scholarly journals Ecology of seed germination and features of ontogeny of floating mat-forming hygrogelophyte Calla palustris (Araceae) under laboratory conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Belyakov ◽  
A. G. Lapirov ◽  
O. A. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collective Fruit ◽  
Floating Mat

This article examines the ecology of germination and the features of ontogenesis of the floating mat-forming hygrogelophyte Calla palustris L. in the territory of some regions in the central part of European Russia and the Republic of Belarus under laboratory conditions. It has been found that in the surveyed territory in the dense ear-like collective fruit of C. palustris, 40.7 ± 6.4 fruits, juicy berries, are formed and the number of seeds produced (actual seed productivity), averages 164.0 ± 89.3. Widely varying data on the number of berries in the collective fruit, as well as a variable number of ovules in them, shows that the seed productivity of C. palustris depends on a whole range of endogenous and exogenous factors, including the effectiveness of pollination of flowers by insects. In laboratory experiments, various storage periods (2 and 12 months) and methods of presowing seed treatment (stratification, drying, ice-freezing) were applied to simulate the ecological conditions of the growth of white alder. It is shown that freshly harvested seeds do not germinate at once, and wet cold stratification makes it possible to achieve maximum values of laboratory germination (from 84.4 to 99.0) and germination energy (from 66.6 to 88.3). Given that the features of germination are indicators of dormancy, it is demonstrated that seeds of C. palustris are in a state of shallow physiological dormancy, conditioned by the physiological mechanism of inhibition. Along with dry storage, wet cold stratification is the main way for seeds to enter a non-dormant state. Such mechanisms are consistent with the climatic features of the regions in which the species grows. It is found that C. palustris seeds, in common with many other species of hygrogelophytes, can float on the water surface for a long time (more than 30 days), spreading with water flow (hydrochoria). Seeds of C. palustris are photosensitive, germination is observed in a wide range of temperatures – from 10–14 to 30 ºС (at constant humidity), type of germination – underground (hypogeal). It is found that ontogeny of individuals of generative origin of C. palustris in the laboratory is terminated (the plants died after passing the juvenile ontogenetic state). The formation of C. palustris seedlings under laboratory conditions lasts 23–25 days and is characterized by the appearance of the main organs of the plant and the anisotropic growth of the shoot axis. At the final stage of development, the seedling is represented by a uniaxial monopodial and anisotropic growing rosette shoot with shortened internodes. The juvenile ontogenetic state in laboratory conditions lasts up to 7 months, after which the plants die off. In the framework of ontomorphogenesis, the stages of ontogenetic development under study (the seedling and the juvenile plant) correspond to the phase of the primary uniaxial rosette shoot. The plant in this period is represented by a uniaxial monopodially growing anchorage shoot. The detection of virgin plants in natural conditions indicates the possibility of their further development from the rudiments of generative origin. The main way of the species reproduction is vegetative, characteristic of most aquatic and semi-aquatic plants. In the course of ontogenesis, progressive features of development such as cotyledon greening and early death of the radicle root have been revealed.

As(III) Removal by Dynamic Adsorption onto Amberlite XAD7 Functionalized with Crown Ether and Doped with Fe(III) Ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2330-2334
Author(s):  
Mihaela Ciopec ◽  
Adina Negrea ◽  
Narcis Duteanu ◽  
Corneliu Mircea Davidescu ◽  
Iosif Hulka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
World Health ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Organization

Arsenic content in groundwater�s present a wide range of concentration, ranging from hundreds of micrograms to thousands of micrograms of arsenic per litter, while the maximum permitted arsenic concentration established by World Health Organization (WHO) is 10 mg L-1. According to the WHO all people, regardless of their stage of development and their social economic condition, have the right to have access to adequate drinking water. The most efficient and economic technique used for arsenic removal is represented by adsorption. In order to make this remediation technique more affordable and environmentally friendly is important to new materials with advance adsorbent properties. Novelty of present paper is represented by the usage of a new adsorbent material obtained by physical - chemical modification of Amberlite XAD polymers using crown ethers followed by iron doping, due to well-known affinity of arsenic for iron ions. Present paper aims to test the obtained modified Amberlite polymer for arsenic removal from real groundwater by using adsorption in a fixed bed column, establishing in this way a mechanism for the adsorption process. During experimental work was studied the influence of competing ions from real water into the arsenic adsorption process.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Adult Survival, Reproduction, and Egg Hatch

