparable between the two Doppler methods (PSV, 64.6-85.5 cm/s vs. 63.4-84.1 cm/s, p=0.100-0.510; EDV, 19.1-26.5 cm/s vs. 17.8-24.2 cm/s, p=0.100-0.981). The RIs of the ACA and PCA were not significantly different (0.69-0.73 vs 0.68-0.74, p=0.174-0.810). Ultrafast Doppler US required shorter acquisition times than conventional Doppler US (6.7 s vs. 11.0 s, p=0.003). The PSV and EDV of the distal ACA were higher than the proximal ACA (20.1-63.3 cm/s vs. 9.4-36.7, p<0.001) although the RI was similar (0.69 vs. 0.68, p=0.251).Conclusions: Ultrafast Doppler US provides comparable values to conventional Doppler US with shorter acquisition times. This novel imaging technique provides quantitative information and is suitable for distal cranial artery evaluation.

scholarly journals 298 Effects of parity on late gestational uterine blood flow and hemodynamics in beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Allison M Meyer ◽  
Natalie B Duncan ◽  
Katy S Stoecklein ◽  
Emma L Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Diastolic Velocity

Abstract To determine parity effects on late gestational uteroplacental blood flow, uterine artery hemodynamics were measured in 13 primiparous and 11 multiparous (parity 3 and 4) non-lactating, fall-calving crossbred females beginning 109 d prepartum. Females were nutritionally managed as one group to meet or exceed nutrient requirements. Transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography of the both uterine arteries was conducted 3 to 6 times per female across late gestation, ending at approximately 20 d prepartum. Data were analyzed with parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), day prior to calving, and their interaction in the model; day was a repeated effect. Dam BW was greater (P &lt; 0.001) for multiparous than primiparous females, and increased (P = 0.004) as gestation progressed. Calf birth weight was unaffected (P = 0.87) by parity. The parity x day interaction tended to affect (P = 0.06) ipsilateral uterine artery blood flow (L/min), where multiparous cows had a greater increase per day. Total and contralateral uterine artery blood flow were unaffected (P ≥ 0.11) by parity, but increased (P &lt; 0.001) with day of gestation. When expressed relative to dam BW, total and contralateral blood flow were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in primiparous than multiparous females; ipsilateral blood flow was unaffected (P ≥ 0.13) by parity, however. Ipsilateral pulsatility index and both resistance indices were unaffected (P ≥ 0.28) by parity and day, but day tended to affect (P = 0.07) contralateral pulsatility index. Parity did not affect (P ≥ 0.11) cross-sectional area, mean velocity, peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity of either uterine artery, but all increased (P &lt; 0.001) as gestation progressed. Heart rate was greater (P = 0.03) in primiparous than multiparous females. Data suggest that uterine artery blood flow and heart rate may be altered in primiparous females, even when birth weight is unaffected by parity.

scholarly journals Mandibular prognathism attenuates brain blood flow induced by chewing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kanzaki ◽  
Satoshi Wada ◽  
Masao Kumazawa ◽  
Yuko Yamada ◽  
Tomomi Sudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Blood Flow ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Mandibular Prognathism ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Calculation Task ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMastication is closely related to brain function. Animal experiments have revealed that tooth loss has a negative influence on brain function. Clinical studies also suggest that normal occlusion is an essential factor for favorable brain function. Mandibular prognathism (MP) usually results in occlusal dysfunction. However, the relationship between MP and brain function remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the relationship between MP and brain function by measuring brain blood flow (BBF). Seventeen subjects with normal occlusion (NORM) and 25 patients with MP participated in this study. The number of occlusal contacts were counted. Electromyography of the masseter muscles during clenching was also recorded. BBF was measured with non-invasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy during calculation task and chewing task. The number of the occlusal contacts and masseter muscle activity were lower in MP compared with NORM. The calculation task increased BBF in both groups. The chewing task also increased BBF in the inferior frontal gyrus in both groups, although the increase in MP was smaller than in NORM. We discovered that patients with MP exhibited a smaller increase in BBF at the inferior frontal gyrus during chewing as compared with NORM. As such, MP would negatively affect brain function.

scholarly journals Effect of inguinal hernia on the thickness and blood flow of spermatic cord in boys

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000030
Author(s):  
Shoujiang Huang ◽  
Canping Li ◽  
Xiuzhen Yang ◽  
Jianfeng Liang ◽  
Dongpi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pampiniform Plexus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of inguinal hernia (IH) on the spermatic cord using spermatic cord ultrasonography (SCU).MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2017, boys with IH who received SCU at the start of open herniorrhaphy (OH) were enrolled in this study. The age and weight at SCU, width of the spermatic cord (SC-W), peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the spermatic artery (SA-PSV) and velocity in the pampiniform plexus (PP-V), and the interval between the initial and the second OH in boys with metachronous inguinal hernia (MIH) were recorded, and the relationship among them was studied. Boys with unilateral IH comprised the IH group, and boys with MIH comprised the MIH group. Boys with polydactylism served as the control. One-way analysis of variance tested the differences among groups. Spearman’s r tested the relationship between SC-W in the MIH group and the interval.ResultsA total of 80 boys were enrolled in this study (IH group 29, MIH group 26, and control group 25). SA-PSV and PP-V in the hernia side were faster and slower than the control, respectively. There was no significant difference in PP-V and SA-PSV of the treated side in the MIH group and in the control group. After herniorrhaphy, SC-W was tapered down to normal size. SC-W, SA-PSV, and PP-V in the treated side were all highly correlated to the interval in a curvilinear manner.ConclusionPSV was positively correlated with SC-W in boys with IH, and PP-V was negatively correlated; herniorrhaphy could reverse the impairment.

