Lead Toxicity in the 21st Century: Will We Still Be Treating It?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-680
Author(s):  
HERBERT L. NEEDLEMAN ◽  
RICHARD J. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
The Past

Clinical pediatric practice has not kept pace with the explosive growth in scientific understanding of lead poisoning during the past decade. The report by Glotzer and Bauchner in this issue1 demonstrates the widely differing approaches to treatment of lead toxicity found at many centers. Primary prevention of lead poisoning, the most effective response, continues at a pedestrian pace, even though in the United States we now possess both the knowledge and means to eradicate the disease permanently. Our understanding of lead's role in human health has changed profoundly during the past five decades. In that period, pediatricians have discarded the

Childhood Lead Poisoning in the '90s

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-510
Author(s):  
Sergio Piomelli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Childhood Lead Poisoning ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Threat

Lead is an extremely toxic metal: even a single atom of lead, once in the human body, binds to a protein and induces some damage; the greater the exposure, the more serious the effects. Lead has no physiological function; any amount of body lead reflects environmental pollution.1 In the 1990s, in the United States, is lead poisoning a devastating environmental threat to our children or is childhood lead poisoning a threat of the past? Probably neither of these statements is correct. It may be worthwhile to look at the current situation in detail. In the 1970s, before efforts were made to reduce environmental lead, common effects in children of the widespread environmental contamination with lead were encephalopathy and even death.

scholarly journals Members of the genus Burkholderia: good and bad guys

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Eberl ◽  
Peter Vandamme
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
The Past

In the 1990s several biocontrol agents on that containedBurkholderiastrains were registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). After risk assessment these products were withdrawn from the market and a moratorium was placed on the registration ofBurkholderia-containing products, as these strains may pose a risk to human health. However, over the past few years the number of novelBurkholderiaspecies that exhibit plant-beneficial properties and are normally not isolated from infected patients has increased tremendously. In this commentary we wish to summarize recent efforts that aim at discerning pathogenic from beneficialBurkholderiastrains.

Take Another Little Piece of My Heart: Regulating the Research Use of Human Biospecimens

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail H. Javitt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Disease

Access to human biospecimens is widely regarded as essential to the progress of medical research, and in particular, to the success of “personalized medicine.” Understanding the influence of genetic variation on human health and disease requires that researchers conduct genetic and other studies on thousands of human specimens. Over the past decade, human “biobanks” — vast collections of human biospecimens — have proliferated both in the United States and internationally. These biobanks are subject to a heterogeneous mix of standards that govern the collection and use of biospecimens.

scholarly journals TB and not TB: Mycobacteriology in Australia in the 21st century

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ivan Bastian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
The Past

In the past, non-mycobacteriologists may well have viewed the specialty as a backwater where the science and scientists moved slowly, and the organisms grew even more slowly! Little changed over nearly a century as mycobacteriologists employed the classic microscopy and culture techniques that had been developed and refined over the 2 decades following Koch?s description of the tubercle bacillus in 1884. However, mycobacteriology has undergone a renaissance in the last decade following a resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States, the increased recognition of the clinical significance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and the introduction of new molecular technologies such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). This brief review and other articles in this edition will highlight some of the exciting changes and challenges in the field of mycobacteriology in Australia.

scholarly journals Modern Neuraxial Anesthesia for Labor and Delivery

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Meng ◽  
Richard Smiley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
21St Century ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Analgesia ◽  
Labor And Delivery ◽  
The Past ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Effective Analgesia

The availability of safe, effective analgesia during labor has become an expectation for women in most of the developed world over the past two or three decades. More than 60% of women in the United States now receive some kind of neuraxial procedure during labor. This article is a brief review of the advantages and techniques of neuraxial labor analgesia along with the recent advances and controversies in the field of labor analgesia. For the most part, we have aimed the discussion at the non-anesthesiologist to give other practitioners a sense of the state of the art and science of labor analgesia in the second decade of the 21st century.

Lead Toxicity in the 21st Century: Will We Still Be Treating It?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-482
Author(s):  
EDGER J. SCHOEN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Infants And Young Children

To the Editor.— In the April 1992 issue of Pediatrics, Needleman and Jackson1 claimed that asymptomatic blood lead levels—those ≥10 µg/dL—represent a serious health problem, affecting three to four million children in the United States, and referred to lead contamination in children as a "man-made epidemic" as well as "a blunter of children's cognition and silent thief of their futures."1, p680 These authors recommended that all infants and young children be screened for blood lead, arguing that infants are screened routinely for conditions such as phenylketonuria which are much less common.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

Democratic Legitimacy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Rosanvallon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
International Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic Authority ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Western Democracies

It's a commonplace occurrence that citizens in Western democracies are disaffected with their political leaders and traditional democratic institutions. But this book argues that this crisis of confidence is partly a crisis of understanding. The book makes the case that the sources of democratic legitimacy have shifted and multiplied over the past thirty years and that we need to comprehend and make better use of these new sources of legitimacy in order to strengthen our political self-belief and commitment to democracy. Drawing on examples from France and the United States, the book notes that there has been a major expansion of independent commissions, NGOs, regulatory authorities, and watchdogs in recent decades. At the same time, constitutional courts have become more willing and able to challenge legislatures. These institutional developments, which serve the democratic values of impartiality and reflexivity, have been accompanied by a new attentiveness to what the book calls the value of proximity, as governing structures have sought to find new spaces for minorities, the particular, and the local. To improve our democracies, we need to use these new sources of legitimacy more effectively and we need to incorporate them into our accounts of democratic government. This book is an original contribution to the vigorous international debate about democratic authority and legitimacy.

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