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Keena ◽  
Paul M. Moore ◽  
Gregg Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is an invasive species that can damage many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch of A. chinensis from Italy and China are evaluated at eight constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C) under laboratory conditions. The estimated Tmax for longevity was 42 and 33 °C for females and 42 and 39 °C for males from China and Italy, respectively. The estimated Tmax, Tmin, and optimum temperature for fecundity were 35, 9, and 29 °C, respectively. Females laid eggs at 15–30 °C and eggs hatched at 15–35 °C. Days to first oviposition increased exponentially from 13 days at 30 °C to >300 days near 10 °C. The estimated Tmin for egg hatch was 13 °C, the Tmax at 38 °C, and the optimum 29 °C. Percentage hatch was estimated to be highest at 26 °C and have a Tmax of 31 °C and Tmin of 10 °C. These results indicate that summer temperatures over a wide range of latitudes should support beetle survival and reproduction, but at temperatures ≥35 °C, oviposition ceases, and adult survivorship declines. In addition, females may survive into the fall, but lay fewer eggs that may not hatch. These responses of A. chinensis to temperature can be used for developing phenological models to predict the timing of stages for management or eradication efforts.

scholarly journals SPECIALIZATION AS A SYSTEMIC TOOL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GARMENT INDUSTRY IN DIGITALIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (32) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
L.R. Girfanova ◽  
◽  
R.R. Abdyrasulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Garment Industry ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Digital Shadow

The development of digital technologies offers a wide range of opportunities to increase production efficiency, which relies on known tools and methods that transform in modern conditions. Many researchers note that the specialization most characteristic of complex knowledge-intensive industries has high prospects and is evident in all sectors of the national economy. Its combination with cooperation and outsourcing brings momentum to the development of both individual enterprises and the industry as a whole. It has been found that in light industry, which had a developed system of specializations, the return to this practice is difficult due to significant changes in the industries related to the liquidation of large mass production enterprises and the lag in the creation of digital twins, which are the basis at the stage of production preparation. Lost in the process of transition to a market economy, large production with a complete cycle is now successfully replaced by specialized small and medium-sized production, using high-performance equipment combined with modern digital technologies. It is obvious that the garment industry has entered a new cycle of development characterized by a high degree of specialization against the background of the application of digital technologies at all stages of the product life cycle. The significant lag in the application of digital technologies at the stage of production of light industry products is overcome, especially in the transition to additive technologies. It is noted that the digital shadow complements the information digital twin, which is especially relevant from the point of view of production. The introduction of digital technologies in specialized industries allows to achieve higher productivity and payback of invested capital than in standard production, where such investment is "blurred" due to the lag of related processes of the enterprise. It has been revealed that the modern stage of development of light industry is characterized by the application of fundamentally new technologies based on the creation of a digital twin and digital shadow, which create prerequisites for industrial application of additive technologies in industry. Key words: specialization, cooperation, digitalization, development of light industry

Centrifugal Manometer

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
J. F. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Normal Laboratory

The operating principles and mechanical construction of a micromanometer, which utilizes air in lieu of a liquid as working fluid, are described. Some of the noteworthy features of the instrument include its high sensitivity and accuracy, quick response, wide range, and ease of manipulation. Differential pressures of the order of 5 × 10−3 mm water gage can be measured with an error of 1 per cent under normal laboratory conditions. The maximum range of the prototype described is 25 mm water gage, and the corresponding error at this value amounts to about 0.25 per cent.

scholarly journals RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES IN PEACH ORCHARDS ON THE MAIZE WEEVIL Sitophilus zeamais (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
SANDRO DANIEL NÖRNBERG ◽  
ANDERSON DIONEI GRÜTZMACHER ◽  
DORI EDSON NAVA ◽  
RICARDO ALEXANDRE VALGAS ◽  
ÂNGELO LUIS OZELAME
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Spraying Plants ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
And Control ◽  
Treatment Application

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of pesticides sprayed on peach orchards on S. zeamais. The study consisted of two experiments, according to the method of pesticide application. For Experiment I, pesticides were directly sprayed on peach trees and in Experiment II, the application of pesticides was performed under laboratory conditions. In both Experiments, the effect of pesticides was assessed in laboratory through the release of ten weevils per peach fruit. The effect of treatments was assessed by variable number of surviving insects. The results for pesticides [a.i. (ml or g.100L)] have shown that application of treatments in the field (Experiment I), malathion (200) presented persistence at 1DAT (Days after treatments spraying) and control higher than 80%, and thiametoxan (30) up to 3 DAT , while for phosmet (200) and fenthion (100), the control percentage was over 70% at 1 DAT . Under laboratory conditions, the application of the same insecticides showed control of 100% at 120 HAT (Hours after treatment application). In this context, the use of insecticides by spraying plants must be considered an alternative method for the control of S. zeamais in peach, being necessary to the development and adoption of new control tools for its management.

Overwintering Females and the Number of Generations of Typhlodromus (T.) pyri Scheuten (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in Nova Scotia

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Typhlodromus Pyri ◽  
Predacious Mite ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (= T. tiliae Oudms.) is the predominant species of predacious mite on apples in Nova Scotia. It feeds on a wide range of prey species (Herbert, 1959). Chant (1960) investigated the life-history and habits of this species in southeastern England and Herbert (1956) studied its life-history under controlled laboratory conditions. A knowledge of the life-histories of various components of the fauna is basic to an evaluation of predation; therefore, a study of the life-history and habits of T. pyri in the field was undertaken. This was supplemented by a laboratory study in which an attempt was made to duplicate field temperarures. The results of these studies are presented here.