Femoral Artery Blood Flow in Infants and Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kröger ◽  
J. Nettelrodt ◽  
C. Müntjes ◽  
U. Neudorf ◽  
A. Feuersenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
In Infants And Children

Background We measured Doppler parameter of common femoral artery (CFA) blood flow in infants and children and investigated how far these parameters change with age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA). Material and Methods CFA was investigated in 97 infants and children (43 females, 54 males, ages ranged from 0.13 to 220 months) on both sides in a supine position after 5 min rest using a 7.5-MHz linear transducer (Type Elegra, Siemens, Germany) 1 cm proximal to the femoral bifurcation. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, blood flow volume, mean average velocity, resistance index, and pulsatility index were measured. Results Theoretically, Doppler parameters could change with age, height, weight, BMI, and BSA. Because age, weight, height, and BSA were highly correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient > 0.90) only one of these variables could be included in a regression model. Only diameter and flow velocity (FV) correlated with age and height. Peak systolic velocity, mean average velocity, pulsatility index, and resistance index did not. Correlation between BMI and age and BMI and height was small. A regression model for the natural logarithm of FV was estimated: ln(FV) = −5.853 + 0.021 height + 0.049 BMI (R2 = 0.73, p < 0.0001 of height, p value of BMI: 0.028; p value of intercept: < 0.0001). The 95% confidence intervals were: −6.470 to −5.237 for the intercept, 0.006 to 0.093 for BMI, and 0.017 to 0.025 for height. Predicted FV and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The upper confidence limits were 8–10 times that of the lower ones. Conclusion Only FV showed height- and BMI-dependent changes in growing children. Prediction of FV in individual arteries was possible, but with a large range.

Influence of Smoking Cigarettes on Cerebral Blood Flow Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kochanowicz ◽  
Jolanta Lewko ◽  
Robert Rutkowski ◽  
Grzegorz Turek ◽  
Andrzej Sieskiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: While chronic cigarette smoking can lead to increased risk of stroke, the acute effects of smoking have not been established. We studied the changes in blood flow parameters in the major cerebral arteries caused by smoking one cigarette. Method: Using transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS), we studied the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and the internal carotid artery (ICA) of 36 healthy male volunteers before and after they smoked one cigarette. Results: Blood flow velocity increased to a different degree in all but one of the arteries examined after participants smoked a single cigarette: The end diastolic velocity increased significantly by 7.8% in the PCA, 8% in the ACA, and 14.4% in the MCA. The peak systolic velocity increased significantly by 7.5% in the MCA. Blood flow velocity remained unchanged in the ICA only. Blood pressure and heart rate increased as did the flow velocity ratio for the MCA/ICA. The pulsatility index decreased after smoking from 0.92 ± 0.13 to 0.87 ± 0.14 in the MCA, 0.93 ± 0.15 to 0.87 ± 0.13 in the ACA, and 0.95 ± 0.17 to 0.89 ± 0.16 in the PCA. Conclusions: The results suggest that the direct effect of smoking on cerebral circulation includes peripheral vasodilatation with possible constriction of the main trunk of the basal cerebral arteries.

scholarly journals The End-Diastolic Velocity of Thyroid Arteries Is Strongly Correlated with the Peak Systolic Velocity and Gland Volume in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Danilo Bianchini Höfling ◽  
Suemi Marui ◽  
Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel ◽  
Giovanni Guido Cerri ◽  
Maria Cristina Chammas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Doppler Sonography ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Diastolic Velocity

Background. The end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of thyroid arteries reflects peripheral blood flow resistance.Objective. The aim was to evaluate EDV correlations with other Doppler sonography parameters and with clinical and biochemical variables in a sample of patients with hypothyroidism caused by chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT).Methods. A sample of 48 CAT hypothyroid patients receiving treatment with stable doses of levothyroxine was selected. The participants underwent clinical evaluation and measurement of serum thyrotropin (TSH), total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), free T4, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), and antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg) and Doppler sonography.Results. The EDV of the inferior thyroid arteries (ITA-EDV) was strongly and positively correlated with the peak systolic velocity of the inferior thyroid arteries (ITA-PSV,r=0.919), thyroid volume (r=0.711), and thyroid visual vascularization pattern (TVP,r=0.687). There was no correlation between ITA-EDV and the clinical variables, hormones, anti-TPO, or anti-Tg.Conclusion. The strong correlation of ITA-EDV with ITA-PSV, TVP, and volume suggests that increased vascularization in CAT may be associated with a reduction in thyroid blood flow resistance, possibly due to an angiogenesis-induced increase in the total vascular cross-sectional area of the parenchyma.

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