Chronic continuous hypoxia decreases the expression of SLC4A7 (NBCn1) and SLC4A10 (NCBE) in mouse brain

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. R2412-R2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ming Chen ◽  
Inyeong Choi ◽  
Gabriel G. Haddad ◽  
Walter F. Boron
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System

In the mammalian CNS, hypoxia causes a wide range of physiological effects, and these effects often depend on the stage of development. Among the effects are alterations in pH homeostasis. Na+-coupled HCO3− transporters can play critical roles in intracellular pH regulation and several, such as NCBE and NBCn1, are expressed abundantly in the central nervous system. In the present study, we examined the effect of chronic continuous hypoxia on the expression of two electroneutral Na-coupled HCO3− transporters, SLC4a7 (NBCn1) and SLC4a10 (NCBE), in mouse brain, the first such study on any acid-base transporter. We placed the mice in normobaric chambers and either maintained normoxia (21% inspired O2) or imposed continuous chronic hypoxia (11% O2) for a duration of either 14 days or 28 days, starting from ages of either postnatal age 2 days (P2) or P90. We assessed protein abundance by Western blot analysis, loading equal amounts of total protein for each condition. In most cases, hypoxia reduced NBCn1 levels by 20–50%, and NCBE levels by 15–40% in cerebral cortex, subcortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus, both after 14 and 28 days, and in both pups and adults. We hypothesize that these decreases, which are out of proportion to the expected overall decreases in brain protein levels, may especially be important for reducing energy consumption.

Lilie, Licht und Gottes Weisheit: Philipp Otto Runge und Jacob Böhme

Aries ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-199
Author(s):  
Melanie Öhlenbach
Keyword(s):  
Early Death ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Holistic Interpretation ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Trinity ◽  
Life Work

AbstractThe influence of Jacob Böhme on early Romantic art and its philosophy has been largely neglected by modern scholars, even though tracing the impact of Böhme's writing opens a wide range of new interpretations and leads to a deeper understanding. Phillip Otto Runge's life, his theory and works bear testimony to Böhme's importance. The article is divided into five sections: The historical and biographical background (1) forms the basis of describing Runge's demand for a new form of art (“Neue Kunst”) (2): Art is considered as the revelation of God and the artist as its tool, while the artist's imagination creates the insight of God. It is the artists' duty to re-create the diverging harmony of man and cosmos in the sense of an artistic-spiritual revolution. Due to his early death, Runge managed only partly to put his ambitions into practice, notably in the Morning of his Four Times of a Day (Die Vier [Tages-] Zeiten) which was the only one of the four copperplate prints that was finally painted in colours. In its copperplate version (3), Runge uses rich symbolic features that show both his theoretical ambitions and Böhme's influence. The author argues that Runge's work reflects Böhme's ideas of God and the Holy Trinity, angels, the creation of the world, and “Christosophierdquo. In order to understand the full impact of Runge's works, it is also necessary to explain his theory of colours (Farbentheorie) (4). Colours are perceived to be “signature rerum” which indicate the possibility to return to God. Runge's theories of light, the trinity of the primary colours and the harmony of colours as well as their application (transparent or non-transparent) are based on Böhme's spiritual ideas. The final chapter of Runge's life as well as of this article is dedicated to the coloured version of the Morning (Der Kleine Morgen) (5). The author shows how the element of the female figure, which strongly suggests Böhme's idea of “Sophiardquo, is central to the painting. In recognition of all the features previously explained, the author provides a holistic interpretation of Runge's life work that includes and goes beyond previous interpretations.

A model for estimating soil moisture deficits under cereal crops in Britain:1. Development

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Francis ◽  
J. D Pidgeon
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
System Development ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range

SUMMARYA new and detailed model, involving meteorological, crop and soil variables, is proposed to provide daily estimates of moisture deficits in soils under cereal cropping in Britain. The model incorporates developments in the calculation of potential evapotranspiration specifically for cereal crops. Four processes of loss of water are considered, namely drainage, evaporation of free water from the crop canopy, evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration by the crop. Thus the model is applicable at all stages of the cropping cycle. Above-ground and root system development of the crop are modelled and available and extractable water capacities of a wide range of soils are estimated. Thus the demand for water and its availability are varied with crop species, stage of development and soil type as well as with meteorological variables.The calculation of water losses is not dependent on arbitrary assumptions about the division of losses between the four processes considered or between different horizons of the soil.Extreme simplicity of input data requirement has been maintained. The model has been programmed in FORTRAN, and is compatible with Meteorological Office data archives.

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